• 공업화학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 인계 난연제가 첨가된 연질 폴리우레탄 폼을 합성하여 난연제의 종류에 따른 난연성능 변화를 고찰하였다. 난연제로는 Tetramethylene bis(orthophosphorylurea) [TBPU]와 Phosphinyl alkylphosphate ester [CR-530], Resorcinol bis diphenylphosphate [RDP], Triethyl phosphate [TEP] 등을 사용하였다. 열중량분석기를 사용하여 난연제에 따른 폴리우레탄 폼의 열분해거동을 알아보았으며, 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 열방출량, 질량감소율, 연기발생량, CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량 등을 측정하였다. TBPU가 첨가된 폴리우레탄 폼은 난연제가 첨가되지 않은 폴리우레탄 폼에 비하여 낮은 온도에서 분해가 시작되었으나 고온에서는 많은 양의 char를 생성하였다. 콘칼로리미터 시험 결과 TBPU가 첨가될 경우 평균 발열량, 최대 발열량, 유효연소열, 질량감소율, CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량이 감소하였고 다른 난연제에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내어 우수한 난연성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2007

Aluminum plates of the same materials as the foam were attached by the casting process inserting the foam as a core to investigate the tensile property of open cell foams. Tensile properties of the open cell 6063 aluminum alloy foam of $10{\sim}30$ PPI were measured before and after heat treatment. Densities of test specimens were between 0.14 and $0.29g/cm^3$. Tensile strength of the 6063 aluminum foam after heat treatment showed little change. C values were in the range of $0.41{\sim}0.87$ for as cast foams and $0.11{\sim}0.27$ for T6 heat treated foams in the eq. of ${\sigma}^* _{pl}/{\sigma}_{ys}=C({\rho}/{\rho}_s)^{1.5}$, and increased with increase in the cell size.

• 한국건설순환자원학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

Compressive properties of the open cell 6063 aluminum alloy foams made by the plaster molding process were investigated before and after heat treatment. Loading process was controlled at a displacement rate of 2 mm/min. Compressive strength of 10 PPI foam was the largest of the same density foams. Increase in strength after heat treatment for the bulk material was remark able, however was not for the 6063 aluminum foam. C values were in the range of $0.39{\sim}0.53$ for as cast foams and $0.13{\sim}0.16$ for T6 heat treated foams in the equation of ${sigma}^*_{pl}/{\sigma}_{ys}=C({\rho}/{\rho}_{s})^{1.5}$ and increased with cell size.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2020

The design and fabrication of catalysts with low-cost and high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have remained challenging because of the sluggish kinetics of this reaction. The key to the pursuit of efficient electrocatalysts is to design them with high surface area and more active sites. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a highly stable and active NiCo₂S₄ nanowire array on a Ni-foam substrate (NiCo₂S₄ NW/NF) via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach. This NiCo₂S₄ NW/NF exhibits overpotential as low as 275 mV, delivering a current density of 20 mA cm^-2 (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) with a low Tafel slope of 89 mV dec^-1 and superior long-term stability for 20 h in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The outstanding performance is ascribed to the inherent activity of the binder-free deposited, vertically aligned nanowire structure, which provides a large number of electrochemically active surface sites, accelerating electron transfer, and simultaneously enhancing the diffusion of electrolyte.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2013

This study was carried out, using toxicity test apparatus, to analyze toxic gases of heat insulation material and adhesives of composite panels used for the architectural surface material when a fire occurs. The findings of this study show that CO, $CO_2$, HCOH, $CH_2CHCN$ and $NO_x$ were detected from styrofoam, reinforced styrofoam, polyurethane foam and glass fiber, but in the case of the polyurethane foam, HCl and HCN were detected as well. All the architectural adhesives released CO, $CO_2$ and $NO_x$, but HCHO was only detected from the adhesives for styrofoam, wood, tile, windows and doors; $CH_2CHCN$ was only from those for wood and stone; $C_6H_5OH$ was only from those for wood. The toxicity index was also measured for architectural surface material and adhesives. Polyurethane foam showed the highest index, 11.7, and glass fiber was followed as 6.8. Reinforced styrofoam showed 5.7 and styrofoam revealed the least 4.9. In the case of architectural adhesives, the highest ranking was those for stone 7.4, windows and doors 6.1, wood 5.3, tile 3.8, and styrofoam 3.7 were followed, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

