• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 1996

Optimal medium for growth and glycosidases production of Bacteroides JY-6, an human intestinal bacterium, was general anaerobic medium or tryptic soy broth containing sod ium thioglycolate and ascorbic acid. By cocultivation of Staphylococcus R-48, Bacteroides JY-6 could be cultured in LB broth unable to culture JY-6. Heated Staphylococcus R-48 was also the inducer of the production of Bacteroides JY-6 glycosidases. These glycosidases were induced well by natural flavonoid glycosides, such as poncirin, naringin and rutin, but were not by synthetic substrates, p-nitrophenyl ${\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl ${\alpha}$-L-rhanmopyranoside.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 1998

Seven kinds of polyphenol compounds having ACE activities were isolated and purified by Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20, ${\um}-Bondapak\;C_{18}$ and Fuji-gel ODS $G_3$ sucessively from cacao bean(Ghana). The chemical structures of each compound were determined and identified using analyzers such as $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, IR, MS, polarimeter and Elemental Analysis. Inhibition effects of isolated polyphenols on angiotensin converting enzyme (concerned with hypertension) were also observed. The results obtained were as follows,; The compounds isolated and identified were confirmed and determined as compound 1 [(+)-catechin], compound 2 [(-)-epicatechin], compound 3 [procyanidin B-1 : (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(+)catechin], compound 4 [procyanidin B-2 : (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin], compound 5 [procyanidin B-7 : (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6)$-(+)-catechin], campound 6 (procyanidin B-2,3,3'-O -digallate), compound 7 [cinnamtannin A-2 : (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin]. In the inhibition effect on ACE, procyanidin B-2,3,3'-O-digallate (compound 6) showed a higher value of 94.6% for ACE in $100\;{\um}M$ than other compounds such as (+)-catechin (compound 1), (-)-epicatechin (compound 2), procyanidin B-1 (compound 3), procyanidin B-2 (compound 4), procyanidin B-7 (compound 5) and cinnamtannin A-2 (compound 7) showing 67.9%, 61.9%, 88.6%, 82.5%, 72.2% and 82.3% for ACE, respectively. Inhibition of $4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$ in coupling bond on the ACE enzyme was more effective than that of $4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$. Procyanidin containing gallate inhibited more effectively than those containing not any. It was also observed that a lot of hydroxy group in the compounds increased the inhibitory effect.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.413-417
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine $\beta$-amylase gene expression and degradation of starch granules in the endosperm near scutellar epithelium of rice cultivars under the submerged soil at hypoxia 18$^{\circ}C$, which is practically important condition for farmers in temperate regions. In case of cv. Janghyangdo, accumulation of $\beta$-amylase mRNA was detected in the aleurone layer on the ninth day after seeding. However that of cv. Suwon 287 and Norm 6 were not detected in the aleurone layer in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18$^{\circ}C$. $\beta$-amylase of cv. Janghyangdo was synthesized de novo in aleurone cells not in the scutellar epithelium. Degradation of starch granules in the endosperm near scutellar epithelium of c.v. Janghyangdo and Ginbozu, which have a strong $\beta$-amylase activity, was greater than that of cv. Suwon 287 and Norm 6 with no $\beta$-amylase activity in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18$^{\circ}C$. This result may indicate that $\beta$-amylase gene expression and degradation of starch granules of germinating rice seed are related to the emergence of rice under the submerged soil condition at low temperature.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.489-494
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• 2008

In order to develop a potent antidementia $\beta$-secretase inhibitor from phytochemicals, $\beta$-secretase inhibitory activities of extracts from many medicinal plants and herbs were determined. Water extracts from Rubus coreanus showed the highest $\beta$-secretase inhibitory activity of 84.5%. After purification of the $\beta$-secretase inhibitor from R. coreanus using systematic solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-10 column chromatography, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a purified $\beta$-secretase inhibitor with $IC_{50}$ inhibitory activity of $6.3{\times}10^3\;ng/mL$ ($1.56{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ was obtained with a 0.08% solid yield. The molecular mass of the purified $\beta$-secretase inhibitor was estimated to be 576 Da by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and $\beta$-secretase inhibitor also is a new tetrapeptide with the sequence Gly-Trp-Trp-Glu. The purified $\beta$-secretase inhibitory peptide inhibited $\beta$-secretase non-competitively and also show less inhibition on trypsin, however no inhibition on other proteases such as $\alpha$-secretase, chymotrypsin, and elastase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.605-611
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• 1990

$\beta$-Galactosidase activity was not detected at green mature stage but were 21.79 and 380.23 units/100g-fr. wt. in mature and soft persimmon, respectively. The molecular weight of $\beta$-galactosidase was estimated to be 115, 000 daltons by the method of gel filtration. Vmax and Km value were 0.095m mo1e p-nitrophenyl-galactoside and 1.8$\times$10$^{-2}$ mM, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of $\beta$-galactosidase were 45$^{\circ}C$ and 4.2, respectively. $\beta$-Galactosidase was inhibited by SDS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.783-789
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• 2000

This study was focused on the optimal extracting conditions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin as bioactive substance from green seaweed. Identification and quantification of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin were measured by headspace gas chromatography after conversion to dimethyl sulfide by treatment with saturated NaOH solution. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was extracted through various processes (solvent extraction, ultrasonication, boiling and autoclaving) from Ulva pertusa. The content of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin extracted by autoclaving treatment showed higher than that of various extraction methods. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Ulva pertusa was 325,800 ng/g after autoclaving 121$^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin in exract of Ulva pertusa was comparative stable under low temperature. The retentions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Ulva pertusa were 76.6~99.8% by incubation at 10~6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Chemical decomposition of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was observed under laboratory conditions at pH values higher than 9.5.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2008

