• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2017

Skin aging is a complex biological process due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Free radical oxidative is one of extrinsic factors that induce activation of collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase. Natural product from plants has been used as antioxidant and antiaging. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antiaging properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and its compounds including myricetin, ascorbic acid, and ${\beta}$ carotene. The phytochemical of H. sabdariffa was determined using modified Farnsworth method and presence of phenols, flavonoids and tannins were in moderate content, whereas triterpenoids and alkaloids were in low content. Total phenolic content performed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, was $23.85{\mu}gGAE/mg$. Quantitative analysis of myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$, and ascorbic acid of HSE was performed with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) that shows $78.23{\mu}g/mg$ myricetin, $0.034{\mu}g/mg$ ${\beta}-carotene$, whilst ascorbic acid was not detected. HSE has lower activity on DPPH ($IC_{50}=195.73{\mu}g/mL$) compared to ${\beta}-carotene$, the lowest in ABTS assay ($IC_{50}=74.58{\mu}g/mL$) and low activity in FRAP assay ($46.24{\mu}MFe(II)/{\mu}g\;$) compared to myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$. Antiaging was measured through inhibitory activity of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. HSE had weakest collagenase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=750.33{\mu}g/mL$), elastase inhibitory activity ($103.83{\mu}g/mL$), hyaluronidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=619.43{\mu}g/mL$) compared to myricetin, ${\beta}-carotene$, and ascorbic acid. HSE contain higher myricetin compared to ${\beta}-carotene$. HSE has moderate antioxidants and lowest antiaging activities. Myricetin is the most active both antioxidant and antiaging activities.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.74-92
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• 2005

Objectives/Methods : To analyze the effect of Injinchunggantang(IJCGT) to Interferon-${\alpha}/{\beta}$ signal transmission system in HepG2 cells, HepG2 Cell were treated with IJCGT. Also, revelation of MxA, 2'5'-OAS mRNA leaded by Interferon-${\alpha}/{\beta}$ and revelation and activation of Jak1, TYK1, and STAT 1, all main signal transmission factors, were analyzed. Results : The analysis resulted in the following 1. With interferon ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ there was no affect cell propagation of Hep G2 cells. With IJCGT alone, cell propagation of HepG2 was promoted, and cell propagation control function was recovered. 2. With interferon ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ cell death was unaffected. With IJCGT apoptosis of HepG2 cell was restrained, and the cell's reaction to interferon was unaffected. 3. With interferon ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ treatment mRNA revelation of MxA and 2'5'-OAS was induced. When HepG2 cells were injected with IJCGT without interferon ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ treatment, mRNA revelation of MxA and 2'5'-OAS increased in proportion to the treatment density. With pre-treatment of IJCGT, leaded with interferon ${\alpha}/{\beta}$, promoted revelation of MxA, 2'5' -OAS mRNA. 4. Though mRNA revelation of lakl, TYK1 and STAT1 was unaffected with IJCGT, activation of STAT1 was promoted with an increase of phosphorylation of STAT1 protein. With pre-treatment of IJCGT, Jak1, TYK2, STAT1 phosphorylation, leaded with interferon, strengthened. 5. TNF-a, IL-1b and LPS present, revelation of MxA and 2'5'-OAS mRNA leaded by interferon was restrained when HepG2 cells were treated with IJCGT, and the interferon signal transmission system restraint action leaded by inflammatory cytokines was moderated. Conclusion : These results support a role for IJGCT in promotion of anti-virus action through maintainance of the liver's sensibility toward interferon. A clinical study of an interferon treated patient treated also with IJGCT is needed to determine its efficacy.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.906-912
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• 2016

${\beta}$-Glucan은 효모나 버섯의 세포벽이나 곡물의 섬유에 들어있는 천연 화합물이며, 면역 시스템을 활성화 한다고 알려져 있다. Aureobasidium pullulans 수용성의 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 A. pullulans 로부터 생성된 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan의 면역활성에 관한 효과를 조사하기 위하여, 면역활성에 관여하는 NK 세로의 활성과 대식세포에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. NK 세포에 의한 Yac-1 세포의 사멸율은 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 처리한 군은 처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 63-39% 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 대식세포의 탐식작용은 zymosan을 처리한 군보다 15-21% 증가함을 보였다. LP-BM5 바이러스 복제 억제능을 확인하기 위하여 SC-1/LP-BM5 세포주에 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 처리한 결과 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 처리에서 LP-BM5 바이러스 복제능이 최대 74% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과는 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan이 면역활성에 관여하는 NK 세포와 대식세포를 활성화하여 면역체계가 민감하게 반응할 수 있도록 만들고, LP-BM5 바이러스 복제를 억제하여 면역력을 증진할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2006

