• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2009

Iron-doped $Sn_{1-x}Fe_xO_2$ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.33) thin films on Si(100) substrates and powders were prepared by a chemical solution process. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the $Sn_{1-x}Fe_xO_2$ thin films and powders showed a polycrystalline rutile tetragonal structure. Thermo gravimetric (TG) - differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed the final weight loss above $430{^{\circ}C}$ for all powder samples. According to XRD Rietveld refinement of the powders, the lattice parameters and unit cell volume decreased with increasing Fe content. The magnetic properties were characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. The thin film samples with x = 0.1 and 0.2 showed paramagnetic properties but thin films with x = 0.33 exhibited ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. Mossbauer studies revealed the $Fe^{3+}$ valence state in the samples. The ferromagnetism in the samples can be interpreted in terms of the direct ferromagnetic coupling of ferric ions via an electron trapped in a bridging oxygen deficiency, which can be explained using the F-center exchange model.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.743-749
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• 1997

Local structure refinement of the BaFe1-xSnxO3-y system (x=0.00-0.50) has been carried out with Fe K-edge x-ray absorpion spectroscopic studies. It is found out that the Fe ions are placed in two different symmetric sites such as tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the compounds by comparison with Fe K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum of the γ-Fe2O3 compound as a reference. Small absorption peaks of dipole-forbiden transitions appear at a pre-edge region of 7111 eV due to the existence of Fe ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The peak intensity decreases with the substitution amount of Sn ion. Three different absorption peaks of 1s→4p dipole-allowed transition appear on the energy region between 7123 and 7131 eV. The peaks correspond to 1s→4p main transition of Fe ions in tetrahedral and octahedral sites and 1s→4p transition followed by the shakedown process of ligand to metal charge transfer. The bond distances between Fe ions in the tetrahedral site and nearest neighboring oxygen atom (Fe-4O), and those in octahedral site (Fe-6O) are determined with the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Two different interatomic distances increase with the substitution amount of Sn ion and also the bond lengths of Fe-4O are shorter than those of Fe-6O in all compounds.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

고온초전도체 $Y_{1}Ba_{2}Cu_{3-x}Sn_{x}O_{7-y}$에서 Cu 대신에 Sn 을 치환하면서 이들의 조성변화에 따른 자기적 특성을 vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)와 torque magnetometer를 이용 하여 측정하였다. Cu 대신에 Fe, Ni 등의 원소를 치환했을 때와는 달리 x=0.36 까지 되어도 초전도 전이온도가 90 K 이상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 온도와 외부자기장에 따른 자기 모우먼트 측정을 통하여 각 조성에 따른 lower critical field ($H_{c1}(T)$)과 upper critical field ($H_{c2}(T)$)를 측정하였다. 이 결과를 이용해 $H_{c1}(0)$과 $H_{c2}(0)$를 계산했으며, 간섭길이 (${\varepsilon}_{0}$), 침투깊이 (${\lambda}_{0}$), Ginzburg-Landau 상수 k등을 얻을 수 있었으며, 시료의 flux pinning 효과도 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.424-482
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• 1983

분석시료에 일정량의 표준물을 첨가한 후 희석제로 묽히는 방법을 이용하여 주석슬랙중의 $Ta_2O_5$,$Nb_2O_5$ 및 $SnO_2$를 X-선 분광 분석법으로 정량하였다. 희석제로는 $SiO_2$와 $Fe_2O_3$를 사용하였으며 첨가시료와 1:1의 비로 희석 시켰다. $Ta_2O_5$와 $SnO_2$ 의 분석결과는 $Fe_2O_3$보다 $SiO_2$로 희석시킨 것이 표준 검정곡선법에 의해 얻은 분석값과 더 잘 일치하고, $Nb_2O_5$는 이와 반대로 $SiO_2$보다 $Fe_2O_3$로 희석시킨 것이 더 잘 일치함을 보여주었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.2573-2584
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 Ca와 Sn이 치환된 YIG(Yttrium Iron Garnet)계 세라믹 자성체에서 Fe자리의 일부를 Al 치환한 자성체를 제조하고 스트립라인 서큘레이터를 설계한 후, 마이크로파대 서큘레이터를 구현하고 특성을 평가하였다. Al의 치환량에 따른 Ca와 Sn이 치환된 YIG 세라믹 자성체의 전기적, 자기적 및 마이크로파 특성을 측정한 결과, 마이크로파대에서 유전율($\varepsilon$')과 투자율($\mu$')은 각각 15.623, 0.972이었다. $Y_{2.4}Ca_{0.3}Sn_{0.3}Fe_{5-x}Al_xO_{12}$의 조성을 가진 자성체를 $1450^{\circ}C$에서 소결 제조한 결과, 페리자성 공명선폭($\Delta{H}$)이 42 Oe이고 포화자화가 487 G인 세라믹 자성체를 제조할 수 있었다. 3차원 유한요소법을 이용한 소프트웨어로 스트립라인 서큘레이터를 시뮬레이션하였으며, 중심주파수 1.9GHz 에서 삽입손실 0.8 dB, 반사손실 25 dB, 격리도 35 dB인 서률레이터를 설계하였다. 제조된 세라믹 자성체를 이용하여 중심주파수 1.9 GHz에서 삽입손실 0.869 dB, 반사손실 26.955 dB, 격리도 44.409 dB인 마이크로파용 서큘레이터를 제작할 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.187-190
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• 2010

