• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.30 no.6 s.83
• /
• pp.713-721
• /
• 2000

Bone cells produce multiple growth factors and cytokines that have effects on bone metabolism and can be incorporated into the bone matrix. The present study was designed to extend these observations by examining the interactions between transforming growth factor-$\beta$(TGF-$\beta$) or interleukin-$1\beta$(rhIL-$1\beta$) and bone cells in a rat long bone culture model. IL-$1\beta$ regulates several activities of the osteoblast cells derived from rat long bone explants in vitro. IL-$1\beta$ stimulated cellular proliferation as well as the synthesis of prostaglandin $E_2$ and Plasminogen activator activity in the cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-$\beta$ is present in the bone matrix and potentially released during bone resorption. TGF-$\beta$ reduced basal bone resorption and inhibited vitamin $D_3[1,25(OH)_2D_3]$-induced bone resorption in rat long bone cells. These results support the role of IL-$1\beta$ in the pathological modulation of bone cell metabolism, with regard to implication in the Pathogenesis of osteoporosis by IL-$1\beta$, and that TGF-$\beta$ positively inhibits the bone resorption.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2011

The hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the water fractionated portion of hawthorn fruit on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cellular model. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production in the water fraction and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with an ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the water fraction and LPS was measured with an MTT assay. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA were analyzed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The water fraction of hawthorn fruit was determined to be safe and significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the down-regulation of COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.392-403
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors associated with menstrual distress and characterize the relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance in middle-school girls. Methods: Participants in this correlational study were 117 middle-school girls who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2018 to April 2018 using self-reported structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Factors associated with menstrual distress included physiological, psychological, and situational factors based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Results: Age of menarche (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), amount of menstruation (${\beta}=.23$, p=.004), lifestyle-related exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (${\beta}=.21$, p=.027), and academic and peer-relationship stress (${\beta}=.19$, p=.025) influenced menstrual distress, explaining 47.4% of the variance in this regression model. The relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance was statistically significant. Sleep disturbance was increased 1.26 folds when dysmenorrhea score increased by one unit (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01~1.58). However, parental support was not a significant moderating factor of sleep disturbance. Conclusion: This study provides basis to develop an intervention strategy to alleviate menstrual discomfort in adolescents and improve their quality of sleep.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1979-1985
• /
• 2016

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine has been highly appreciated as a supportive regimen for classical treatment strategies. Here we offer a nutrition-based adjuvant therapy for liver fibrosis, a major risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim of the study: To evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effects of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (JAT) in combination with interferon and ribavirin. Materials and Methods: Twelve groups of rats were administered JAT, interferon and ribavirin either separately or in combination from day one of $CCL_4$ administration until the end of the study. Animals were killed after 8 weeks of $CCL_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. Results: Hepatocytes from rats treated with triple combination of interferon, ribavirin, and JAT showed more less normal architecture compared to $CCL_4$-treated rats. We also detected significantly higher hepatic protein expression levels of p53, BAX and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) in the $CCL_4$-intoxicated group compared to normal controls, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting analyses. Addition of JAT as a supportive regimen improved response to ribavirin and interferon and effectively participated in retaining normal histopathological and biochemical criteria and significantly lowered protein expression of p53, BAX, and TGF-${\beta}$. Conclusions: We suggest that addition of JAT as a supportive r egimen to interferon and ribavirin effectively potentiates their anti-fibrotic effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.694-703
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was a prospective longitudinal study to identify changes in quality of life in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It was based on Roy's adaptation model. Methods: The questionnaires were administered before HSCT, 30 and 100 days after HSCT. Of the 48 potentially eligible patients, 44 (91.7%) participated in the study and 40 (90.9%) completed the questionnaires at 100 days after HSCT. Multilevel analysis was applied to analyze changes in quality of life. Results: Overall, quality of life showed a decreasing tendency from pre-HSCT to 100 days after HSCT. The adaptation level of participants was compensatory. Type of conditioning was the significant factor influencing quality of life before HSCT (${\beta}_{00}$=79.92, p <.001; ${\beta}_{01}$= - 12.64, p <.001) and the change rate of quality of life (${\beta}_{10}$= - 1.66, p =.020; ${\beta}_{11}$=2.88, p =.014). Symptom severity (${\beta}_{20}$= - 1.81, p =.004), depression (${\beta}_{30}$= - 0.58, p =.001), social dependency (${\beta}_{40}$= - 0.35, p =.165), and loneliness (${\beta}_{50}$= - 0.23, p =.065) had a negative effect on changes in quality of life. Symptom severity and depression were statistically significant factors influencing changes in quality of life. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the development of nursing intervention is needed to improve quality of life in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the early immune reconstruction period. The interventions should include programs to enhance coping capacity and programs to help control symptom severity and depression. Also these interventions need to be started from the beginning of HSCT and a multidisciplinary approach would be helpful.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2015

