• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2014

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.10.1-10.8
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• 2018

Substitution effect of white radish' by-product (WRB) and tunic of sea squirt (TSS) for Undaria in feed on growth and carcass composition of abalone was determined. Eight-hundred forty juveniles were distributed into 12 containers. Three formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. A 15% Undaria was included in the control diet. The 15% Undaria was substituted with a same amount of WRB and TSS, referred to as the DRG and TSS diets, respectively. Finally, dry Undaria was also prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash content of the experimental diets changed over all period of time. Higher crude protein and lipid and ash contents retained in all formulated diets compared to the Undaria were observed at 24 and 48 h after seawater immersion. Survival of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the TSS diet was greater than all other diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the control diet was not different from those of abalone fed the WRB diet. Proximates of the soft body of abalone was affected by the diets. In conclusion, WRB and TSS are the promising feed ingredients to replace Undaria in abalone feed; especially, TSS is superior to either Undaria or WRB. The formulated diets produced improved growth performance of abalone over the single Undaria.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

부밴드 구조에서 적응필터에 최대 다위상 분해와 노블아이덴티티를 적용함으로써 전밴드 인접투사 알고리즘은 부밴드 인접투사 알고리즘으로 변환된다. 최대 다위상 분해된 부밴드 인접투사 (Maximally Polyphase Decomposed Subband Affine Projection: MPDSAP) 알고리즘은 각 부밴드의 적응 부필터에서 사용되는 투사차원이 1인 부밴드 인접투사 알고리즘의 특별한 형태다. MPDSAP 알고리즘의 계수갱신식은 NLMS 알고리즘과 유사한 형식을 갖기 때문에 실제 구현관점에서 보다 좋은 알고리즘 선택이 될 수 있다. 본 논문은 MPDSAP 알고리즘의 새로운 통계적 해석을 제시한다. 해석적 모델은 정규직교 분해필터를 갖는 부밴드 구조에서 Autoregressive (AR) 입력과 임의의 적응이득에 대해 유도된다. 정규직교 분해필터에 의한 사전 백색화는 AR 입력과 임의의 적응이득에 대한 MPDSAP 알고리즘의 간단한 해석적 모델의 유도를 가능하게 한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2019

컴퓨팅 사고력에 대한 연구는 2006년 자넷 윙이 이를 정의하고 2014년 영국에서 SW교육을 필수교과로 운영하게 되면서 관련 연구가 본격화 되었다. 본 연구는 최근 중요도가 높아가는 컴퓨팅 사고력을 키워드로 관련 연구논문을 수집하여 텍스트 마이닝 기법으로 분석하였다. 1차는 컴퓨팅 사고력을 키워드로 CONCOR 분석을 하였으며 2차는 국내외 대표 학술지를 선정하여 컴퓨팅 사고력의 구성요소를 텍스트 마이닝 기법으로 분석하였다. 2회에 걸친 분석결과 도출된 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 추상화, 알고리즘, 데이터처리, 문제분해, 패턴인식은 컴퓨팅 사고력 구성요소에 대한 연구의 핵심을 이루고 있었다. 둘째, 컴퓨팅 사고력과 과학, 수학 교과 중심의 융합 교육에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 컴퓨팅 사고력에 대한 연구가 2010년 이후 확대되고 있었다. 향후 컴퓨팅 사고력과 구성요소에 대한 분류와 정의를 정립하여 이를 교육현장에 적용하는 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

본 연구는 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 아로마테라피 발마사지를 중재하여 만성통증과 수면에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위한 실험연구이다. 대상자는 총 43명으로 실험군 22명, 대조군 21명이었다. 실험군에게 적용한 에센셜오일의 구성은 케모마일 로만, 라벤더, 마조람 스위트, 오렌지 스위트를 캐리어 오일인 호호바오일 100ml에 2%로 희석한 것으로 하였다. 중재는 실험군에게 2주 동안 주당 3회, 1회 10분, 총 6회 시행하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 21.0을 이용하여 $x^2$-test, independent t-test로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 실험군은 대조군보다 만성통증은 실험군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 감소(t=-17.527, p=.000)가 있었고, 수면의 질은 실험군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 향상(t=38.125, p=.000)되었으며, 수면 중 소변횟수도 실험군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 감소(t=-10.088, p=.000)가 있었다. 따라서 아로마테라피 발마사지는 약물복용 없이 지역사회 노인의 만성통증 완화와 수면이 향상되어 건강관리와 증진을 위한 유용한 중재방법으로 활용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2019

High voltage impulse(HVI) has been gained attention as an alternate technique controlling $CaCO_3$ scale formation. Investigation of key operational parameters for HVI is important, however, those had not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of temperature and applied voltage of HVI on $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was studied. As the applied voltage from 0 to 15kV and the temperature increased from 20 to $60^{\circ}C$, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration decreased, indicating that the aqueous $Ca^{2+}$ precipitated to $CaCO_3$. The $Ca^{2+}$ concentration decreased up to 81% under the condition of 15kV and $60^{\circ}C$. Rate constant for the precipitation reaction, k was determined under different temper1ature and voltage. The reaction rate constant under the 15kV and $60^{\circ}C$ condition was evaluated to $66{\times}10^{-3}L/(mmol{\cdot}hr)$, which was 5 times greater than the k of the reaction without HVI at same temperature. The increases in k by HVI at higher temperature region(40 to $60^{\circ}C$) was much greater than at lower temperature region(20 to $40^{\circ}C$), which implies temperature is more important parameter than voltage for reducing $Ca^{2+}$ concentration at high temperature region. These results show that the HVI induction accelerates the precipitation to $CaCO_3$, particularly much faster at higher temperature.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2020

