• 센서학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2009

${Co_3}{O_4}$ and ${Co_3}{O_4}$-based thick films with additives such as ${Co_3}{O_4}-{Fe_2}{O_3}$(5 wt.%), ${Co_3}{O_4}-{SnO_2}$ (5 wt.%), ${Co_3}{O_4}-{WO_3}$(5 wt.%) and ${Co_3}{O_4}$-ZnO(5 wt.%) were fabricated by screen printing method on alumina substrates. Their structural properties were examined by XRD and SEM. The sensitivities to iso-${C_4}H_{10}$, $CH_4$, CO, $NH_3$ and NO gases were investigated with the thick films heat treated at $400^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$. From the gas sensing properties of the films, the films showed p-type semiconductor behaviors. ${Co_3}{O_4}-{SnO_2}$(5 wt.%) thick film heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$ showed higher sensitivity to i-${C_4}H_{10}$ and CO gases than other thick-films. ${Co_3}{O_4}-{SnO_2}$(5 wt.%) thick film heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$ showed the sensitivity of 170 % to 3000 ppm iso-${C_4}H_{10}$ gas and 100 % to 100 ppm CO gas at the working temperature of $250^{\circ}C$. The response time to i-${C_4}H_{10}$ and CO gases showed rise time of about 10 seconds and fall time of about $3{\sim}4$ minutes. The selectivity to i-${C_4}H_{10}$ and CO gases was enhanced in the ${Co_3}{O_4}-{SnO_2}$(5 wt.%) thick film.

• 센서학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.369-375
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• 1997

$SnO_{2}$에 $V_{2}O_{5}/ThO_{2}/Pd$를 도핑하여 제조된 센서는 약 $500^{\circ}C$의 높은 센서 온도에서 CO에 대해 우수한 선택도와 안전성 및 빠른 응답특성을 보였다. 특히, $V_{2}O_{5}$를 약 3.0 wt.% 첨가하여 선택도에 있어서 CO 감도에 대해 $NO_{x}$, $C_{3}H_{8}$, $CH_{4}$ 및 $SO_{2}$같은 많은 간섭가스들의 영향이 적음을 알았다. 센서 제조는 $V_{2}O_{5}$(3.0 wt.%), $ThO_{2}$(1.5wt.%), Pd(1.0 wt.%)의 촉매물질과 함께 기존에 잘 알려진 후막기술을 이용하였다. 일반적으로 연소배가스처럼 $NO_{x}$와 CO가 혼합되어 있는 복합가스의 경우, $SnO_{2}$계 반도체 센서로는 CO만의 검지는 $NO_{x}$ 간섭 때문에 대단히 어렵다. 본 센서는 공연비제어를 요하는 자동차나 보일러 시스템의 연소배가스의 측정과 감시에 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.358-361
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• 2012

Co and Ni as catalysts in $SnO_2$ sensors to improve the sensitivity for $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas were coated by a solution reduction method. $SnO_2$ thick films were prepared by a screen-printing method onto $Al_2O_3$ substrates with an electrode. The sensing characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in a chamber. The structural properties of $SnO_2$ with a rutile structure investigated by XRD showed a (110) dominant $SnO_2$ peak. The particle size of the $SnO_2$:Ni powders with Ni at 6 wt% was about 0.1 ${\mu}m$. The $SnO_2$ particles were found to contain many pores according to a SEM analysis. The sensitivity of $SnO_2$-based sensors was measured for 5 ppm of $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air to that in the target gases. The results showed that the best sensitivity of $SnO_2$:Ni and $SnO_2$:Co sensors for $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature was observed in $SnO_2$:Ni sensors coated with 6 wt% Ni. The $SnO_2$:Ni gas sensors showed good selectivity to $CH_4$ gas. The response time and recovery time of the $SnO_2$:Ni gas sensors for the $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases were 20 seconds and 9 seconds, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.546-549
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• 2011

Nano-sized $SnO_2$ thick films were prepared by a screen-printing method onto $Al_2O_3$ substrates. The sensing characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in a test box as a function of the detection gas. The nano-sized $SnO_2$ thick film sensors were treated in a $N_2$ atmosphere. The structural properties of the nano $SnO_2$with a rutile structure according to XRD showed a (110) dominant $SnO_2$ peak. The particle size of $SnO_2$:Ni nano powders at Ni 8 wt% was about 45 nm, and the $SnO_2$ particles were found to contain many pores according to the SEM analysis. The sensitivity of the nano $SnO_2$-based sensors was measured for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in the target gases. The results showed that the best sensitivity of $SnO_2$:Ni and $SnO_2$:Co sensors for $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature was observed in $SnO_2$:Ni sensors doped with 8 wt% Ni. The response time of the $SnO_2$:Ni gas sensors was 10 seconds and recovery time was 15 seconds for the $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2263-2273
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• 2000

희분식 고온/고압 미분반응기를 이용하여 습식산화 반응시 대표적 난분해성 중간 산화물질로 알려진 아세트산을 산화반응 기질로 하여 여러 가지 담체 및 촉매의 조합에 대한 산화반응성을 실험하였다. 사용된 담체는 다공성 실리카($SiO_2$), 티타니아($TiO_2$), 지르코니아($ZrO_2$), $ZrSiO_4$, $ZrO_2(10wt%)/TiO_2$ 등이었으며 촉매활성성분온 크게 Ru, Mn, Ce의 세 가지로서 단독 혹은 조합사용(2성분계 및 3성분계)시의 산화활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 이를 통하여 일차척인 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타난 $Mn(2.8)-Ce(7.2wt%)/TiO_2$ 혹은 $Ru(0.5)-Mn(2.7)-Ce(6.8wt%)/TiO_2$ 기준촉매의 활성증진을 위하여 p-type 반도체 물질(CoO, SnO 및 $Ag_2O$)를 첨가제로 소량 사용함으로써 이에 따른 습식산화 반응 상대 활성실험을 수행하였다. 우선, $Mn-Ce/TiO_2$ 기준촉매에 있어서, p-type 반도체 물질(CO, Sn Ag)을 첨가한 경우, 모두 활성증진효과를 보이며 크기 정도는 Co> Ag >Sn순이었다. 특히, $Mn(2.7)-Ce(6.8)-Co(0.5wt%) /TiO_2$에 있어서는 약 2.6배의 높은 활성상승이 나타났다. 이의 가시적인 주원인은 표면적 증가 및 시너지 효과에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다. $Ru-Mn-Ce/TiO_2$ 기준 촉매에 있어서는 $Ru(O.5)-Mn(2.4)-Ce(6.1)-Co(1.0wt%)/TiO_2$에서만 활성증진효과를 보였으며 그 이외의 다른 경우에 있어서는 표면적 및 활성감소가 일어났다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

Semiconductor thick film gas sensors based on tin oxide are fabricated and their gas response characteristics are examined for four simulant gases of chemical warfare agent (CWA)s. The sensing materials are prepared in three different sets. 1) The Pt or Pd $(1,\;2,\;3\;wt.\%)$ as catalyst is impregnated in the base material of $SnO_2$ by impregnation method.2) $Al_2O_3\;(0,\;4,\;12,\;20\;wt.\%),\;In_2O_3\;(1,\;2,\;3\;wt.\%),\;WO_3\;(1,\;2,\;3\;wt.\%),\;TiO_2\;(3,\;5,\;10\;wt.\%)$ or $SiO_2\;(3,\;5,\;10\;wt.\%)$ is added to $SnO_2$ by physical ball milling process. 3) ZnO $(1,\;2,\;3,\;4,\;5\;wt.\%)$ or $ZrO_2\;(1,\;3,\;5\;wt.\%)$ is added to $SnO_2$ by co-precipitation method. Surface morphology, particle size, and specific surface area of fabricated sensing films are performed by the SEM, XRD and BET respectively. Response characteristics are examined for simulant gases with temperature in the range 200 to $400^{\circ}C$, with different gas concentrations. These sensors have high sensitivities more than $50\%$ at 500ppb concentration for test gases and also have shown good repetition tests. Four sensing materials are selected with good sensitivity and stability and are fabricated as a sensor array A sensor array Identities among the four simulant gases through the principal component analysis (PCA). High sensitivity is acquired by using the semiconductor thick film gas sensors and four CWA gases are classified by using a sensor array through PCA.