This study has been done to identify the effect of safety culture perception, safety control and safety management activities as perceived by nursing home nurses. A total of 146 cases recruited safety culture perception, safety control and safety management activities. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 Program. The factor that had the most impact on safety management activities were safety culture perception (${\beta}=.40$, p<.001), safety control (${\beta}=.27$, p=.002), experience of safety education (${\beta}=.19$, p=.015), age (${\beta}=.19$, p=.027). The regression model explained 34.5% of the variances(F=5.51, p<.001). The study finding suggests that to develop the program with achievement of safety management activities for nurses of the nursing home.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2014

Mobile phone makers compete for market shares through domination in media advertisements. These include domination of advertisements (Ads) in TV and the internet. However, the abundance and complexity of the competitions of Ads in TV does not guarantee advertising success which can influence consumers' emotion and the purchase intention towards the brand. This research analyses the case of a directional model on Attitude-towards-the-Ad model as a baseline into a new proposed correlation models (MacKenzie, Scott, &Lutz, 1989). The survey targets the involvements of Asian smartphone owners' attitude on advertisements, brands and purchase intentions. CFA (Confirmatory factor Analysis) was used in the research experiments, including hypothesis testing, the outcome of model fit which revealed significant levels and were successful. The study revealed that all three paths have consistently high coefficient paths (Attitude to Ads - Attitude to Brands - Purchase Intention), showing significant value of (${\beta}$=>.80), which supported each correlation factors. Therefore, this structural model, could set standards for creative managers and advertising teams to improve the brands visibility and build strong influences on attitudes in advertisements and improve purchase intentions.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.348-353
• /
• 2012

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) is a cysteine prodrug that maintains glutathione in tissues. The present study was designed to investigate anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative effects of OTC via modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in an in vivo thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis model. Treatment with OTC (80 or 160 mg/kg) improved serum liver function parameters and significantly ameliorated liver fibrosis. The OTC treatment groups exhibited significantly lower expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, and collagen ${\alpha}1$ mRNA than that in the TAA model group. Furthermore, the OTC treatment groups showed a significant decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde level compared to that in the TAA model group. Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression increased significantly in the OTC treatment groups compared with that in the TAA model group. Taken together, these results suggest that OTC restores the anti-oxidative system by upregulating Nrf2; thus, ameliorating liver injury and a fibrotic reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.7
• /
• pp.929-937
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) (ethanol : DW=1:1, v/v) on inhibition of type 2 diabetes using an OLETF rat model via regulation of HbA1c and AGEs levels. Supplementation with ASE 0.1% and 0.5% effectively lowered levels of glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, and Homa-insulin resistance, suggesting reduced insulin resistance. Blood levels of HbA1c and AGEs were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. As oxidative stress plays a key role in accelerating production of HbA1c and AGEs, which worsen symptoms of type 2 diabetes, levels of malonaldehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Lipid peroxidation in both blood and liver tissues was significantly reduced, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-${\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, which elevate production of HbA1c and AGEs, was inhibited (P<0.05). To evaluate the possible cellular events after AGEs receptor activation, genetic expression of protein kinase C (PKC)-${\delta}$ and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Supplementation with both ASE 0.1% and 0.5% significantly inhibited mRNA expression of PKC-${\delta}$ and TGF-${\beta}$, indicating that ASE may have beneficial effects on preventing insulin-resistant cells or tissues from progressing to diabetic complications. Taken together, ASE has potential to improve type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin resistance and protein glycosylation, including production of HbA1c and AGEs. Anti-oxidative activities of ASE are a main requisite for reducing production of HbA1c and AGEs and are also related to regulation of the PKC signaling pathway, resulting in suppression of TGF-${\beta}$, which increases synthesis of collagen, prostaglandin, and disease-related proteins.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2006

Engineers are always concerned with life cycle costs for making important economic decisions through engineering action like reliability of products. Decisions during the reliability growth development of products involve trade-offs between invested costs and its returns. In order to find minimal LCC containing the reliability improvement cost, production cost, repair and replacement costs, and holding cost of spare parts for failure items we suggest in this paper relationship between development cost and sustaining cost in values of growth parameter $\beta$ of AMSAA model. This model is applied to the reliability growth program based on AMSAA model during R&D phase, the warranty activities of items and the block replacement policy for maintenance of items in avionic equipment.