• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2009

For preparation of high-quality salted mackerel using enzymatic extracts from Ecklonia cava (EEC) to process fresh mackerel caught off Jeju Island, the optimal concentration of EEC was investigated. There were no differences in proximate composition, salinity, Escherichia coli level, pH, volatile basic nitrogen content, histamine level, or peroxide value between salted mackerel samples prepared with different concentrations of EEC. However, the antiradical properties of salted mackerel, assayed by scavenging of DPPH free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and alkyl radicals, increased with increasing concentrations of EEC. The optimal concentration of EEC for preparation of high-quality salted mackerel was 2% (w/w). Salted mackerel soaked in 2% (w/w) EEC was superior to commercial salted mackerel in antiradical properties, biogenic amine content, and other relevant chemical properties.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is verification of the anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect of Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum composed of 8 herbs (Solanum melongena L., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica gigas Nakai., Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao., Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis., Forsythia suspensa Vahl) to confirm the possibilities as useful cosmetic material. We used the modified prescription of 'cheongyeolsodokum' contained in Korean traditional medical book 'Donguibogam' as composition of Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum and their proportions. Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum were extracted with hot water, 70% ethanol and then powdered. To confirm anti-oxidant effect, we investigated radical scavenging ability (DPPH, $ABTS^+$, superoxide), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, total polyphenolic contents. Also to confirm anti-inflammatory effect, we investigated inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and Inhibition effect of the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (iNOS, COX-2) by western blot analysis. As a result, Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum showed good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation effects, we suggest that it can be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 2012

In this study, the nutritional components and antioxidant activities of boysenberry were investigated. The values of pH, soluble solids, and total acidity were 3.62, $13.436^{\circ}Brix$, and 1.15%, respectively. Hunter L, a, and b values were 20.14, 13.19, and 3.20, respectively. Proximate compositions were as follows: moisture 79.52%, crude protein 1.08%, crude lipid 0.73%, crude fiber 2.51%, ash 0.62%, and nitrogen free extract 15.54%. Mineral contents of boysenberry were K 219.30, P 46.25, and Ca 39.60 mg/100 g. Regarding amino acid contents, boysenberry was very rich in alanine 75.22 mg/100 g and deficient in cystine 2.83 mg/100 g. Free sugar compositions were as follows: glucose (6.91%) and fructose (5.88%). Contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics were 79.52 mg/100 g and 39.20 mg GAE/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of boysenberry extract were 89.11% and 1.31 (absorbance) at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, boysenberry can be utilized as an effective source of functional food substances such as natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.750-759
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• 2010

The bioactive materials (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, minerals, decursin and decursinol angelate) and biological activities (DPPH [$\alpha,\alpha$'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl] free radical scavenging capability, reducing power, and tyrosinase activity) in the extracts of leaf, stem mixture (AGLS), and root (AGR) from Angelica gigas Nakai were examined by using water, hot water and ethanol solvent. The highest extract yield (21.89%) was found in the water extract of AGR. The highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the ethanol extracts of AGLS and AGR were 14.99% and 14.79%. Major minerals of AGLS and AGR were K, Mg, Fe, Na and Ca. Decursin and decursinol angelate were the major ingredients of Angelica gigas, detected at 18.71 and 18.89 min of retention time by HPLC analysis, respectively. The highest concentrations of decursin and decursinol angelate in the Angelica gigas ethanol extract were found in root ($41.7\;{\mu}g/g$) and leaf ($34.04\;{\mu}g/g$). The highest free radical scavenging activity was found in the hot water extracts of AGLS and AGR, and its activity was stronger in all extracts of AGLS than AGR. The highest reducing power was found in the ethanol extracts of AGLS and AGR and this was dependent on the sample concentration. The hot water extracts of AGLS and AGR revealed the highest inhibition activity on tyrosinase. Overall, these results may provide the basic data needed to understand the biological activities of bioactive materials derived from Angelica gigas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

