• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1326-1331
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• 1999

In vitro anticancer effect of Chinese cabbage kimchi fractions was investigated by using human cancer cells, AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT 29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The Chinese cabbage kimchi(fermented for 4 days at 15oC) was fractionated into 7 groups, methanol extract, hexane fraction(fr.), methanol soluble fr., dichloromethane fr., ethylacetate fr., butanol fr. and aqueous fr.. Chinese cabbage kimchi fractions inhibited the growth of AGS and HT 29 cancer cells as dose dependent. In particular, the dichloromethane fr. showed the highest inhibitory effect among other fractions. When the dichloromethane fr.(0.2mg/ml) was treated, the number of AGS and HT 29 survival cancer cells reduced to 12$\times$104/ml and 11$\times$104/ml compared to 166$\times$104/ml and 50$\times$104/ml of the controls, respectively. Chinese cabbage kimchi fractions also inhibited the DNA synthesis of the cancer cells. They inhibited the DNA synthesis of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells more efficiently than that of HT 29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. These results indicate that Chinese cabbage kimchi fractions show in vitro anticancer activity and the dichloromethane fr. among them reveals the highest effect.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.19.1-19.12
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of the Hall technique (HT) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement for the management of occlusal carious lesions in primary molars. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical study observed 40 children (aged 5-6 years). For each child, one tooth was treated with HT and one with ART. The primary outcome measures for HT restorations were successful, minor, and major failure rates. Clinical evaluations of ART restorations were performed according to the modified United States Public Health Service criteria during 18-month follow-up. McNemar test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty of 40 (75%) participants returned for 18 months of follow-up. In the clinical evaluations of teeth that were treated with HT, the patients did not have complaints of pain or other symptoms, all crowns remained in the oral cavity, the gums were healthy, and the teeth were functional in all evaluations. At the end of the 18-month follow-up, the surface texture and marginal integrity criteria of ART restorations were recorded as 26.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the radiographic evaluation of 30 patients treated with ART and HT, all restorations were considered successful. Conclusions: The 18-month clinical and radiographic results after treatments applied to single-surface cavities in anxious children showed that both treatment methods were successful.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2001

In order to elucidate the biological etiology and the relationship between the ontogenesis of serotonin system and psychopathology in ADHD, plasma serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) were measured and the correlation between the plasma levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and age were evaluated in 46 ADHD patients and 18 control subjects. The ADHD patients were composed of 16 combined type, 10 inattentive type, and 20 hyperactive-impulsive type and the control subjects were communication disorders. The results are summarized as follows：1) There was significant difference in plasma 5-HT levels among combined, inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive and control subjects(ANOVA F=4.33, df 3, 60, p<0.05), and post-hoc test using Scheffe method showed significant difference between the combined type and control group. But, post-hoc tests showed no significant differences between combined and inattentive, combined and hyperactive-impulsive, hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and control and inattentive and control groups. 2) There was no significant differences in plasma 5-HIAA levels among the combined, hyperactive- impulsive, inattentive and control groups(ANOVA F=2.08, df 3, 60, p>0.05). 3) Significant difference in 5-HT level was found between the whole ADHD group(N=46) and the control group(N=18)(T=3.10, df 62, p<0.05). But no significant difference in 5-HIAA level was found between the whole ADHD group and the control group(T=1.90, df 62, p>0.05). 4) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with TOVA findings(5-HT：omission pearson correlation 0.10, commision 0.23, reaction time 0.01, variability in attention 0.11, all p>0.05, 5-HIAA：omission 0.21, commision 0.15, reaction time 0.09, variability in attention 0.15, all p>0.05). 5) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity based on DSM-IV criteria. 6) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with age both in ADHD and control group. These findings show that decreased plasma 5-HT level may play a role in the genesis of ADHD, but this finding has no significant correlation with the psychopathology of ADHD. And we could not find any significant differences in ontogenetic processes in 5-HT. Future studies should be focused on the drug effects, family history and prognosis based on the biochemical subtypes(high and low 5-HT group).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.170-170
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• 1998

