• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.477-482
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• 2013

We investigated the detection properties of nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas using transparent p-type $CuAlO_2$ thin film gas sensors. The $CuAlO_2$ film was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and then the transparent p-type $CuAlO_2$ active layer was formed by annealing. Structural and optical characterizations revealed that the transparent p-type $CuAlO_2$ layer with a thickness of around 200 nm had a non-crystalline structure, showing a quite flat surface and a high transparency above 65 % in the range of visible light. From the NO gas sensing measurements, it was found that the transparent p-type $CuAlO_2$ thin film gas sensors exhibited the maximum sensitivity to NO gas in dry air at an operating temperature of $180^{\circ}C$. We also found that these $CuAlO_2$ thin film gas sensors showed reversible and reliable electrical resistance-response to NO gas in the operating temperature range. These results indicate that the transparent p-type semiconductor $CuAlO_2$ thin films are very promising for application as sensing materials for gas sensors, in particular, various types of transparent p-n junction gas sensors. Also, these transparent p-type semiconductor $CuAlO_2$ thin films could be combined with an n-type oxide semiconductor to fabricate p-n heterojunction oxide semiconductor gas sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.2 s.10
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

In this experiment, we made the plasma reactor which adhere needle electrode in order to treat safely an NOx which was included in the gas. Also we experimently investigated characteristics of equipment and inspected efficiency. As a reaction gas, by using mixture gas of $NO/N_2$ and $N_2/O_2$, we setted up initial NO concentration and gas flow rate was set at 2 ${\iota}$/min. As a reaction characteristics of NOx, when discharge input power was high, NO concentration decreased and when the oxygen concentration increased, the NO decomposition was easy and decomposition energy efficiency was high. Also in case that NO concentration increased, NO decomposition energy efficiency was high but decomposition rate was low. The characteristics of ozone, when discharge input power was high, ozone increased and when $NO/N_2$ concentration increased, the ozone decreased.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

The characteristics of DeNOx conversion process by plasma/post-heating system with the simulated gas containing ethene is investigated experimentally. Without plasma treatment, $NO-NO_2$ conversion doesn't occur by $400^{\circ}C$ in a mixture of $N_2/O_2$ with a trace gas of ethene. But $NO-NO_2$ conversion occurs as temperature increases above $400^{\circ}C$. The NO can, however, be converted to $NO_2$ at lower temperatures by treating the gas mixture with non-thermal plasma. The $NO-NO_2$ conversion enhances further by passing the plasma treated gas through the post-heating furnace. Results show that 20%${\sim}50%$ more conversion of NO to $NO_2$ is observed when the temperatures of the post-heating furnace are maintained at $300^{\circ}C$ or $400^{\circ}C$. The additional $NO-NO_2$ conversion by post-heating is due to the reaction of ethene with the byproducts or radicals generated from the plasma reaction.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.17
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• pp.65-99
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• 1996

We exanmined the each effect of $NO_2$ and $SO_2$gas, the maincomponets of air pollutants, on the deterioration of 6 organic materials with Gasexposure cabinet. The organic materials were used 2 kind of papers(Korean paper, Oldbook paper) and 4 kind of textiles (Cotton, Silk, Hemp, ramie) in gas exposure experiments. In order to know how to change of physical conditions, the materials were exposed to 2000, 1000 ppm. h of $SO_2$dose, to 100 ppm. h of $NO_2$ dose at 65% RH. The color difference, tensile strength, elongation coeffient, mass reduction and fabric status of each materials were discussed the following below.1. The color difference of cotton and hemp was larger than that of silk and ramie in the presence of $SO_2$ gas. and the color difference of korean paper was less than that of the textile materials in the presence of $SO_2$ gas.2. The tensile strength of cotton fell suddenly at 100ppm.h of $SO_2$ dose and even became 56% of the unexposed cotton.3. The weight of 6 materials began to decrease in the presence of $SO_2$ gas.4. The tensile strength and elongation of the materials tended to decrease at 12.5ppm.h of $NO_2$ especially silk was the strongest tendency to decrease.5. Cotton, hemp and ramie were influenced by $SO_2$ gas more than by $NO_2$, but silk were influenced by $NO_2$ more thang by $SO_2$ at 10ppm.h of each noxious gas.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.260-266
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• 2021

