• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.549-555
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• 2009

The research proposes two calculation methods for estimating the overall, within and between standard deviation of population. These standard deviations can be used to evaluate the process capability and performance indexes. The guidelines for using $C_{PK}$ and $P_{PK}$ according to the pattern of common and assignable causes are presented.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out investigate changes in proximate composition, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) and mineral contents of pure Kaesojoo (PK) and Kaesojoo added medicinal herbs (KMH) during storage period (30 days) at 4$^{\circ}C$ and -18$^{\circ}C$. Two dogs with 12kg live weight were slaughtered to obtain samples from extracts. The results obtained were as follows: Crude fat and ash of KMH were higher than those of the PK, but the moisture and crude protein was higher in the PK (p＜0.001). Proximate composition did not affect cold and frozen storage and storage period. the pH of the PK through all periods. The VBN value of all treatment gradually increased during storage period. That of KMH tend to be lower than PK, all treatment was maintained freshness. The TBA value of all treatment gradually increased during storage period (p＜0.05). Cold storage and PK tend to be higher frozen storage and KMH. Among minerals Ca, K, Mg, Na, P contents of the KMH were higher than those of the PK and the Ca, Mg, Zn contents were significantly changes (p＜0.05) according to the storage period and temperature.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2002

In this paper we study two vector-valued process capability indices $C_{p}$＝($C_{px}$, $C_{py}$ ) and $C_{pk}$＝( $C_{pkx}$, $C_{pky}$) considering process capability indices $C_{p}$ and $C_{pk}$. First, we derive two asymptotic distributions of plug-in estimators (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) under. some proper. conditions. Second, we examine the performance of asymptotic confidence regions of our process capability indices $C_{p}$＝( $C_{px}$ , $C_{py}$ ) and $C_{pk}$＝( $C_{pkx}$, $C_{pky}$) under BN($\mu$$_{x}$, $\mu$$_{y}$, $\sigma$$^2$$_{x}$, $\sigma$$^2$$_{y}$,$\rho$)$\rho$)EX>)EX>)EX>)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2022

Human infection with simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi is a cause for concern in Southeast Asian countries, especially in Malaysia. A previous study on Peninsular Malaysia P. knowlesi rhoptry associated protein-1 (PkRAP1) gene has discovered the existence of dimorphism. In this study, genetic analysis of PkRAP1 in a larger number of P. knowlesi samples from Malaysian Borneo was conducted. The PkRAP1 of these P. knowlesi isolates was PCR-amplified and sequenced. The newly obtained PkRAP1 gene sequences (n=34) were combined with those from the previous study (n=26) and analysed for polymorphism and natural selection. Sequence analysis revealed a higher genetic diversity of PkRAP1 compared to the previous study. Exon II of the gene had higher diversity (π=0.0172) than exon I (π=0.0128). The diversity of the total coding region (π=0.0167) was much higher than those of RAP1 orthologues such as PfRAP-1 (π=0.0041) and PvRAP1 (π=0.00088). Z-test results indicated that the gene was under purifying selection. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network showed distinct clustering of Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo PkRAP1 haplotypes. This geographical-based clustering of PkRAP1 haplotypes provides further evidence of the dimorphism of the gene and possible existence of 2 distinct P. knowlesi lineages in Malaysia.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2010

은행잎 및 호박 분말 첨가가가 육계의 성장, 혈액내 생화학분석, 체 조직내에 항산화 방어 체계 및 소장내 미생물 균총에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 3일령 육계 120수를 각 처리구당 24수씩 대조구(CON) 및 은행잎 2.5%(GK2.5), 5.0%(GK5.0)와 호박 2.5%(PK2.5), 5.0%(PK5.0) 등 5처리구에 완전 임의 배치하여 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 전체 시험 기간(3∼35일령)의 사료 섭취량은 PK2.5구에서 GK5.0 및 PK5.0 구들에 비해 유의하게(P<0.05) 낮았으며, 사료 요구율은 은행잎과 호박을 각각 5.0% 급여한 GK5.0구와 PK5.0구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가되었다. 혈액내 중성지방은 PK5.0구가 다른 첨가구들보다 높았으며(P<0.05), ALT는 GK5.0 및 PK5.0구에서 GK2.5구보다 현저히(P<0.05) 높았다. 소장점막세포의 SOD 및 GSH-Px 활성도는 은행잎 및 호박 첨가 급여구가 대조구보다 유의적으로증가되었다(P<0.05). 간 조직에서는 GK2.5구에서 대조구에 비해 SOD, GST 및 GSH-Px 활성도가 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가되었다. 또한 근육조직에서도 GST 활성도는 은행잎 및 호박 첨가 급여구가 대조구보다 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. 그러나 소장점막세포 및 근육조직의 지질과산화(MDA) 수준은 PK5.0구에서 타 처리구에 비해 증가되는(P<0.05) 결과를 보였다. 장내 소화물의 총 E. coli 균총(CFU)은 은행잎이나 호박을 첨가한 급여구에서 대조구에 비해 현저히(P<0.05) 감소되었다. 이상의 결과를 보아, 은행잎 및 호박 분말 2.5% 수준은 육계의 소장 점막세포, 간 및 근육조직의 특정 항산화효소 활성도를 증가시키며, 대장에서 대장균 총균수를 감소시켜 육계의 사료내 천연 항산화 소재로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.465-475
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• 2013