This study investigated the fermentation effect of Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst. leaf extracts using Hericium ernaceum mycelia to test antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. The antioxidant activities of fermented or non-fermented extracts of T. platycarpum leaves were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. The leaf extract of T. platycarpum showed higher antioxidant activity than extract of fermented leaves. However, ethanolic extract of fermented T. platycarpum leaves decreased levels of nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, fermented leaf extract suppressed protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 cell culture. Therefore, the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of fermented T. platycarpum leaves might be attributed to the molecular conversion of leaf ingredients during fermentation and the active ingredients might have specific affinity with ethanol during extraction.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts from Hypsizygus marmoreus. The Hypsizygus marmoreus was divided into two parts (pileus and stipe) and extracted with methanol. Total polyphenolics and flavonoids in the methanol extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities have been determined for antioxidant activities. The total polyphenolics and flavonoids contents of methanol extract of the pileus were higher than methanol extract of the stipes. The total polyphenolics contents in methanol extracts of the pileus and stipes were 8.7 ug/mg and 5.6 ug/mg, respectively. The total flavonoids contents in methanol extracts of the pileus and stipes were 2.8 ug/mg and 1.4 ug/mg, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was proportional to concentration of methanol extract. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract (200 mg/ml) of pileus (66.9%) and stipe (57.97%) was lower than those of positive control 2% arbutin. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract (20 mg/ml) of pileus and stipes was 52.55% and 30.35%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of methanol extarcts on cell proliferation of B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells were investigated using WST-1 assay (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulphonate) and B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells treated with methanol extract of 200-2,000 ug/ml were higher proliferation rate than those of 0.04% adenosine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.518-528
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• 2005

In the present study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc. Rhizomes-derived materials (on mushroom tyrosinase) were evaluated. The bioactive co mponents of Z. officinale rhizomes were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as zingerone and dehydrozingerone, which exhibited potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. A series of substituted dehydrozingerones [(E)-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones] were prepared in admirable yields by the reaction of appropriate benzaldehydes with acetone and the products were evaluated in terms of variation in the dehydrozingerone structure. The synthetic analogues were examined for their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities to probe the most potent analogue. Compound 26 inhibited Fe$^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate with an IC$_{50}$ = 6.3${\pm}$0.4 ${\mu}$M. In the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quencher assay, compounds 2, 7, 17, 26, 28, and 29 showed radical scavenging activity equal to or higher than those of the standard antioxidants, like ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Compound 27 displayed superior inhibition of tyrosinase activity relative to other examined analogues. Compounds 2, 17, and 26 exhibited non-competitive inhibition against oxidation of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). From the present study, it was observed that both number and position of hydroxyl groups on aromatic ring and a double bond between C-3 and C-4 played a critical role in exerting the antioxidant and antityrosinase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative effects and active component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Prunella vulgaris L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($15.25{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($8.68{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction ($8.25{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($4.68{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($1.00{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction($1.02{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. In the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes, extract/fractions of P. vulgaris L. were increased in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}_{50}$ of aglycone fraction at concentrations of $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 337.9 min. It's showed nine times higher (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.7min$) as typical antioxidant in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of P. vulgaris L. In ethyl acetate fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin 3-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) were identified. In aglycone fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol were identified. These results indicated that extract/fraction of P. vulgaris L. is may be used in cosmetics industry as natural antioxidants by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenarnide), a major pungent component of hot pepper, is known to exert antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of capsaicin against chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative damage in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighting 230~250 g were treated with chemical carcinogens such as 2-nitropropane (2NP) or n-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) after (or before) the administration of capsaicin at doses of 0.5, 1,5 mg/kg. The level of lipid peroxidation in rat liver was estimated by measuring the amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The degree of oxidative DNA damage was evacuated by measuring a DNA adduct, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in urine. Antioxidative activities of capsaicin and its metabolites in vitro were determined by the measurement of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), a radical quencher. Significant inhibition of 2-NP induced lipid peroxidation was observed in the liver of the rat when treated with capsaicin. MNNG-induced urinary excretion of 8-OHdG was decreased by capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin and its metabolites inhibited net only the formation of free radicals, but also lipid peroxidation in vitro. Our results show that capsaicin may function as a free radical scavenger against chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative cellular damage in vivo. The observed antioxidative activities of capsaicin may play an important role in the process of chemoprevention.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.823-829
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• 2017

To increase the shelf-life of strawberry, samples were treated with two gel packs containing slow-released chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas at 3~5 ppm for 6 days at room temperature and the changes in the major chemical components (ascorbic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin) contents and antioxidative activities (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and metal chelating activity) were investigated. The content of ascorbic acid of control was 40.38 mg% and contained 35.67~44.75 mg% during 6 days. There was no tendency to increase or decrease during storage period. The contents of ascorbic acid of control and 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were not significantly different during storage period. The content of polyphenol compounds of initial stage was 111.23 mg% and contained 117.78~132.40 mg% during 6 days. The contents of polyphenol compounds of 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were 103.51~130.25 mg%. There were no significant different between them during storage. The flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were not different from the control during storage period regardless of 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treatment. Furthermore, antioxidative activities were not different among the control and $ClO_2$ gas treatments during storage.