• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1984

The effect of solvent on the dipole moments for (chloromethyl) stannanes has been investigated by applying EHT calculation for the isomers of trigonal bipyramidal Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_4X$ and $Cl_n$Sn(Ⅳ) $(CH_2Cl)_{4-n}$, octahedral Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_42X$ and $Cl_nSn$(Ⅳ)$(CH_2Cl)_{4-n}$ 2X type complexes in dioxane and ethylacetate solutions (X: dioxane or ethylacetate). For Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_4$ in dioxane solution, the calculated dipole moment for the trigonal bipyramidal Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_4X$ type complex [isomer (b)] is closer to the experimental dipole moment than octahedral Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_4X$2X type complexes. This calculated dipole moment suggests that Sn(Ⅳ)$Cl_4X$ may have the trigonal bipyramidal structure in dioxane solution. However, the calculated dipole moment for octahedral $Cl_3$Sn(Ⅳ) ($CH_2$Cl)2X type complex [Isomer (d)], ClSn(Ⅳ)(CH2Cl)32X type complex [Isomer(k)] and Cl2Sn(Ⅳ)(CH2Cl)22X type complex [Isomer(h)] are closer to the experimental dipole moments than other isomers for octahedral complexes and trigonal bipyramidal complexes. Such theoretical results indicate that $Cl_3Sn$(Ⅳ )($CH_2Cl$), ClSn(Ⅳ)$(CH_2Cl)_3$ and $Cl2Sn$(Ⅳ)$(CH_2Cl)_2$ complexes may have octahedral structures, Isomer(d), (k) and (h) in ethylacetate solution, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.1778-1782
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• 2017

The interaction of $NpO^+_2$ with $Cl^-$ was studied using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy in $NaCl-Ca-Cl_2-NaClO_4$, $NaCl-NaClO_4$, and $CaCl_2-NaClO_4$ solutions with ionic strength (I) of 6M. The spectra of $NpO^+_2$ around 980 nm varied with $Cl^-$ concentration in the $NaCl-CaCl_2-NaClO_4$ and $NaCl-NaClO_4$ solutions at [$Cl^-$] ${\geq}3.5M$, but not in the $CaCl_2-NaClO_4$ solution. Assuming the 1:1 interaction between $NpO^+_2$ and $Cl^-$, the apparent equilibrium constants at I = 6M were evaluated. The presence of $Ca^{2+}$ was found to destabilize overall interaction between $NpO^+_2$ and $Cl^-$. The observations were consistent with the density functional theory calculation.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.79-79
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• 2001

This study was conducted to measure the total protein, DNA, and RNA contents of corpus luteum(CL) in various stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy. CLs were collected from a local slaughterhouse and stages of the estrous cycle of CL were classified as CL1~2, days 1 to 10; CL3(with/without central cavity), days 11 to 17; CL4, days 18 to 20 by method of Ireland et. al(1980) and stages of the pregnancy of CL were classified as P1~3, months 11~3: P4~6, months 4~6; P7~9, months 7~9 of pregnancy. CL3 with/without central cavity(CC) was identified as described by Kastelic et. al.(1990)-CL with CC, more than 2mm in diameter; CL without CC, less than 2mm in diameter. In total protein content, CL3 with CC was significantly lower than P7~9(p<.05). The total DNA content was lower in CL3 with CC than CL3 without CC and CL4(p<.05). In protein : DNA ratio, CL3 with CC was significantly lower than CL4(p<.05), CL3 without CC was significantly lower than P7~9(p<.05), CL4 was significantly lower than CL3 with CC, P1~3 and P7~9(p<.05). No differences were observed in RNA content, protein:RNA ratio, RNA/DNA of CLs in stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.325-325
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• 2006

Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether using various metal halides was examined in toluene in the presence of an added base at $0^{\circ}C$. In conjunction with an appropriate weak base such as ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, all metal halides but $FeBr_{3}\;and\;GaCl_{3}$ led to living cationic polymerization. The polymerization rates varied as follows: $FeBr_{3},\;GaCl_{3}\;>\;FeCl_{3}\;>\;SnCl_{4}\;>\;InCl_{3}\;>\;ZnCl_{2}\;>>\;AlCl_{3},\;HfCl_{4},\;ZrCl_{4}\;>\;EtAlCl_{2},\;BiCl_{3},\;TiCl4\;>>\;SiCl_{4}\;>\;GeCl_{4}$. This order partially corresponds to that of the equilibrium constant in the formation of a carbocation from a chloroalkane in the presence of a carbonyl compound. With extremely active Lewis acids, such as $FeBr_{3}\;and\;GaCl_{3}$, the use of a stronger base, THF, was required to achieve living polymerization.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

퍼클로레이트($ClO_4^-$)는 지표수는 물론이고 토양지하수의 신규 오염물이다. $ClO_4^-$는 요오드가 갑상선에 흡수되는 것을 방해하므로 갑상선 호르몬 생성을 저하시킨다. $ClO_4^-$는 물에서 매우 용해도가 높고 안정적이라는 특징으로 인해 $ClO_4^-$를 환원하는 세균(PRB)에 의한 생분해가 자연저감의 가장 중요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 산업단지 내 하천은 점 또는 비점오염원으로부터 배출된 $ClO_4^-$에 오염될 잠재성이 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 구미지역 산업단지 내 하천에서 물시료를 채취하여 하천미생물의 $ClO_4^-$ 분해 잠재능을 회분배양으로 조사하였다. 외부 전자공여체를 첨가하지 않고 83시간 동안 배양한 결과 모든 시료는 $ClO_4^-$ 제거효율이 0.77% 이하로 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외부 전자공여체(acetate, thiosulfate, $S^0$, 또는 $F^0$)를 첨가한 경우는 제거효율이 최고 100%로 나타났고, 첨가된 전자공여체의 종류와 시료채취지점에 따라 제거효율은 다양한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용한 전자공여체 중에서는 acetate를 사용했을 때 $ClO_4^-$분해효율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타나 종속영양방식 PRB의 활성이 우세함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 산업단지 내 하천 미생물에 의한 $ClO_4^-$ 자연저감에 대한 기초정보를 제공하여 원위치 생물복원처리에서 $ClO_4^-$ 생분해를 증진하기 위한 전략마련에 유용하게 사용될 것이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1980

마크로사이클리간드인 1,4,8,11-테트라아자사이클로테트라데칸 (cyclam)과 비환형 리간드인 1,5,8,12-테트라아자도데칸 (3,2,3-tet)의 높은 스핀철(Ⅱ) 착화합물이 합성되었다. 낮은 스핀인 $[Fe(cyclam)(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$는 메탄올속에서 염소이온과 반응하여 높은 스핀인 $[Fe(cyclam)Cl]ClO_4$를 생성한다. $[Fe(cyclam)(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$는 낮은 스핀이지만 $[Fe(3,2,3-tet)(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$는 높은 스핀을 가지며 이 차이는 비환형 리간드가 환형 리간드보다 압축효과가 작은 것으로 설명된다. $[Fe(cyclam)Cl]ClO_4$의 합성은 마크로사이클리간드가 불포화되어 있거나 치환체가 있어야 높은 스핀 다섯배위철(II) 착화합물의 합성이 가능하다는 지금까지의 전해에 반대되는 증거가 된다. $[Fe(cyclam)Cl]ClO_4$와 $[Fe(3,2,3-tet)(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$는 일산화탄소와 반응해서 각기 낮은 스핀 여섯배위인 $[Fe(cyclam)Cl(CO)]ClO_4$ 와 $[Fe(3.2,3-tet)(CH_3CN)(CO)](ClO_4)_2$를 만든다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.4-10
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen, ${NH_4}^+$, and ${NO_3}^-$ content of 4 barley cultivar seedlings that were cultured for 10 and 30 days with different NaCl levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) contain-ing 1/4 Hoagland solutions. The sodium ion content in the shoot of barley seedlings sharply increased with an increase of NaCl concentration. After 30 days of NaCl treatment, the sodium content of the shoot at 150 mM NaCl was 27 times higher than in non-saline conditions. The sodium content in the root linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Nitrogen content in the shoot linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but nitrogen content in the root declined above the point where the $Na^+$ content was 3.0 mM/g $Na^+$ in the barley seedling. ${NO_3}^-$ content also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. ${NH_4}^+$ content in the shoot decreased with NaCl condition, but its content in the root increased with NaCl condition. A positive correlation between ${NO_3}^-$ and ${NH_4}^+$ content was found in the shoot, but their relationship was negative in the root.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 1995