공정능력을 측정하고 분석하기 위하여 공정능력지수가 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 흔히 품질수준은 공정능력지수들에 의해 측정된다. 세 가지 공정능력지수 $C_p$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$들은 품질 현장에서 프로세스 성과를 평가하는 데 널리 유용하게 사용되는 바, 이들 추정량들의 상관관계를 보다 명확하게 규명, 연구하여 적절히 활용할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 공정표본이 정규분포에 따를 때 이러한 지수들의 추정량들에 대한 점근적 상관성을 연구하였다. 제2절에서는 공정능력지수 $C_p$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$들을 정의하여 기본적인 관계를 설명하였고, 제3절에서는 단일변량 정규공정하에서의 점근적인 상관계수를 구체적으로 계산, 규명하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 이용하여 보다 정확한 공정능력지수들의 상관관계를 통해 필요한 분석을 수행하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2016

공정이 특정 허용범위 내에서 생산을 할 수 있는 지 여부를 결정하는 데 공정능력지수가 사용된다. 공정능력지수 $C_p$, $C_{pk}$ 그리고 $C_{pm}$ 등은 공정의 현황을 추적할 수 있는 활용성이 높은 관리도구로서 특별한 관심을 가진다. 대부분 공정능력지수에 대한 계산결과는 통계적 추정과 가설검정에 초점을 맞춘다. 따라서 $C_p$, $C_{pk}$ 그리고 $C_{pm}$의 추정치 ${\hat{C}}_p$, ${\hat{C}}_{pk}$ 그리고 ${\hat{C}}_{pm}$ 사이의 점근적 성질을 조사하는 것이 의미가 있을 것이다. 이 논문에서는 BN(${\mu}_x,{\mu}_y,{\sigma}^2_x,{\sigma}^2_y,{\rho}$) 하에서 세 가지 추정치 ${\hat{C}}_p$, ${\hat{C}}_{pk}$ 그리고 ${\hat{C}}_{pm}$ 간의 점근적 상관관계를 연구한다. 비정규성을 가진 공정에서는 두 종류의 공정능력지수 간에 상관관계를 정립할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.733-742
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• 1998

Background: We have previously reported that not only cGMP but also 8-Br-cGMP or 8-pCPT-cGMP, specific and potent stimulators of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK), increased basal L-type calcium current $(I_{Ca})$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Our findings in rabbit ventricular myocytes were entirely different from the earlier findings in different species, suggesting that the activation of cGMP-PK is involved in the facilitation of $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP. However, there is no direct evidence that cGMP-PK can stimulate $I_{Ca}}$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. In this report, we focused on the direct effect of cGMP-PK on $I_{Ca}}$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Methods and Results: We isolated single ventricular myocytes of rabbit hearts by using enzymatic dissociation. Regulation of $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK was investigated in rabbit ventricular myocytes using whole-cell voltage clamp method. $I_{Ca}}$ was elicited by a depolarizing pulse to +10 mV from a holding potential of -40 mV. Extracellular 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP), potent stimulator of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK), increased basal $I_{Ca}}$. cGMP-PK also increased basal $I_{Ca}}$. The stimulation of basal $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK required both 8-Br-cGMP in low concentration and intracellular ATP to be present. The stimulation of basal $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK was blocked by heat inactivation of the cGMP-PK and by bath application of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer (Rp-pCPT-cGMP), a phosphodiesterase-resistant cGMP-PK inhibitor. When $I_{Ca}}$ was increased by internal application of cGMP-PK, IBMX resulted in an additional stimulation of $I_{Ca}}$. In the presence of cGMP-PK, already increased $I_{Ca}}$ was potentiated by bath application of isoprenaline or forskolin or intracellular application of cAMP. Conclusions: We present evidence that cGMP-PK stimulated basal $I_{Ca}}$ by a direct phosphorylation of L-type calcium channel or associated regulatory protein in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2005

Open reading frame (ORF) 3 on the Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (ChfuGV), located in the 11 kb fragment of the BamHI genomic bank encodes a predicted 32-kDa putative kinase protein. Bioinformatics analysis on the predicted amino acid sequence of ChfuGV PK-1 revealed the existence of 11 catalytic subdomains. Sequence analysis within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of ChfuGV pk-1 indicates the presence of both putative early and late promoter motifs, indicating that pk-1 may be expressed throughout the infection cycle. Promoter sequence analysis reveals that pk-1 is deprived of a TATA box and appears instead to be regulated by other cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements. Temporal transcription analysis by RT-PCR confirms the appearance of transcripts detected from 2 h p.i. until 72 h p.i. Northern blot hybridization characterizes pk-1 transcription as a 1.2 kb transcript. Homology comparisons reveal that ChfuGV PK-1 protein is most closely related to Phthorimaea operculalla granulovirus (PoGV) with 80% amino acid identity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2016

This study developed an HPLC analysis method for the determination of isoegomaketone (IK) and perillaketone (PK) in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton leaves. P. frutescens ethanol extract was optimized through an HPLC analysis using a C18 column ($250{\times}4.6mml$, D, $S-5{\mu}m$, 12 nm) with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. The results of this method showed linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of IK 0.9995, PK 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) for IK and PK were $0.234{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.952{\mu}g/mL$. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for IK and PK were $0.017{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.043{\mu}g/mL$. The inter-day precision RSDs of IK and PK in the P. frutescens were 1.25 to 2.69% and 0.36 to 1.10%, respectively, and the intra-day precision RSDs of IK and PK were 0.96 to 2.51% and 0.90 to 1.93%, respectively. The accuracies of IK and PK were 96.31 to 97.92% and 101.26 to 105.14%. In conclusion, this method was applied successfully to the detection of IK and PK in P. frutescens.