• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.655-672
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• 2011

Let $C^r$[0,t] be the function space of the vector-valued continuous paths x : [0,t] ${\rightarrow}$ $R^r$ and define $X_t$ : $C^r$[0,t] ${\rightarrow}$ $R^{(n+1)r}$ and $Y_t$ : $C^r$[0,t] ${\rightarrow}$ $R^{nr}$ by $X_t(x)$ = (x($t_0$), x($t_1$), ..., x($t_{n-1}$), x($t_n$)) and $Y_t$(x) = (x($t_0$), x($t_1$), ..., x($t_{n-1}$)), respectively, where 0 = $t_0$ < $t_1$ < ... < $t_n$ = t. In the present paper, with the conditioning functions $X_t$ and $Y_t$, we introduce two simple formulas for the conditional expectations over $C^r$[0,t], an analogue of the r-dimensional Wiener space. We establish evaluation formulas for the analogues of the analytic Wiener and Feynman integrals for the function $G(x)=\exp{{\int}_0^t{\theta}(s,x(s))d{\eta}(s)}{\psi}(x(t))$, where ${\theta}(s,{\cdot})$ and are the Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of the complex Borel measures on ${\mathbb{R}}^r$. Using the simple formulas, we evaluate the analogues of the conditional analytic Wiener and Feynman integrals of the functional G.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.413-431
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• 2012

Let $C^r[0,t]$ be the function space of the vector-valued continuous paths $x:[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^r$ and define $X_t:C^r[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^{(n+1)r}$ and $Y_t:C^r[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^{nr}$ by $X_t(x)=(x(t_0),\;x(t_1),\;{\cdots},\;x(t_{n-1}),\;x(t_n))$ and $Y_t(x)=(x(t_0),\;x(t_1),\;{\cdots},\;x(t_{n-1}))$, respectively, where $0=t_0$ < $t_1$ < ${\cdots}$ < $t_n=t$. In the present paper, using two simple formulas for the conditional expectations over $C^r[0,t]$ with the conditioning functions $X_t$ and $Y_t$, we establish evaluation formulas for the analogue of the conditional analytic Fourier-Feynman transform for the function of the form $${\exp}\{{\int_o}^t{\theta}(s,\;x(s))\;d{\eta}(s)\}{\psi}(x(t)),\;x{\in}C^r[0,t]$$ where ${\eta}$ is a complex Borel measure on [0, t] and both ${\theta}(s,{\cdot})$ and ${\psi}$ are the Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of the complex Borel measures on $\mathbb{R}^r$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제18권1_2호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2005

This paper presents characterizations on the independence of the exponential and Pareto distributions by record values. Let ${X_{n},\;n {\ge1}$ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed(i.i.d) random variables with a continuous cumulative distribution function(cdf) F(x) and probability density function(pdf) f(x). $Let{\;}Y_{n} = max{X_1, X_2, \ldots, X_n}$ for n \ge 1. We say $X_{j}$ is an upper record value of ${X_{n},{\;}n\ge 1}, if Y_{j} > Y_{j-1}, j > 1$. The indices at which the upper record values occur are given by the record times {u(n)}, n \ge 1, where u(n) = $min{j|j > u(n-1), X_{j} > X_{u(n-1)}, n \ge 2}$ and u(l) = 1. Then F(x) = $1 - e^{-\frac{x}{a}}$, x > 0, ${\sigma} > 0$ if and only if $\frac {X_u(_n)}{X_u(_{n+1})} and X_u(_{n+1}), n \ge 1$, are independent. Also F(x) = $1 - x^{-\theta}, x > 1, {\theta} > 0$ if and only if $\frac {X_u(_{n+1})}{X_u(_n)}{\;}and{\;} X_{u(n)},{\;} n {\ge} 1$, are independent.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1999

폐주물사 재이용 방안으로 하수처리시 폐주물사를 여재로써 이용하여 인제거에 적용하고져 하였다. 용액의 pH를 2, 6, 11로 조정하여 인제거 실험한 결과 pH2에서 가장 우수한 제거율을 나타내었으며 폐주물산 100g 으로 반응시켰을 경우 2시간의 반응에서 99.9% 이상의 인제거율은 나타내었다. 또한 Langmuir 등온 흡착 모델에 적용한 결과 ${\Gamma}=0.0005{\theta}$/(1+2.4987 $\theta$)의 등온흡착식을 얻었으며 연속식 실험에서 파괴농도를 8mg/l로 하였을 경우 폐주물사의 파과시산은 25hrs으로 나타났다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호통권39호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1999