Synthesizing low-dimensional structures of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate highly efficient gas sensors by means of possible enhancement in surface-to-volume ratios of their sensing materials. In this work, vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods are successfully synthesized on a transparent glass substrate via seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method with the use of a ZnO nanoparticle seed layer, which is formed by thermally oxidizing a sputtered Zn metal film. Structural and optical characterization by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy reveals the successful preparation of the ZnO nanorods array of the single hexagonal wurtzite crystalline phase. From gas sensing measurements for the nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) gas, the vertically aligned ZnO nanorod array is observed to have a highly responsive sensitivity to NO₂ gas at relatively low concentrations and operating temperatures, especially showing a high maximum sensitivity to NO₂ at 250 ℃ and a low NO₂ detection limit of 5 ppm in dry air. These results along with a facile fabrication process demonstrate that the ZnO nanorods synthesized on a transparent glass substrate are very promising for low-cost and high-performance NO₂ gas sensors.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2008

Multiple ZnO nanorod device detecting $NO_2$ gas was fabricated by sol-gel growth method and gas response characteristics were measured as a chemical gas sensor. The device is mainly composed of sensing electrode and sensing nano material. To acquire high sensitivity of the device for $NO_2$ gas it was heated by a heat chuck up to $400^{\circ}C$ The sensing part was easily made using the CMOS compatible process, for example, the large area and low temperature nano material growth process, etc. The sensors were successfully demonstrated and showed high sensitive response for $NO_2$ gas sensing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.390-401
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• 2000

In this study, numerical calculation is carried out to investigate the influence of injection timing, fuel amount, intake $O_2$ concentration, and EGR on Nitric Oxide(NO) formation using a two-zone model in a diesel engine. Results can be summarized as follows. The NO formation is very sensitive to the burned gas temperature, so multi-zone model must be applied to combustion process to predict the burned gas temperature exactly. Since the burned gas temperature increases rapidly during the premixed combustion, most NO is formed within 20 crank angle degrees after ignition. As the injection timing is retarded, the combustion occurs later in the expansion process which causes the decrease of burned gas temperature and, as a result, NO formation decrease. The increase of fuel amount results in the increase of earlier formation of NO in the engine. As the intake $O_2$ concentration increases, the maximum pressure and burned gas temperature increase due to activate combustion. And, [O] mole fraction of equilibrium combustion products also increase. Therefore NO exponentially increases. If exhaust gas is recirculated, the burned gas temperature decreases which results in NO decrease. If exhaust gas is cooled, more NO can be decreased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.358-363
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• 2015

We present an excellent detection for nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas using polycrystalline ZnO wire-like films synthesized via a simple method combined with sputtering of Zn metallic films and subsequent thermal oxidation of the sputtered Zn nanowire films in dry air. Structural and morphological characterization revealed that it would be possible to synthesize polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO films of a wire-like nanostructure with widths of 100-150 nm and lengths of several microns by controlling the sputtering conditions. It was found from the gas sensing measurements that the ZnO wire-like thin film gas sensor showed a significantly high response, with a maximum value of 29.2 for 2 ppm NO at $200^{\circ}C$, as well as a reversible fast response to NO with a very low detection limit of 50 ppb. In addition, the ZnO wire-like thin film gas sensor also displayed an NO-selective sensing response for NO, $O_2$, $H_2$, $NH_3$, and CO gases. Our results illustrate that polycrystalline ZnO wire-like thin films are potential sensing materials for the fabrication of NO-sensitive high-performance gas sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Flue gas recirculation(FGR) is an effective combustion technique for reducing nitrogen oxides(NOx) and is applied in various fields of low-pollution combustion. Continuing the previous study, a numerical analysis was conducted to identify changes of flame characteristics and NOx formation mechanism with applying FGR technique in CH₄/air premixed counterflow flames. NOx emitted was divided into four main reaction paths(thermal NO, prompt NO, N₂H and N₂O), showing relatively the production rate of NO with the recirculation ratio. As a result, thermal NO contributed greatly to the overall NO whereas the effect of N₂H was minimal. In addition, emission index of NO was compared as the recirculation ratio increased by modifying the UC San Diego mechanism to examine the contribution of thermal NO.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2303-2309
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• 2004

Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a method widely adopted to control NOx in combustion system. The recirculated flue gas decreases flame temperature and reaction rate, resulting in the decrease in thermal NO production. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the recirculated flue gas in fuel stream, that is, the fuel induced recirculation (FIR), could enhance a much improved reduction in NOx per unit mass of recirculated gas, as compared to the conventional FGR in air. In the present study, the effect of FGR/FIR methods on NOx reduction in turbulent swirl flames by using N$_2$ and CO$_2$ as diluent gases to simulate flue gases. Results show that CO$_2$ dilution is more effective in NO reduction because of large temperature drop due to the larger specific heat of CO$_2$ compared to N$_2$ and FIR is more effective to reduce NO emission than FGR when the same recirculation ratio of dilution gas is used.