Polyurethane foam이 충진된 trickle bed reactor에서 통성혐기성 미생물인 Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19을 이용하여 일산화탄소와 물로부터 연속적인 수소생산을 살펴보았다. C. amalonaticus Y19은 설탕을 탄소원으로 할 때 호기적 조건에서 13 g/L까지 성장하였고 혐기조건에서 CO 가스를 주입하였을 때 약 60시간만에 최대 수소 생산 활성을 나타내었다. TBR 반응기에서 유입가스의 CO의 분압이 증가할수록 혹은 기체 체류시간이 감소할수록 수소 생성속도가 증가하였으나 CO의 전환율은 반대로 감소하였다. 그러나 액상의 유속변화는 반응기 운전 결과에 큰 영향을 주지 못했다. 본 실험에서 얻은 최대 수소 생성속도는 기체 체류시간 25분, 유입 CO 압력 0.4 atm에서 16 mmol/L/hr(전환율 33%)이었다. 이 값은 비슷한 반응기에 대해 보고된 Cowger의 결과보다 약 2배 이상 높은 값으로 통성혐기성균주의 고농도 배양과 다공성 충진물의 사용에 의한 높은 기-액 물질 전달 속도가 그 원인으로 추정되었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

Ni-Cr-Al metal-foam-supported catalysts for steam methane reforming (SMR) are manufactured by applying a catalytic Ni/Al₂O₃ sol-gel coating to powder alloyed metallic foam. The structure, microstructure, mechanical stability, and hydrogen yield efficiency of the obtained catalysts are evaluated. The structural and microstructural characteristics show that the catalyst is well coated on the open-pore Ni-Cr-Al foam without cracks or spallation. The measured compressive yield strengths are 2-3 MPa at room temperature and 1.5-2.2 MPa at 750℃ regardless of sample size. The specimens exhibit a weight loss of up to 9-10% at elevated temperature owing to the spallation of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst. However, the metal-foam-supported catalyst appears to have higher mechanical stability than ceramic pellet catalysts. In SMR simulations tests, a methane conversion ratio of up to 96% is obtained with a high hydrogen yield efficiency of 82%.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2015

본 연구는 소방펌프차에서 사용 중인 라인프로포셔너 방식의 포 소화설비에 대하여 노즐의 구경변화에 따른 포 수용액의 압력, 유량 및 농도의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구로 실험 데이터를 이론적 계산을 수행함으로써 포 소화약제 성능인증기준에 적합한 폼 흡입 노즐의 흡입측 압력 및 폼 흡입 니플의 구경 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 실험 장치는 소방방재청 고시 제2012-81호 제8조(기능시험) 규정을 바탕으로 실험 장치를 구성하였으며, 포 소화약제는 수성막포 3%를 사용하였고, 혼합장치는 현재 소방관서에서 사용 중인 폼 픽업식 라인프로포셔너 혼합장치 구경 40 mm를 사용하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 라인프로포셔너 혼합장치의 인입측 압력 변화 및 폼 흡입 니플 구경의 변화에 대하여 폼 흡입 노즐의 구경이 4 mm일 때 노즐 흡입측 압력은 0.25~0.35MPa 범위 내에서 이론적 포 소화약제 성능 인증 기준에 적합함을 증명할 수 있었다. 또한 폼 흡입 노즐의 구경이 5 mm일 때는 폼 흡입 노즐의 구경이 4 mm일 때 보다 높은 압력 0.45~0.60 MPa 범위 내에서 포 소화약제 성능 인증기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2011

Melt foaming method is one of cost-effective methods to make metal foam and it has been successfully applied to fabricate Mg foams. In this research, AZ31 Mg alloy ingot was used as a metal matrix, using AlCa granular as thickening agent and $CaCO_3$ powder as foaming agent, AZ31 Mg alloy foams were fabricated by melt-foaming method at different foaming temperatures. The porosity was above 41.2%~73.3%, pore size was between 0.38~1.52 mm, and homogenous pore structures were obtained. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ31 Mg alloy foams were investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and UTM. The results showed that pore structure and pore distribution were much better than those fabricated at lower temperatures. The compression behavior of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam behaved as typical porous materials. As the foaming temperature increased from $660^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$, the compressed strength also increased. The AZ31 Mg alloy foam with a foaming temperature of $720^{\circ}C$ had the best energy absorption. The energy absorption value of Mg foam was 15.52 $MJ/m^3$ at a densification strain of 52%. Furthermore, the high energy absorption efficiencies of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam kept at about 0.85 in the plastic plateau region, which indicates that composite foam possess a high energy absorption characteristic, and the Vickers hardness of AZ31 Mg alloy foam decreased as the foaming temperature increased.