본 연구는 칼슘 급원으로서 $\beta-glucan-egg$ shell calcium complex($\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체)의 유효성을 확인하여 칼슘 보충제 개발에 활용하고자 실시하였다. 신령버섯에서 추출한 $\beta-glucan$과 난각의 Ca을 결합시켜 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체로 제조하여 골다공증 실험동물에서 $\beta-glucan$ 및 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체가 골 대사에 미치는 효과를 비교하였다. 10주령의 Sprague-Dewley 암컷 흰쥐의 양쪽 난소를 절제(OVX)한 후 실험식 이를 급여하였으며 Sham-대조군(Sham-C)은 실험군과 동일한 스트레스를 주기 위해 난소를 절제하지 않고 개복수술만 실시한 후 실험하였다. 식이조성은 Sham-C, OVX-대조군(OVX-C)와 $OVX-\beta-glucan$군(OVX-G)은 $CaCO_3$로 Ca 함량이 0.5%가 되도록 조정하였으며, OYX-G군은 $\beta-glucan$을 첨가하여 제공하였다. $OVX-\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체군(OVX-GE)은 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체의 Ca 농도가 0.5% 함유하도록 조정하여 실험식이를 각각 조제하여 6주간 급여하였다. 체중 100 g당 건조시킨 대퇴골의 무게는 Sham-C>OVX-GE>OVX-C와 OVX-G의 순으로 나타나 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체를 제공한 OVX-GE에서 다른 OVX군에 비해 상대적으로 골 무게가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 대퇴골의 골밀도는 각 군 간의 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 Sham-C에 비해 $\beta-glucan$을 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 골밀도가 상대적으로 높은 수준을 보였고 특히 OVX-GE에서 가장 높은 골밀도를 보였다. Ca체내 흡수율과 보유량은 각 군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 OVX-C가 Sham-C에 비해 높았으며 OVX군에서는 $\beta-glucan$를 첨가한 군이 높은 수준을 보였다. ALP의 활성은 OVX군에서는 $\beta-glucan$을 첨가한 군이 다소 낮은 경향을 보였다. 요 중의 골 흡수 지표인 DPD crosslink value는 각 군 간의 유의적인 차이를 보였고 OVX군의 DPD crosslink value가 Sham-C에 비해 현저하게 높은 수준으로 나타나 OVX군의 골 흡수가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. OVX군에서 $\beta-glucan$을 첨가한 식이를 제공한 OVX-G와 OYX-GE의 DPD crosslink value가 OVX-C에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었으며 $\beta-glucan$이 난소 절제 흰쥐 모델에서 골 대사에 영향을 미쳐 골 흡수율을 낮추어 골 보호효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 볼 때, 비록 $\beta-glucan$을 제공한 군과 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체를 제공한 두 군 간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 난소절제 흰쥐모델의 골 대사에서 $\beta-glucan-Ca$복합체 형태가 골다공증 예방을 위한 기능성 식품으로서의 가능성을 보여주었으며, 앞으로 골다공증 예방을 위한 $\beta-glucan-Ca$ 복합체 형태의 효과적인 농도는 계속적으로 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

In this paper we introduce the concept of fuzzy ${\beta}-compact^*$ spaces. Besides giving some interesting properties of fuzzy ${\beta}-compact^*$ spaces we also give a characterization on fuzzy $\beta$-compact spaces by making use of newly introduced concept of fuzzy $\beta$-filters.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2006

For the Briot-Bouquet differential equations of the form given in [1] $${{\mu}(z)+\frac {z{\mu}'(z)}{z\frac {f'(z)}{f(z)}\[\alpha{\mu}(z)+\beta]}=g(z)$$ we can reduce them to $${{\mu}(z)+F(z)\frac {v'(z)}{v(z)}=h(z)$$ where $$v(z)=\alpha{\mu}(z)+\beta,\;h(z)={\alpha}g(z)+\beta\;and\;F(z)=f(z)/f'(z)$$. In this paper we are going to give conditions in order that if u and v satisfy, respectively, the equations (1) $${{\mu}(z)+F(z)\frac {v'(z)}{v(z)}=h(z)$$, $${{\mu}(z)+G(z)\frac {v'(z)}{v(z)}=g(z)$$ with certain conditions on the functions F and G applying the concept of strong subordination $g\;\prec\;\prec\;h$ given in [2] by the author, implies that $v\;\prec\;{\mu},\;where\;\prec$ indicates subordination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2011