In order to discover new types of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists, we have devoted our attention to investigating naturally occurring compounds having anti-5HT activity in vitro. Recently, ${\gamma}$-mangostin [1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methyl-2-bytenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one] from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana Linn has been shown to be a selective antagonist for 5-hydroxytryptamine$_{2A}$ receptors in smooth muscle and platelets. It is of interesting that y-mangostin which does not have a nitrogen atom, possesses marked 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor blocking activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ${\gamma}$-mangostin on central 5-HT receptors by using animal behavioural models. Intracerebronventricular injection of ${\gamma}$-mangostin (10-40n mol/mouse) inhibited 5-fluoro-${\alpha}$-methyltryptamin (5-FMT) (45 mg kg$^{-1}$, i.p.)-induced head-twitch response in mice in the presence or absence of citalopram (5-HT-uptake inhibitor). Neither the 5-FMT- nor the 8-hydroxy-2-( di-n-propylamino )tetralin (5-HT$_{1A}$-agonist)-induced 5-HT syndrome (head weaving and hindlimb abduction) was affected by ${\gamma}$-mangostin. The locomotor activity stimulated by 5-FMT through the activation of at-adrenoceptors did not alter in the presence of ${\gamma}$-mangostin. 5-HT-induced inositol phosphates accumulation in mouse brain slices was abolished by ketanserin. ${\gamma}$-Mangostin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the inositol phosphates accumulation and the binding of [$^3H$]-spiperone, a specific 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor antagonist, to mouse brain membranes. Kinetic analysis of the [$^H3$]-spiperone binding revealed that ${\gamma}$-mangostin increased the $_{d}$ value without affecting the $B_{max}$ value, indicating the mode of the competitive nature of the inhibition by ${\gamma}$-mangostin. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-mangostin inhibits 5-FMT-induced head-twitch response in mice by blocking 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptors not by blocking the release of 5-HT from the central neurone. ${\gamma}$-Mangostin is a promising 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptors antagonist in the central nervous system.m.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1827-1834
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• 2014

Colon cancer is the third highest cause of death in Korea. Known dietary causes of colon cancer include a diet rich in fat and red meat as well as inadequate intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables. Therefore, recent research has focused on the anticancer effects of natural products. Opuntia humifusa is a type of prickly pear that is known to contain biologically active compounds that can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not O. humifusa extract affects proliferation, cell death, and DNA fragmentation in human carcinoma HT-29 cells. O. humifusa is rich in carbohydrates, minerals (Mg, K, and Ca), and total phenolics. HT-29 cells were treated with extracts of O. humifusa at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL for 24 or 48 hours. O. humifusa extracts inhibited HT-29 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Hoechst 33342/PI double staining and Comet assay were performed to observe changes in nuclei of cancer cells undergoing cell death. The results of both tests showed that O. humifusa extract induced cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation dose-dependently in HT-29 cells. The results of this study suggest that O. humifusa extract inhibits the growth of HT-29 via induction of DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

Puroose: We examined whether intratumoral (i.t.) administration of dendritic cells (DCs) into a treated tumor could induce local and systemic antitumor effects in a mouse tumor model. Methods and Materials: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. in the right and left thighs with MCA-102 fibrosarcoma cells on day 0 and on day 7, respectively. On day 7, the tumors (usually 6 mm in diameter) on the right thigh were heated by immersing the tumor-bearing leg in a circulating water bath at $43^{\circ}C$ for 30 min; thereafter, the immature DCs were i.t administered to the right thigh tumors. This immunization procedure was repeated on days 7, 14 and 21. The tumors in both the right and left thighs were measured every 7 days and the average sizes were determined by applying the following formula, tumor $size=0.5{\times}(length+width)$. Cytotoxicity assay was done to determine tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Results: Hyperthermia induced apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in tumor occurred maximally after 6 hr. For the local treated tumor, hyperthermia (HT) alone inhibited tumor growth compared with the untreated tumors (p<0.05), and furthermore, the i.t. administered DCs combined with hyperthermia (HT + DCs) additively inhibited tumor growth compared with HT alone (p<0.05). On the distant untreated tumor, HT alone significantly inhibited tumor growth (p<0.05), and also HT + DCs potently inhibited tumor growth (p<0.001); however, compared with HT alone, the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, HT + DCs induced strong cytotoxicity of the splenocytes against tumor cells compared to DCs or HT alone. Conclusion: HT + DCs induced apoptosis and increased the expression of HSPs, and so this induced a potent local and systemic antitumor response in tumor-bearing mice. This regimen may be beneficial for the treatment of human cancers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.657-664
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• 1997