$Sn_{0.99}{^{57}Fe}_{0.01}O_2$ 분말을 졸-겔(sol-gel) 방법으로 제조하였으며, 결정학적 및 자기적 특성을 x-선 회절(x-ray diffractometer), 진동시료 자화율 측정기(vibrating sample magnetometer)과 초전도양자간섭장치(Superconducting quantum interference devices) 및 뫼스바우어 분광기(M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy)을 이용하여 연구하였다. $Sn_{0.99}{^{57}Fe}_{0.01}O_2$의 경우 rutile tetragonal 결정구조에 공간그룹은 $P4_2$/mnm이며, 5.6 % 정도의 산소결핍 현상이 있음을 Rietveld 정련법으로 분석하였다. 상온에서 자기화 값은 $1.95{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}_B/Fe$을 가지며 상자성과 강자성적 특성을 나타내고 있었으며, 큐리-바이스 온도 ${\theta}_{cw}$= 18 K임을 확인할 수 있었다. 뫼스바우어 측정으로 부터 상온으로부터 극저온(4.2 K)까지 Sextet이 존재하며, 이성질체 이동치의 값은 전 온도구간에서 0.18~0.36 mm/s로서 $^{57}Fe$ 이온은 모두 +3로 존재함을 알 수 있었다. $Sn_{0.99}{^{57}Fe}_{0.01}O_2$의 강자성 특성의 발현은 산소결핍으로 인한 전자를 매개로 하여 이웃하고 있는 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온들이 강자성 결합에 기인하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the formation and the color development of NiO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system for the purpose of synthesizing the spinel pigments which are stable at high temperature. After preparing ZnO-Fe2O3 as a basic composition, {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.Fe2O3 system, {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.TiO2 system, and {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.SnO2 system were prepared with {{{{ chi }}=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1 mole ratio respectively. The manufacturing was carried out at 128$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The reflectance measurement and the X-ray analysis of these specimens were carried out and the results were summarized as follows. 1. In the specimens which included NiO, it was difficult for the spinel structure to be formed. 2. As increasing the contents of NiO and Fe2O3, all the groups which were yellow or green colored changed to brown. 3. NiO-ZnO-Fe2O3 system and NiO-ZnO-TiO2 system formed the spinel structure and the illmenite structure appeared in NiO-TiO2 system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.650-654
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• 2007

[ $SnO_2$ ]-doped $TiO_2$ thin films were prepared from tin (IV) bis (acetylacetonate) dichloride and titanium diisopropoxide bis (acetylacetonate) with pluronic P123 or degussa P25 as a structural-directing agent. These hydrolyzed sol were spin coated onto Si(100) wafer substrate. The microstructure, morphology and bonding states of thin films were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of these films was investigated by using indigo carmine solution.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.897-907
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the formation and the color development of CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system for the purpose of synthesizing the spinel pigments which are stable at high temperature. After preparing CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3, in which CoO causes the color, as a basic composition, $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.Fe2O3 system, $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.TiO2 system and $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.SnO2 system were prepared with $\chi$=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mole ratio respectively. The manufacturing was carried out at 128$0^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. These specimens were analyzed by the reflectance measurement and the X-ray diffraction analysis and the results were summarized as follows: 1. All of the specimens formed the spinel structure and were colored with stable yellow or blue. 2. As the content of CoO and Fe2O3 in the specimens being increased, the reflectance of each specimen was measured becoming lower and the colors were changed from yellow to greyish blue and from blue to dark blue. 3. As the substituting amount of Co2+ ion for Zn2+ ion in $\chi$CoO-ZnO-TiO2-SnO2 system being increased, the colors were changed from blue to greyish blue. The colors were changed from yellow to grayish green owing to the tetrahedral Co2+ ions being increased, the octahedral Co2+ ions being decreased with increasing the amount of Sn4+ ions. 4. CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system, in which Zn2+ was substituted with Co2+ and Fe3+ was substituted with Ti4+ and Sn4+, easily formed the spinel structure without regard to the amount of substitution or the ion owing to the selectivity of the coordination number: 4 of Zn2+, 4 of Co2+, 6 of Fe3+ or 6 of Ti4+ and Sn4+.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2004

The effect of x wt% CuO-y wt% $V_2O_5$ content on the microwave properties of $(Pb_{0.45}Ca_{0.55})[(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})_{0.9}Sn_{0.1}]O_3$ (PCFNS) ceramics was investigated. In order to decrease the sintering temperature and use as a Low Temperature co-firing Ceramics (LTCC), CuO-$V_2O_5$ are added in the PCFNS. The bulk density, dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}_r$) and quality factor(Q${\cdot}f_0$) increased with increase in CuO content within a limited value. The microwave properties were degraded with increases in $V_2O_5$ content. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (${\tau}_f$) of PCFNS was shifted to positive value abruptly with increasing the $V_2O_5$ content, while the ${\tau}_f$ was slightly shifted to positive value with increasing the CuO content. The optimized microwave properties, ${\varepsilon}_r$ = 88, Q${\cdot}f_0$ = 6100 (GHz), and ${\tau}_f$ = 18 ppm/$^{\circ}C$, were obtained in $(Pb_{0.45}Ca_{0.55})[(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})_{0.9}Sn_{0.1}]O_3$ with 0.2wt% CuO 0.05 wt% $V_2O_5$ and sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. The relationship between the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of ceramics was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)