Background: As the Positive List System (PLS) is implemented in broad application to agricultural products, attention to the correct use of pesticides is also needed in the production of mulberry leaves and fruit. In this regard, three types of pesticides against mulberry popcorn disease were applied 2 - 3 times both in the field and greenhouses to prepare safety standards. Residual pesticide analysis was conducted on mulberry fruits and leaves. Methods and results: Three pesticieds, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl·triflumizole and fluopyram registered as PLS pesticides for mulberry popcorn disease, were sprayed in the Wanju and in Buan regions, after which residual pesticide analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As three pesticieds were either undetected or below the permissible level in mulberry fruit, demonstrating that they were suitable for safe spraying. However, 5.6 mg/kg of thiophanate-methyl was detected in the greenhouse after three application, which was slightly above maximum residue limit (MRL). Furthermore the level of thiophanate-methyl·triflumizole was higher than 0.2 mg/kg ("Gwasang No. 2" variety, spraying twice) or similar to 0.09 mg/kg ("Daesim" variety, spraying thrice) the permissible level (0.1T mg/kg) as the thiophanate-methyl was detected in mulberry leaves in the greenhouse. Conclusions: The spraying frequency for controlling mulberry popcorn disease in greenhouses should be limited to two times or less, especially when mulberry leaves are treated with thiophanate-methyl·triflumizole careful consideration is required if the leaves are to be used as food materials.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2023

Background: This study has mainly focused on finding pharmacological effects of ginsenosides that can reduce the unwanted side effects of the cytotoxic anticancer drugs and are highly effective on prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, hormone-dependent breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and brain cancer (neuroblastoma). Methods: Minor and rare ginsenosides (GS) of Rh2 which have a high absorption ability and excellent pharmacological actions were treated with the 6 different types of cancer cell lines and their anticancer activities were investigated by analyzing gene expressions associated with various cancers through qPCR and other relevant methods. Results: In cancer cells exposed to Rh2, cell viability and cell migration were reduced, and apoptosis was induced. Each cancer cell was divided into three groups according to the cell proliferation response by Rh2; 1) A group in which the cell viability decreases inversely to an increase in Rh2 treatment concentration; 2) A group in which the cell viability rapidly decreases in Rh2 treatment above a certain level of concentration; 3) A group in which the cell viability was not suppressed below 20-30% even with 100 μL of Rh2, the highest concentration used in this study. Conclusions: It was shown that Rh2 has a significant effect on inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and hormone-dependent breast cancer cells.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2023

The aging fishery training vessels from the past have mostly been decommissioned, and many universities are introducing state-of-the-art large fishery training vessels. The purpose of these training vessels is to train marine professionals and above all, safety to prevent marine accidents should be of utmost priority as many students embark on the vessel. This study estimated the impact of the hydrodynamic interaction forces acting on the model vessel (fishery training vessel) from the bank when the vessel pass near the semi-circle bank wall in various conditions through the numerical calculation, especially concerning maneuvering motions of the vessel. For estimation, variables were mainly set as the size of the semi-circle shape, the lateral distance between the bank and the model vessel, and the depth near the bank. As a result, it was estimated that, in order for the model vessel to safely pass the semi-circle bank wall at a speed of 4 knots, the water depth to the vessel draft ratio should be 1.5 or more (approximately 8 m of water depth), and the lateral distance from the semi-circle bank wall should be 0.4 times the model vessel's length (L_pp) or more (a distance of 34 m or more). Under these conditions, it was expected that the model vessel would pass without significantly being affected by the bank wall.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Tumor peptides associated with MHC class I molecules or their synthetic variants have attracted great attention for their potential use as vaccines to induce tumor-specific CTLs. However, the outcome of clinical trials of peptide-based tumor vaccines has been disappointing. There are various reasons for this lack of success, such as difficulties in delivering the peptides specifically to professional Ag-presenting cells, short peptide half-life in vivo, and limited peptide immunogenicity. We report here a novel peptide vaccination strategy that efficiently induces peptide-specific CTLs. Nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated from a biodegradable polymer, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), attached to H-2K^b molecules, and then the natural peptide epitopes associated with the H-2K^b molecules were exchanged with a model tumor peptide, SIINFEKL (OVA_257-268). These NPs were efficiently phagocytosed by immature dendritic cells (DCs), inducing DC maturation and activation. In addition, the DCs that phagocytosed SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs potently activated SIINFEKL-H2K^b complex-specific CD8⁺ T cells via cross-presentation of SIINFEKL. In vivo studies showed that intravenous administration of SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs effectively generated SIINFEKL-specific CD8⁺ T cells in both normal and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, intravenous administration of SIINFEKL-pulsed NPs into EG7.OVA tumor-bearing mice almost completely inhibited the tumor growth. These results demonstrate that vaccination with polymeric NPs coated with tumor peptide-MHC-I complexes is a novel strategy for efficient induction of tumor-specific CTLs.