이탈리안 라이그라스의 염해반응에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 NaCl의 8개 농도에서 14개 품종(2배체:7 4배체:7)의 발아율과 유묘건물중, 엽록소 및 유리 proline함량을 조사하였다. 1. 발아율은 NaCl 300mM 이상에서 크게 감소하였으며 대조구에 대한 50%의 발아감소 NaCl농도는 344mM이었다. 2배체품종은 4배체품종보다 감소 정도가 컸으며 NaCl의 농도가 높을수록 발아율에 대한 품종들의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 2. 지상부 건물중은 NaCl 166mM에서 대조구에 대한 50%의 감소율을 보여 발아기보다 유묘기에 NaCl에 대한 영향이 더욱 컸는데, 품종들의 발아율과 지상부 건물중과는 상관관계가 없었다. 3. 지하부 건물중은 NaCl농도가 높아질수록 감소 정도가 커서 NaCl 148mM에서 50%의 감소가 나타났으며, 품종들의 지상부 건물중과 지하부 건물중은 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 4. 지상부 건물중과 지하부 건물중은 NaCl의 각 농도에서 2배체가 4배체보다 높았다. 5. Total 엽록소 함량은 NaCl농도가 높아질수록 증가하였는다 엽록소 a가 엽록소 b보다 함량이 더욱 증가하였으며, 엽록소 a는 4배체가 2배체보다 높았으나 엽록소 b는 2배체가 4배체보다 높았다. 품종들의 엽록소 a함량과 지상부 건물중과는 NaCl 150mM 이상에서 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다. 6. 유리 proline함량은 NaCl처리에 의하여 현저히 축적되었는데 2배체와 4배체 사이에는 별다른 차이가 없었으며, 품종들의 지상부 건물중과도 상관관계가 없었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2012

In order to understand the difference in SiC deposition between the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ and $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ systems, we calculate the phase stability among ${\beta}$-SiC, graphite and silicon. We constructed the phase-diagram of ${\beta}$-SiC over graphite and silicon via computational thermodynamic calculation considering pressure (P), temperature (T) and gas composition (C) as variables. Both P-T-C diagrams showed a very steep phase boundary between the SiC+C and SiC region perpendicular to the H/Si axis, and also showed an SiC+Si region with a H/Si value of up to 6700 in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$, and 5000 in the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ system. This difference in phase boundaries is explained by the ratio of Cl to Si, which is 4 for the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system and 3 for the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system. Because the C/Si ratio is fixed at 1 in the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ system while it can be variable in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system, the functionally graded material is applicable for better mechanical bonding during SiC coating on graphite substrate in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2002

In this work, the etching of $CeO_2$ thin films has been performed in an inductively coupled $Ar/CF_4/Cl_2$ plasma. The highest etch rate of the $CeO_2$ thin film ws 250 ${\AA}/min$ and the selectivity of CeO$_2$to SBT was 0.4 at a 10% additive $Cl_2$ into Ar/($Ar+CF_4$)gas mixing ratio of 0.8. From result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, there are Ce-Cl and Ce-F bonding by chemical reaction between Cl, F and Ce. During the etching of $CeO_2$ thin films in $Ar/CF_4/Cl_2$ plama, Ce-Cl and Ce-F bond is formed, and these prodcuts can be removed by the physical bombardment of Ar ions. The 10% additive $Cl_2$ into the Ar/($Ar+CF_4$)gas mixing ratio of 0.8 could enhance the reaction between Cl, F and Ce.