The effects of adenosine, adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX), or NMDA receptor antagonist (APV) on the spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine$ ($[^3H]-5-HT$) during normoxic/normoglycemic or hypoxic/hypoglycemic period were studied in the rat hippocampal slices. The hippocampus was obtained from the rat brain and sliced $400\;{\mu}m$ thickness with the tissue slicer. After 30 min's preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 30 min in a buffer containing $[^3H]-5-HT$ ($0.1\;{\mu}M,\;74{\mu}Ci/8\;ml$) for uptake, and washed. To measure the release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained off and refilled every ten minutes through sequence of 14 tubes. Induction of glucose/oxygen deprivation (GOD; medium depleting glucose and gassed with 95% $N_2/5%\;CO_2$) was done in 6th and 7th tube. The radioactivities in each buffer and the tissue were counted using liquid scintillation counter and the results were expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivities. When slices were exposed to GOD for 20 mins, the spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ was markedly increased and this increase of $[^3H]-5-HT$ release was blocked by adenosine ($10\;{\mu}M$) or DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; $30\;{\mu}M$). Adenosine $A_1$ receptor specific antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) exacerbate GOD-induced increase of spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$. These results suggest that Adenosine may play a role in the GOD-induced spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ through adenosine $A_1$ receptor activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1270-1278
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• 2015

In vitro anticancer effects of black soybean doenjang on HT-29 human colon cancer cells were studied. SD (soybean doenjang prepared with nine-time baked bamboo salt) and BD (black soybean doenjang prepared with nine-time baked bamboo salt) were compared with CD (commercial doenjang). There were no significant differences between experimental groups in terms of pH, amino-type nitrogen, and ammonia-type nitrogen levels of the doenjang samples. BD showed the highest antioxidative effect, followed by SD and CD in that order. BD also showed the highest total polyphenol concentration of all samples. CD, SD, and BD extracts showed no toxic effects on normal RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL. BD exhibited anticancer effect on HT-29 cells by MTT assay. Also, BD manipulated mRNA expressions in certain factors; it suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and COX-2, promoted cell-cycle-related genes of p21, and p53, suppressed expression of cyclin D1, and suppressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2; such manipulation by BD was the strongest, followed by SD and CD in order. From the results above, BD exhibited the highest anticancer effects by inhibiting growth of HT-29 cells, probably by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell cycling related genes, etc. These results might be due to using black soybeans containing high levels of polyphenol, including anthocyanins.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2018

A bacterial strain capable of metabolizing myo-inositol (MI) and converting to other substances was isolated from soil of orchard. The isolate, named YB-46, was grown on minimal medium supplemented with MI as the sole carbon source and was presumed to belonging to genus Enterobacter according to the 16S rDNA sequence. Escherichia coli transformant converting MI into unknown metabolites was selected from a metagenomic library prepared with fosmid pCC1FOS vector. Plasmid was isolated from the transformant, and the inserted gene was partially sequenced. From the nucleotide sequence, an iolG gene was identified to encode myo-inositol dehydrogenase (IolG) consisting of 336 amino residues. The IolG showed amino acid sequence similarity of about 50% with IolG of Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis. The His-tagged IolG (HtIolG) fused with hexahistidine at C-terminus was produced and purified from cell extract of recombinant E. coli. The purified HtIolG showed maximal activity at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.5 with the highest activity for MI and D-glucose, and more than 90% of maximal activity for D-chiro-inositol, D-mannitol and D-xylose. $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of the HtIolG for MI were 1.83 mM and $0.724{\mu}mol/min/mg$ under the optimal reaction condition, respectively. The activity of HtIolG was increased 1.7 folds by $Zn^{2+}$, but was significantly inhibited by $Co^{2+}$ and SDS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.659-663
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• 2006

The extracts of Plocamium telfairiae using several solvents with different polarities were prepared and their growth inhibitory effects were examined on the human cancer cells. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of P. telfairiae extracts on HT-29 cells by the MTT reduction assay and examining the morphological change under the inverted microscope. Among three extracts, the methanol extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of HT-29 cells. The methanol extract was further fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous for purifying crude methanol extract. The n-hexane layer among the fractioned layers showed remarkable inhibitory activity on the growth of HT-29 cells. Moreover n-hexane layer showed the notable growth inhibition effects with a dose-dependent manner against SW620, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells as well as HT-29 cells. These results indicated that P. telfairiae extracts may be contained bioactive materials with inhibitory effect on the growth of human cancer cells.