• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1312-1320
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• 1998

실험재료는 시중에서 판매되는 우육(등심) 부위를 이용하였으며, 생육 시료의 함기포장과 진공포장은 폴리에틸렌 필름을 이용하였고, 전자선 조사(0, 1, 2, kGy)를 실시한 후 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 냉장실에서 보관하면서 저장기간 별(0, 7, 14일) 실험에 사용하였다. 가열 시료는 oven에서 육 내부가 $70^{\circ}C$가 될 때까지 가열한 다음 함기 포장과 진공포장을 즉시 실시한 후 생육 시료와 같은 조건으로 전자선 조사를 실시한 다음 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 냉장실에서 보관하면서 생육 시료와 같은 저장기간별 콜레스테롤 산화물의 발생 종류와 발생량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가열하지 않은 우육 등심의 함기 포장에서는 $7{\alpha}-hydroxycholesterol,\;{\beta}-epoxide,\;7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$, 7-ketocholesterol이 $0.5{\mu}g/g$ 이상 발생하였으며, 전 저장기간 동안 cholestanetriol과 ${\alpha}-epoxide$은 극소량($0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ 이하)발생하였다. 가열하지 않은 우육 등심의 진공포장에서는 전 저장기간 동안 $7{\alpha}-hydroxycholesterol$, 7-ketocholesterol, cholestanetriol과 ${\alpha}-epoxide$은 극소량$(0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ 이하) 발생하였다. 우육 등심을 가열한 후 함기포장에서는 전 저장기간 동안 cholestanetriol과 ${\alpha}-epoxide$은 극소량$(0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ 이하)였지만, $7{\alpha}-hydroxycholesterol\;(1.53{\sim}26.81),\;{\beta}-epoxide\;(1.07{\sim}5.23),\;7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol\;(40.64{\sim}101.30)$, 7-ketocholesterol $(7.16{\sim}33.91)$. 모든 결과에서 처리구에 따른 콜레스테롤 산화물의 전체 발생량은 조사 수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전체 발생량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai) 꽃 부위를 이용하여 항산화 활성, 암세포 억제 효과, 항당뇨 활성, 항비만 활성, 항염 활성 효과를 평가하였다. 항산화 활성 검정을 위해 참당귀 꽃의 물과 에탄올 추출물에 대하여 DPPH radical scavenging을 측정한 결과 $IC_{50}$ 값이 각각 3,535, 105.0 ${\mu}g/mL$로 나타났으며, 대조구로 쓰인 ascorbic acid는 12.7 ${\mu}g/mL$을 나타냈다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 에탄올 추출물(48.43${\pm}$0.18 mg/g)이 물 추출물(39.03${\pm}$0.69 mg/g)보다 높았고, 총 플라보노이드 함량도 에탄올 추출물(67.02${\pm}$4.38 mg/g)이 물 추출물(50.32${\pm}$1.24 mg/g)보다 높음을 알 수 있었다. 항당뇨 활성을 위해 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase와 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 참당귀 꽃 에탄올 추출물에서는 acarbose 대비 약 34.45%의 낮은 활성 저해 효과를 나타내었고, ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성 저해 효과는 에탄올 추출물이 acarbose 대비 23.62%의 낮은 활성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. Pancreatic lipase에 대한 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 참당귀 꽃 물 추출물은 16.76%의 낮은 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 항암 및 항염 활성 측정 결과 모두 활성이 없거나 낮은 수준이었다. 이러한 결과 참당귀 꽃 추출물은 항산화 관련 기능성 소재로의 활용가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7243-7249
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• 2013