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and ${\beta}$-arrestins have been known as regulators of G protein-coupled receptors. However, it has been recently reported that GRKs and ${\beta}$-arrestins mediate receptor-mediated cellular responses in a G proteinin-dependent manner. In this scheme, GRKs work as a mediator or a scaffold protein. Among 7 members of the GRK family (GRK1-GRK7), GRK2 is the most extensively studied in vitro and in vivo. GRK2 is involved in cellular migration, insulin signaling, and cardiovascular disease. GRK6 in concert with ${\beta}$-arrestin 2 mediates chemoattractant-stimulated chemotaxis of T and B lymphocytes. GRK5 shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus, and regulates the activities of transcription factors. GRK3 and GRK4 do not seem to have striking effects on cellular responses other than receptor regulation. GRK1 and GRK7 play specific roles in regulation of rhodopsin function. In this review, these newly discovered functions of GRKs are briefly described.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2011

Using tetrameric ${\beta}$-galactosidase as a model protein, anchoring motives were screened in Bacillus subtilis spore display system. Eleven spore coat proteins were selected considering their expression levels and the location in the spore coat layer. After chromosomal single-copy homologous integration in the amyE site of Bacillus subtilis chromosome, cotE and cotG were chosen as possible spore surface anchoring motives with their higher whole cell ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity. PAGE and Wester blot of extracted fraction of outer layer of purified spore, which express CotE-LacZ or CotG-LacZ fusion verified the existence of exact size of fusion protein and its location in outer coat layer of purified spore. ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of spore with CotE-LacZ or CotG-LacZ fusion reached its highest value around 16~20 h of culture time in terms of whole cell and purified spore. After intensive spore purification with lysozyme treatment and renografin treatment, spore of BJH135, which expresses CotE-LacZ, retained only 1~2% of its whole cell ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity. Whereas spore of BJH136, which has cotG-lacZ cassette in the chromosome, retained 10~15% of its whole cell ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity, proving minor perturbation of CotG-LacZ, when incorporated in the spore coat layer of Bacillus subtilis compared to CotE-LacZ. Usage of Bacillus subtilis WB700, of which 7 proteases are knocked-out and thereby resulting in 99.7% decrease in protease activity of the host, did not prevent the proteolytic degradation of spore surface expressed CotG-LacZ fusion protein.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2016

Grateloupia elliptica has been reported to have the proliferation effect of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which play important roles in the regulation of hair cycle. In the present study, we examined in vitro and in vivo hair growth-promoting effect of Grateloupia elliptica. When isolated rat vibrissa follicles were treated with extract of G. elliptica, the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles significantly increased. Furthermore, the G. elliptica extract accelerated the telogen-angen transition in C57BL/6 mice. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the G. elliptica extract on the proliferation of DPCs, we examined the activation of $wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling which is known to regulate hair follicle development, differentiation and hair growth. The G. elliptica extract activated $wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling via the increase of ${\beta}$-catenin and phospho-$GSK3{\beta}$. In addition, the G. elliptica extract increased the level of cyclin E and CDK2, while the level of $p27^{kip1}$ was decreased. These results suggest that the the G. elliptica extract may induce hair growth by proliferation of DPCs via cell-cycle progression and the activation of $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

갈조류 유래 alginate 성분은 간이식술에 있어서 cell microencapsulation시키는 matrix로써 임상적인 응용이 시도되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 alginate의 간세포에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위하여, 간세포를 자극하는 NO, iNOS, TGF-${\beta}1$, IL-$1{\beta}$의 분비 및 발현량을 측정하였으며, 실험 결과 모두 증가시켰다. Alginate가 간세포를 자극하여 이러한 요소들을 증가시키는 것은 간염 및 간섬유화 등의 간질환을 일으킬 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하고 있으며, 이러한 결과는 간에 적용하는 alginate를 사용시에는 안전성이 요구되는 농도 조절 및 alginate의 자극 효과를 억제할 수 있는 새로운 재료의 첨가 등에 대한 고려를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.