The $\beta$-lactamase gene was cloned into E. coli DH5$\alpha$ from Bacillus sp. J105 with strong resistance against $\beta$-lactam antibiotics. The chromosomal DNA was partially digested with Sau3AI and ligated to BamHI digested pLAFR3. $\beta$-Lactamase positive clones were obtained by using in vitro packaging kit. The pKL11-${\Delta}4.6$ with $\beta$-lactamase activity was obtained by subcloning of the recombinant plasmid ($\beta$-lac +). The 6.5 kb fragment in the subcloned plasmid was sequenced. The DNA fragment that contains the $\beta$-lactamase gene encodes 309 amino acids. The 0.17 kb upstream region was similar to those of B. thuringinesis and B. cereus with 97% identity. The deduced amino acids sequence was also similar to those of $\beta$-lactamase from B. thuringinesis and B. cereus with 97% and 94% identity, respectively. The phylogenetic tree also showed the relationships of the $\beta$-lactamase gene of Bacillus sp. J105 to genetically related that of other Bacillus strains. Analysis of expression pattern of the pKL11-${\Delta}4.6$ in E. coli, revealed that the secretion efficiency of $\beta$-lactamase was $4{\sim}5%$ and the molecular weight was as same as that of original $\beta$-lactamase (31 kDa) from Bacillus sp. J105.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

Differences in carotenoid composition in the integuments of wild and cultured chinese muddy loach Misgurnus mizolepis and muddy loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were compared. Total carotenoid contents in the integuments of the wild and cultured chinese muddy loach were $4.76mg\%\;and\;3.43mg\%$, respectively. The important carotenoids in the integuments of the wild chinese muddy loach were lutein($30.5\%$), ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin($24.6\%$), ${\beta}$-carotene($20.6\%$) and cynthiaxanthin($11.7\%$). In addition, zeaxanthin($4.7\%$), tunaxanthin ($4.5\%$), and a-cryptoxanthin($1.0\%$) were present in small amounts. In the integuments of the cultured chinese muddy loach, lutein($35.4\%$), ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin($17.9\%$), cynthiaxanthin($16.0\%$) and ${\beta}$-carotene($12.7\%$) were present as important carotenoids. In addition, zeaxanthin($8.1\%$), tunaxanthin($5.0\%$), a-cryptoxanthin($0.9\%$) were found in small amounts. Total carotenoid contents in the integuments of the wild and cultured muddy loach were $4.00mg\%\;and\;2.99mg\%$, respectively. The important carotenoids in the integuments of the wild muddy loach were lutein($32.9\%$), ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin($18.8\%$), cynthiaxanthin($17.0\%$) and ${\beta}$-carotene($15.1\%$). In addition, zeaxanthin($6.5\%$), tunaxanthin($6.0\%$) and a-cryptoxanthin($1.5\%$) were found in small amounts. In the integuments of the cultured muddy loach, lutein($51.8\%$), cynthiaxanthin($19.9\%$) and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin($10.8\%$) were observed as important carotenoids. In addition, ${\beta}$-carotene($5.0\%$), zeaxanthin($4.8\%$), tunaxanthin($4.5\%$) and a-cryptoxanthin($0.2\%$) were found in small amounts.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2007

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) would influence healing of periapical tissues by modulating the production of growth factors and cytokines from PDL fibroblasts, however, the studies are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 $(TGF-\beta1)$, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from PDL fibroblasts in the presence of MTA. The human PDL fibroblasts were seeded onto the set MTA or IRM at a level of $1\times10^5$ cells per unit well, and further incubated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The levels of $TGF-\beta1$, FGF-2 and IL-6 from the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The level of $TGF-\beta1$ was down-reg ulated when the cells were grown in the presence of MTA except at 6 hours. The levels of FGF-2 release were significantly suppressed when PDL fibroblasts were grown in the presence of MTA or IRM at all time intervals (p < 0.05). The expressions of IL-6 from MTA treated co)Is were comparable to those of untreated control cells throughout the observation periods. We presume that this material inhibits the stimulatory function of growth factors on granulation tissue formation and in turn, it promotes the healing process modulated by other bone-remodeling cells.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2014

Hypoxia is one of the main reasons for islet apoptosis after transplantation as well as during isolation. In this study, we attempted to determine the potential usefulness of NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor for suppression of hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis as well as the relationship between IP-10 induction and ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis in hypoxia. To accomplish this, we cultured the mouse pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line MIN6 in hypoxia (1% $O_2$). Among several examined chemokines, only IP-10 mRNA expression was induced under hypoxia, and this induced IP-10 expression was due to NF-${\kappa}B$ activity. Since a previous study suggested that IP-10 mediates ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis, we measured hypoxia-induced IP-10 protein and examined the effect of anti-IP-10 neutralizing Ab on hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. However, IP-10 protein was not detected, and anti-IP-10 neutralizing Ab did not rescue hypoxia-induced MIN6 apoptosis, indicating that there is no relationship between hypoxia-induced IP-10 mRNA expression and hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. Since it was still not clear if NF-${\kappa}B$ functions as an apoptotic or anti-apoptotic mediator in hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis, we examined possible involvement of NF-${\kappa}B$ in hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. Treatment with 1 ${\mu}M$ NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor suppressed hypoxiainduced apoptosis by more than 50%, while 10 ${\mu}M$ AP-1 or 4 ${\mu}M$ NF-AT inhibitor did not, indicating involvement of NF-${\kappa}B$ in hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. Overall, these results suggest that IP-10 is not involved in hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis, and that NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor can be useful for ameliorating hypoxia-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis.