• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

In this study, we examined the efficacy of the immune regulation of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 on atopic dermatitis models. The oral administration of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 on mice significantly decreased the amount of scratching, leakage to evans blue, and concentrations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine compared with the atopic dermatitis - induced group. When atopic dermatitis was induced, the transcription factors (GATA-3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor ${\gamma}$ T [$ROR{\gamma}T$]) and cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-17) of Th2 and Th17 cells were overexpressed at the transcriptional level, and they significantly decreased with oral administration of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004. In addition, ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 were shown to modulate the immune balance by increasing the expression of Th1 and Treg transcription (T-bet, forkhead box p3 [Foxp3]) and cytokines (interferon-${\gamma}$ [IFN-${\gamma}$], transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ [TGF-${\beta}$]). Galectin-9 and filaggrin were significantly lower in the atopic dermatitis - induced group and significantly higher in the ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan-treated group. In contrast, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was highest in the atopic dermatitis-induced group, while mice that were orally administered ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 showed similar TSLP levels to the control group. These results indicate that ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 have immunomodulatory effects and atopic dermatitis improvement effects in an animal model of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is expected that ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 can be used as natural materials in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.557-569
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• 2010

Suppose that n is a positive integer. For any real number $\alpha$($\beta$ resp.) with $\alpha$ < 1 ($\beta$ > 1 resp.), let $K^{(n)}(\alpha)$ ($K^{(n)}(\beta)$ resp.) be the class of analytic functions in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ with f(0) = f'(0) = $\cdots$ = $f^{(n-1)}(0)$ = $f^{(n)}(0)-1\;=\;0$, Re($\frac{zf^{n+1}(z)}{f^{(n)}(z)}+1$) > $\alpha$ (Re($\frac{zf^{n+1}(z)}{f^{(n)}(z)}+1$) < $\beta$ resp.) in $\mathbb{D}$, and for any ${\lambda}\;{\in}\;\bar{\mathbb{D}}$, let $K^{(n)}({\alpha},\;{\lambda})$ $K^{(n)}({\beta},\;{\lambda})$ resp.) denote a subclass of $K^{(n)}(\alpha)$ ($K^{(n)}(\beta)$ resp.) whose elements satisfy some condition about derivatives. For any fixed $z_0\;{\in}\;\mathbb{D}$, we shall determine the two regions of variability $V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\alpha})$, ($V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\beta})$ resp.) and $V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\alpha},\;{\lambda})$ ($V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\beta},\;{\lambda})$ resp.). Also we shall determine the extreme points of the families of analytic functions which satisfy $f(\mathbb{D})\;{\subset}\;V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\alpha})$ ($f(\mathbb{D})\;{\subset}\;V^{(n)}(z_0,\;{\beta})$ resp.) when f ranges over the classes $K^{(n)}(\alpha)$ ($K^{(n)(\beta)$ resp.) and $K^{(n)}({\alpha},\;{\lambda})$ ($K^{(n)}({\beta},\;{\lambda})$ resp.), respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 1989

Two novel steroidal saponins designated as spicatosides A(1) and B(2) were isolated from the tubers of Liriope spicata and their structures were elucidated as 25(S)-rus-cogenin -1-0- fJ - D-glucopyranosyl (1$\rightarrow$2)- [$\beta$ - D-xylopyranosyl (1$\rightarrow$3)] -$\beta$- D- fucopyranoside (1) and 26-0-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyI25(S)-22-0-methyl-furost-5-en-l$\beta$, 3$\beta$, 26-trioll-0-fJ -D¬glucopyranosyl (1$\rightarrow$2)- [$\beta$- D-xylopyranosyl (1$\rightarrow$3)] - $\beta$- D- fucopyranoside (2), respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.145-173
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ultrasound irradiation on $TGF-\beta_1$ expression in the surgically injured achilles tendons of rats. The results of this study were as following: 1. The control group (3 days after injury) expressed little immunoreactivity for $TGF-\beta_1$. 2. In the experimental groups, $TGF-\beta_1$ immunoreactivity of group 11(applied US for 3 days) was increased markedly than that of group 1(applied US for 1 day). 3, The experimental group 11(applied US for 3 days) expressed higher immunoreactivity for $TGF-\beta_1$ than control group. These findings suggest that ultrasound irradiation on the injured Achilles tendon may be of benefit such as increasing $TGF-\beta$ release in the inflammatory phase of heal ins process.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 1992

In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 1997

An inclusion complex of muscone with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD), as a solid form of muscone, was prepared to increase the solubility of muscone. The molar ratio of muscone to ${\beta}-CD$ in complex was in the range of $1:1{\sim}1:5$ when prepared by freeze-drying method. The interaction of muscone with ${\beta}-CD$ in solid state was investigated by Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). IR and DSC studies between $muscone-{\beta}-CD$ inclusion complex and physical mixture showed that $muscone-{\beta}-CD$ inclusion complex was prepared stably. From the amount of muscone incorporated in the inclusion complex, it was found that the molar ratio of muscone : ${\beta}-CD$ was 1:1. Relative spatial position of muscone and ${\beta}-CD$ was observed by Hyperchem molecular modelling program.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.103-115
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• 2006