• Nano
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1850130.1-1850130.12
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• 2018

A novel strontium titanate/binary metal sulfide ($SrTiO_3/SnCoS_4$) heterostructure was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method. The visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance of $SrTiO_3/SnCoS_4$ composites was evaluated in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance of $SrTiO_3/SnCoS_4-5%$ is much higher than that of pure $SrTiO_3$, $SnCoS_4$, $SrTiO_3/SnS_2$ and $SrTiO_3/CoS_2$. The $SrTiO_3/SnCoS_4$ composite material with 5 wt.% of $SnCoS_4$ showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency for MO degradation, and the degradation rate could reach 95% after 140 min irradiation time. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to not only the improvement of visible light absorption efficiency, but also the construction of a heterostructure which make it possible to effectively separate photoexcited electrons and holes in the two-phase interface.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

Ag-Cd alloy has been widely used as an electrical contact material, since Ag-Cd alloy has a good wear resistance and stable contact resistance. But nowadays Ag-Cd alloy is not considered as electrical contact material any more due to detrimental effect on environments. Currently, active researches are being performed on ($Ag-SnO_2$ and $Ag-SnO_{2}-In_{2}O_{3}$) as an alternative solution which can fix the remaining environmental problems. However, $In_{2}O_{3}$ is relatively expensive and Ag-Sn alloy has low wear resistance. Our recent research results show that Ag-X%Zn-Y%Sn has similar physical and chemical properties. In the present study, so we tried to change and to optimize the Zn oxide content to over 6 wt% and Sn oxide content with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%. Results obtained from the experiments on the Ag-X%ZnO-Y%$SnO_2$ are discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.956-960
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• 2010

CuO doped $WO_3-SnO_2$ thick film gas sensors were fabricated by screen printing method on alumina substrates and heat-treated at $350^{\circ}C$ in air. The effects of mixing ratio of $WO_3$ with $SnO_2$ on the structural and morphological properties of $WO_3-SnO_2$ were investigated X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. The structural properties of the $WO_3-SnO_2$:CuO thick film by XRD showed that the monoclinic of $WO_3$ and the tetragonal of $SnO_2$ phase were mixed. Nano CuO was coated on the $WO_3-SnO_2$ surface and then the surface of $WO_3$ was coated with $SnO_2$ particles with $1\sim1.5{\mu}m$ in diameters, as confirmed form the SEM image. The sensitivity of the $WO_3-SnO_2$:CuO sensor to 2000 ppm $CO_2$ gas and 50 ppm $H_2S$ gas for the various ratio of $WO_3$ and $SnO_2$ was investigated. The 4 wt% CuO doped $WO_3-SnO_2$(75:25) tkick films showed the highest sensitivity to $CO_2$ gas and $H_2S$ gas.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2013

Well-distributed $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers were fabricated using a co-electrospinning method, which is set up with two coaxial capillaries. Their formation mechanisms were successfully demonstrated. The structural, morphological, and chemical compositional properties were investigated by field-emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FESEM), bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, to obtain well-distributed $SnO_2$ and Sn and $Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, the relative molar ratios of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor including 7 wt% polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were controlled at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The FESEM, bright-field TEM, XRD, and XPS results show that the nanoparticles consisting of $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ phases were in the range of ~4 nm-6 nm for sample A, ~5 nm-15 nm for sample B, ~9 nm-22 nm for sample C. In particular, for sample A, the nanoparticles were uniformly grown in the carbon nanofibers. Furthermore, when the amount of the Ag precursor and the Sn precursor was increased, the inorganic nanofibers consisting of the $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles were formed due to the decreased amount of the carbon nanofibers. Thus, well-distributed nanoparticles embedded in the carbon nanofibers were successfully synthesized at the optimum molar ratio (0.1) of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor after calcination of $800^{\circ}C$.