뒤틀림 효과를 고려한 곡선보의 일반적 거동은 Vlasov에 의해 제시된 미분 방정식으로 표시된다. 일반적으로 거더의 단면을 결정하는데 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 휨모멘트이다. 곡선 교량 계획시 곡선격자형교의 단면을 쉽게 가정하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 직선거더와 곡선거더의 휨모멘트비를 제시하였다. 이 비는 중심각 ${\theta}(L/R)$를 변수로 하여 근사식으로 나타내었다. 이 휨모멘트 근사식과 제시된 영향선은 3경간 곡선격자형교를 보다 쉽게 설계하는데 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2016

In this research, a continuous roll-to-roll screen printing system was developed using a flat screen. It has a newly devised sliding mechanism of screen printing module, which can be controlled accurately in sync with a moving web, driven by a roll-to-roll tension control and web-guiding system. In addition, the real-time precision alignment module that consists of a vision camera and an $X-Y-{\theta}$ alignment stage was implemented. With this developed system, the feasibility of continuous printing with minimum pattern width below $60{\mu}m$ was verified, and an overlay of ${\pm}60{\mu}m$ between the laser-patterned reference mark and the printed mark on a 300-mm-wide film was achieved.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2004

YBCO coated conductor is one of the most promising materials as a new generations wire especially for practical power applications. In this work, $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$ -$\delta$/(YBCO) coated conductors (CC) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from buffer layers to superconducting layer on hi-axially textured metal tape. The oxide multilayer buffered substrate of architectures of $CeO_2$/$YSZ/Y_2$$O_3$ was fabricated by PLD at steady status. Then YBCO layer was deposited on RABiTS substrate by stationary and reel-to-reel (R2R) continuous process and we compared with deposition conditions of both processes. The degree of texture of each layer was investigated using X-ray diffraction including $\theta$-2$\theta$ scans, $\omega$-scans and $\Phi$-scans analysis. Their surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FWHM of the X-ray $\Phi$-scans and $\Phi$-scans indicated that YBCO and buffer layers closely replicate the in-plane and out-of-plane texture of metal tape. Critical current (Ic) at 77 K, self-field of 75.8 A/cm-width, critical temperature (Tc) of 85 K, and critical current density (Ic) of 3.7 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were measured from coated conductor deposited by stationary process. And coated conductor deposited by R2R continuous process had Ic of 57.5 A/cm-width, Tc of 86.5 K and Jc of 2.0 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The film also exhibits a homogeneous and dense surface morphology.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1001-1009
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• 2000

본 연구는 온도와 pH변화에 따른 처리특성을 S-COD, T-COD, SS, 처리율의 경시변화, 슬러지전환율, SVI 및 유출수 pH의 변화 등을 중심으로 연속포기식과 간헐포기식의 활성슬러지법의 처리특성을 비교하였다. 실험결과 온도보청계수($\theta$)는 연속포기시 1.0~1.061, 간헐포기시는 1.0~1.086으로 나타나 극미하기는 하나 간헐포기시가 온도에 민감한 것으로 나타났으며, 슬러지전환율은 간헐포기시가 연속포기시에 비해 적은 것으로 나타나 보다 경제적이었다. 한편 pH를 변화시킬 경우 양 반응기 모두 산 쪽에서 미미한 악화를 보이나 알칼리 쪽에서는 개선됨을 보여주었고, 전체적으로 처리수의 수질과 유출수의 pH 변화폭 등을 고려할 때 연속포기시에 비해 간헐포기시가 양호하였다.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2002

To obtain visual information of a target object, a camera should be placed within the visibility region. As the visibility region is dependent on the relative position of the target object and the surrounding object, the position change of the surrounding object during a task requires recalculation of the visibility region. For a fast computation of the visibility region so as to modify the camera position to be located within the visibility region, we propose a spherical projection method. After being projected onto the sphere the visibility region is represented in $\theta$-$\psi$ spaces of the spherical coordinates. The reduction of calculation space enables a fast modification of the camera location according to the motion of the surrounding objects so that the continuous observation of the target object during the task is possible.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.893-912
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• 2005

We discuss a certain geometric property $X_{{\theta},{\gamma}}$ of dual algebras generated by a polynomially bounded operator and property ($\mathbb{A}_{N_0,N_0}$; these are central to the study of $N_{0}\timesN_{0}$-systems of simultaneous equations of weak$^{*}$-continuous linear functionals on a dual algebra. In particular, we prove that if T $\in$ $\mathbb{A}$$^{M}$ satisfies a certain sequential property, then T $\in$ $\mathbb{A}^{M}_{N_0}(H) if and only if the algebra $A_{T}$ has property $X_{0, 1/M}$, which is an improvement of Li-Pearcy theorem in [8].