[ ${\beta}-Glucan$ ] is a glucose polymer that has linkage of ${\beta}-(1,3)$, -(1,4) and -(1,6). As exclusively found in fungal and bacterial cell wall, not in animal, ${\beta}-glucans$ are recognized by innate immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages possesses pattern recognition molecule (PRM) for binding ${\beta}-glucans$ as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Recently ${\beta}-glucans$ receptor was cloned from DC and named as dectin-l which belongs to type II C-type lectin family. Human dectin-l is consisted of 7 exons and 6 introns. The polypeptide of dectin-l has 247 amino acids and has cytoplasmic, transmembrane, stalk and carbohydrate recognition domains. Dectin-l could recognize variety of beta-l,3 and/or beta-l,6 glucan linkages, but not alpha-glucans. In our macrophage cell line culture system, dectin-l mRNA was detected in RA W264.7 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dectin-l was also detected in the murine organs of spleen, thymus, lung and intestines. Treatment of RA W264.7 cells with ${\beta}-glucans$ of Ganoderma lucidum (GLG) resulted in increased expression of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the presence of LPS. However, GLG alone did not increase IL-6 nor $TNF-{\alpha}$ These results suggest that receptor dectin-l cooperate with CD14 to activate signal transduction that is very critical in immunoresponse.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 1993

Inclusion complex of omeprazole(OMZ) with hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin(HP-$\beta$-CD) was prepared by freeze-drying method. The complexation was confirmed by means of UV, CD, IR, DSC, XRD and $^{1}$H-NMR spectra. The benzimidazole moiety of OMZ might be found to be included into the cavity of HP-$\beta$-CD and the inclusion complex appeared to be $A_{L}$ type. The stoichiometric ratio of OMZ : HP-$\beta$-CD was found to be 1:1, and the stability constants of the inclusion complex by solubility and UV method were about 34 and 45 M$^{-1}$, respectively. The dissolution of OMZ was significantly enhanced from powder and. yablet of OMZ-HP-$\beta$-CD complex when compared to those of OMZ alone, and oil-to-water partition coefficient of OMZ-HP-$\beta$-CD complex was significantly higher than that of OMZ alone. Therefore, it was expected that the bioavailability of OMZ could be improved markedly by inclusion complexation of OMZ with HP-$\beta$-CD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1794-1799
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) using adipic acid, and to determine the optimum conditions of different factors ($\beta$-CD concentration, mixing temperature, mixing time and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from homogenized milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with adipic acid. When the milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 92.1 to 93.1% with 1% $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in the first trial was 92.5%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With repeated ten time trials using same sample, 81.4% of cholesterol was removed from milk. Therefore, the present study indicated that the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 1% $\beta$-CD addition and 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at 5$^{\circ}C$ with over 90% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD made by adipic acid resulted in the effective recycling efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2000

TGF-${\beta}_1$ is a potent chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. It also stimulates the celluar source and components of extracellular matrix and the production of proteinase inhibitors. Collectively, these biologic activities lead to the accumulation and stabilization of the nascent matrix, which is vital to wound healing. The objective of this study is to investigate production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ in vitro fibroblast culture in the presence of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B(SEB) and/or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and to elucidate the role of TGF-${\beta}_1$ which may be responsible for wound healing. The fibroblasts were originated from facial dermis and hypertrophic scar in 26 year-old male patient. In the presence of LPS($0.01{\mu}g$, $0.1{\mu}g$, $1.0{\mu}g$), SEB($0.01{\mu}g$, $0.1{\mu}g$, $1.0{\mu}g$) respectively, cells($5{\times}10^3ml$) were cultivated in vitro. At 1, 3, and 5 days after incubation, cells were counted. Also, cells($2.5{\times}10^5ml$) were cultivated in EMEM with LPS(0.01, 0.1 and $1.0{\mu}g$), SEB(0.01, 0.1 and $1.0{\mu}g$) respectively and LPS($0.1{\mu}g$) and SEB($0.1{\mu}g$) in combination for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. Culture supernatants were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 days after incubation period and triplicate culture supernatants were pooled and TGF-${\beta}_1$ was assayed in duplicate. The results were as follows. 1. In facial dermal fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination, the suppression of cell proliferation occurred very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In SEB exposure, the production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was decreased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. However, in LPS, SEB and LPS exposure, the production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was increased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. 2. In hypertrophic scar fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination, the suppression of cell proliferation did not occur at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In SEB and LPS exposure in combination, the production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was increased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. However, the production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ did not occur in SEB and LPS exposure respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of bacterial toxins and the incubation period correlated with cell proliferation and production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ very significantly and both fibroblasts have different phenotype each other in this regard. This data suggest that the significant production of TGF-${\beta}_1$ may develope abnormal wound healing associated with tissue fibroproliferative disorder, such as hypertrophic scar and keloid formation.