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding association between TNF-${\alpha}$ and oral cancer risk, but the results remain controversial. The present meta-analysis is performed to acquire a more precise estimation of relationships. Databases of Pubmed, the Cochrane library and the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were retrieved until August 10, 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with fixed- or random-effect models. The heterogeneity assumption was assessed by I-squared test. Among the eight included case-control studies, all were focused on TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A and four also concerned the TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A polymorphism. It was found that oral cancer risk were significant decreased with the TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A polymorphism in the additive genetic model (GG vs. AA, OR=0.19, 95% CI: [0.04, 1.00], P=0.05, I2=68.9%) and the dominant genetic model (GG+GA vs. AA, OR=0.22, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.82], P=0.03, I2=52.4%); however, no significant association was observed in allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=0.70, 95% CI: [0.23, 2.16], P=0.54, I2=95.9%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=0.72, 95% CI: [0.33, 1.57], P=0.41, I2=93.1%). For the TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A polymorphism, significant associations with oral cancer risk were found in the allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=2.75, 95% CI: [1.25, 6.04], P=0.01, I2=0.0%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=2.23, 95%CI: [1.18, 4.23], P=0.01, I2=0.0%). Conclusively, this meta-analysis indicates that TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of oral cancer. Allele G and the GG+GA genotype of TNF-${\alpha}$-308G>A may decrease the risk of oral cancer, while allele G and the GG genotype of TNF-${\alpha}$-238G>A may cause an increase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.574-580
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• 2009

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}$-Melanocyte stimulation hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP-elevating agents are known to melanin syntheisis and dendrite outgrowth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by ethanol extract of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba. In the present study, ${\alpha}$-MSH led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, the ethanol extract of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba inhibited the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced tyrosinase activity and melanin content. In control conditions, B16/F10 cells displayed a fibroblastic appearance while ${\alpha}$-MSH treatment promoted the emergence of small and numerous dendrites from the plasma membrane. The ethanol extract of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba abolished the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase were increased after incubation with ${\alpha}$-MSH. The treatment of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba ethanol extract decreased the ${\alpha}$-MSH expression levels of tyrosinase. Based on these findings, it is likely that the ethanol extract of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

Purpose: Glehnia littoralis has been used to treat ischemic stroke, phlegm, cough, systemic paralysis, antipyretics and neuralgia. The pharmacological mechanisms of Glehnia littoralis include calcium channel block, coumarin derivatives, anticoagulation, anti-convulsive effect, as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Alpha-amanitin (${\alpha}$-amanitin) is a major toxin from extremely poisonous Amanita fungi. Oxidative stress, which may contribute to severe hepatotoxicity was induced by ${\alpha}$-amanitin. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Glehnia littoralis ethyl acetate extract (GLEA) has the protective antioxidant effects on ${\alpha}$-amanitin -induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells were pretreated in the presence or absence of GLEA (50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$) for 4 hours, then exposed to $60{\mu}mol/L$ of${\alpha}$-amanitin for an additional 4 hours. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT method. AST, ALT, and LDH production in a culture medium and intracellular MDA, GSH, and SOD levels were determined. Results: GLEA (50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$) significantly increased the relative cell viability by 7.11, 9.87, and 14.39%, respectively, and reduced the level of ALT by 10.39%, 34.27%, and 52.14%, AST by 9.89%, 15.16%, and 32.84%, as well as LDH by 15.86%, 22.98%, and 24.32% in culture medium, respectively. GLEA could also remarkably decrease the level of MDA and increase the content of GSH and SOD in the HepG2 cells. Conclusion: In the in vitro model, Glehnia littoralis was effective in limiting hepatic injury after ${\alpha}$-amanitin poisoning. Its antioxidant effect is attenuated by antidotal therapy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

왕고들빼기 신품종 선향과 야생종의 수확시기별 일반성분, 무기질, 항산화, 항당뇨, 항염 효과를 측정하였다. 수분 함량은 6월 수확된 선향 잎이 90.5%로 가장 높았으며, 8월 수확된 야생종에서 단백질은 4.8%, 조섬유는 2.7%로 가장 높았다. 칼륨은 선향과 야생종 잎에서 626~684 mg/100 g으로 수확시기별 큰 차이가 없었다. 칼슘은 8월 수확 선향 잎에서 350 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 인은 8월 수확 야생종에서 123 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 6월 수확된 야생종 잎에서 총 폴리페놀은 59.8 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드는 125.8 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 6월 수확된 선향과 야생종 잎의 에탄올 추출물에서 약 94%로 가장 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 저해 활성은 7월에 수확된 선향 잎의 물 추출물에서 94.8%로 가장 높았다. NO 생성 저해 활성은 6월 수확된 선향과 야생종 잎의 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 14.3, $16.8{\mu}M$로 LPS 단독처리에 비해 NO 생성 저해 효과를 보였다. 따라서 선향 잎은 야생종에 비해 칼슘 함량과 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해 활성이 높았으며, 이러한 선향 잎의 영양 기능성을 활용한 다양한 가공품 개발이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2005

Experimental studies have demonstrated that the triple combination of amantadine (A)/ ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, U)/ biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB, D) might have a preferential antiviral effect compared with that observed in interferon-induced antiviral signal pathways, such as those of $STAT1\alpha$ and the 6-16 genes. To confirm the results, this study examined whether th signal transduction for the antiviral activity in HepG2 2.2.15 was induced dependently or independently of interferon. To accomplish this, the correlation between the $STAT1\alpha$ and 6-16 genes, and nitric oxide, for the mediation of the antiviral activity was assessed. The increase in nitric oxide in the UDCA groups suggests that the inhibition of viral gene replication was enhanced by the amantadine combinations (AU and AUD), and might be more effective if incubated for longer periods. It was found that $STAT1\alpha$ was activated by the amantadine combination, although to a lesser extent than that of $interferon-\alpha$, and the primary endpoints examined for the inhibition of gene expression (HBsAg and HBcAg) were remarkably well regulated. This suggests that the amantadine triple, or at least the double, combination had better clinical benefits than those of $IFN-\alpha$ and the nucleoside analogue single treatment. This demonstrates that the amantadine combination might be a substitute for the existing HBV therapy if the results of in vivo and in vitro studies concur.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of Rumex axetosella, Sonchus oleraceus and Euphoibia jolkini extracts on tyrosinase activity and melanin production as natural products of whitening functional cosmetics. To measure the melanin production, 50, 100, $200{\mu}g/mL$ of Rumex axetosella, Sonchus oleraceus and Euphoibia jolkini extracts were treated on ${\alpha}-MSH$ treated B16F10 melanoma cells, respectively. Melanin contents in ${\alpha}-MSH$ treated B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by 41.5, 51.11, and 61% in $200{\mu}g/mL$ treatment compared to none treatment, respectively. In addition, the intracellular tyrosinase activity was decreased after treatments with all extracts. Furthermore, $100{\mu}g/mL$ of Euphoibia jolkini extract was decreased 81.5% of melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells. When the three extracts were compared, Euphoibia jolkini extract was considered to be the most functional material for whitening effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1995

As a first step for developing Lactobacillus strains capable of fermenting starch directly, the $\alpha$-amylase gene (amyL) from Bacillus licheniformis (Kim et al., 1988. Kor. J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioeng. 16: 369-373) was introduced into Lactobacillus casei strains and the level of $\alpha$-amylase expression in transformants was examined. 3 kb EcoRI fragments encompassing amyL were subcloned into the suitable lactococcal cloning vectors (pSA3, pMG36e, and p1L2530) and then recombinant plasmids were introduced into E. coli and L. casei strains by electroporation. Only one recombinant plasmid, $pIL2530\alpha$ was able to transform few L. casei strains tested at low efficiencies. The transformation efficiencies with the plasmid into L. casei YIT 9018 and L. casei A Tee 4646 were less than $10^2/\mu$ g pIL2530\alpha$. The level of amylase activities in L. casei was five to ten-fold lower than that in E. coli cells. $p1L2530\alpha$ was stably maintained in Lactobacillus strains in the presence of Em (5 $\mu $g/ml) but without antibiotic selection, it was unstable so more than 95$%$ of cells lost plasmids after a week of daily subculturing.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1456-1461
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• 2007

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}-melanocyte$-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by methanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). In the present study, ${\alpha}-MSH$ and forskolin led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, RCM inhibited the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced melanin synthesis. In addition, RCM abolished the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were increased after incubation with α-MSH and forskolin. The treatment of RCM decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. Based on these findings, it is likely that RCM exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.