• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

건지황과 숙지황의 에탄올 추출물에 대해 생리활성 실험을 하였는데 돌연변이 유발 억제실험에서는 MNNG의 돌연변이원성을 평가한 결과, 숙지황이 높은 억제활성을 나타내었다. 암세포 성장저해에서 건지황과 숙지황 모두 1 g/ l 의 농도에서 50%이상의 억제율을 보였고 특히, 숙지황은 1 g/ l에서 간암세포(Hep3B)의 성장을 61%까지 억제하였다. 또한 혈당강하 및 혈압조절(ACE활성저해)에서도 숙지황이 건지황보다 우수한 생리활성을 나타내 최고 농도(1 g/ l )에서 각각 63.69%, 56.58%의 억제율을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2005

Strain Kw07$^T$, a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from granules in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor used in the treatment of brewery waste­water. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Kw07T belongs to the a-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was determined to be to Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida IFO 15033T (97.8%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain Kw07T possesses a quinone system with the predominant compound Q-I0, the predominant fatty acid C,s:, OJ7c, and sphingolipids, aU of which corroborated our assignment ofthe strain to the Sphingopyxis genus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain Kw07T represents a distinct species. Based on these data, Kw07T (= KCTC 12209T = NBRC 100800T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel Sphingopyxis species, for which the name Sphingopyxis granuli sp. novo has been proposed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2005

In this study, we demonstrate the use of a PCR-based method for the detection of the specific genes involved in natural-product biosynthesis. This method was applied, using specifically designed PCR primers, to the amplification of a gene segment encoding for sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase, which appears to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, in a variety of actinomycetes species. The sequences of DNA fragments (about 540 bp) obtained from three out of 39 actinomycete strains exhibited a high degree of homology with the sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase gene, which has been implicated in acarbose biosynthesis. The selective cultivation conditions of this experiment induced the expression of these loci, indicating that the range of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-group natural products might be far greater than was previously imagined. Considering that a total of approximately 20 $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol metabolites, or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, have been described to date, it appears likely that some of the unknown loci described herein might constitute new classes of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol, or of its keto analogue-containing metabolites. As these metabolites, some of which contain valienamine, are among the most potent antidiabetic agents thus far discovered, the molecular detection of specific metabolite-producing actinomycetes may prove a crucial step in current attempts to expand the scope and diversity of natural-product discovery.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권1호통권144호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2006

This study investigates the chemical components and biological activities in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts for the purpose of developing natural pharmaceutical products. The proximate components in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts were 81.56% of carbohydrate, 5.80% of crude fat, 7.75% of crude protein, and 2.07% of crude ash. Calcium was the most predominant mineral and followed phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium, in a decreasing order. The content of the unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, was find to be higher than those of saturated fatty acids. Water and methanol extract exhibited antioxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ of $128{\mu}g/ml$ and $144{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, suggesting that the extracts are the major biological component in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity showed that methanol and water extract were the high inhibitory activity. Considering these results, water extracts of Picrasma quassioides (D/Don) Benn. showed the possibility that they can be used as a new material for natural pharmaceutical products.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2015

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise alarmingly because of industrialization of society. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of black ginseng extract (BGE) which was performed panax ginseng. First we examined the inhibitory effects of BGE on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. But there was no practical effects in our observations. We, also, investigate the effects of BGE on glucose uptake of skeletal muscle using 2-NBDG in $C_2C_{12}$ myotube. BGE significantly improved the glucose uptake considered as a lowered blood glucose level. Effects of GBG05-FF on fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse. After injection of STZ, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin rapidly increased. But STZ-induced diabetic mouse treated with GBG05-FF significantly reduced the level of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. This results showed that supplementation of BGE improve the diabetic parameters and BGE have a potentiality as a functional food for Diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

Some characteristics of two forms of glucoamylase (glucan 1 A-$\alpha$-glucosidase, EC 3. 2. I. 3) purified from Aspergillus coreanus NR 15-1 were investigated. The enzymes were produced on a solid, uncooked wheat bran medium of A. coreanus NR 15-1 isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk. Two forms of glucoamylase, GA-I and GA-II, were purified to homogenity after 5.8-fold and 9.6-fold purification, respectively, judged by disc- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of GA-I and GA-II were estimated to be 62 kDa and 90 kDa by Sephadex G-1OO gel filtration, and 64 kDa and 91 kDa by SDS-polyacrylarnide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The optimum temperatures of GA-I and GA-II were 60$^circ$C and 65$^circ$C, respectively, and the optimum pH was 4.0. The activation energy (Ea value) of GA-I and GA-II was 11.66 kcal/mol and 12.09 kcal/mol, respectively, and the apparent Michaelis constants (K_{m}) of GA-I and GA-II for soluble starch were found to be 3.57 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Both enzymes were activated by 1 mM Mn^{2+} and Cu^{2+}, but were completely inhibited by 1 mM N­bromosuccinimide. The GA-II was weakly inhibited by 1 mM p-CMB, dithiothreitol, EDTA, and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, but GA-I was not inhibited by those compounds. Both enzymes had significant ability to digest raw wheat starch and raw rice starch, and hydrolysis rates of raw wheat starch by GA-I and GA-II were 7.8- and 7.3-fold higher than with soluble starch, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2013

This study was performed to compare the quality and functionality of broccoli juice as affected by extraction method. Broccoli juice was extracted using method I (NUC Kuvings silent juicer), method II (NUC centrifugal juicer), and method III (NUC mixer), and the quality properties of the broccoli juices were analyzed using three different methods. Additionally, the antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-hyperglycemic activities of broccoli juice prepared by the three different methods were investigated in vitro. The broccoli juice made by method I contained the highest polyphenol and flavonoid contents at 1,226.24 mg/L and 1,018.32 mg/L, respectively. Particularly, broccoli juice prepared by method I showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than those of the other samples. Additionally, broccoli juice made by method I showed the highest growth inhibitory effects against HeLa, A549, AGS, and HT-29 cancer cells. Broccoli juice prepared by method I had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These results indicate that there are important differences in chemical and functional qualities between juice extraction techniques.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.63-67
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• 1999

We have isolated more than a dozen cDNA clones corresponding to genes that were expressed in Arabidopsis leaves when they were kept in the dark. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed that some of the clones encoded proteins with significant homology to $\beta$-glucosidase (din2), branched-chain $\alpha$-keto acid dehydrogenase subunit E1$\beta$(din3), and another subunit E2 (din4), yeast RAD23 (din5), asparagine synthetase (din6), pre-mRNA splicing factor SRp35 (din7), phosphomannose isomerase (din9), seed imbibition protein (din10), and 2-oxoacid-dependent oxidase (din11). Accumulation of transcripts from din3,4,6 and 10 occurred rapidly after the plants were transferred to darkness. Transcripts from din2,9, and 11 could be detected only after 24 h of dark treatment. Inhibition of photo-synthesis by DCMU strongly induced the accumulation of transcripts from those genes, and application of sucrose to detached leaves suppressed the accumulation both in the dark and by DCMU. These observations indicate that expression of the genes is caused by sugar starvation resulted from the cessation of photosynthesis. We further showed that din2-encoded protein also accumulated in senescing leaves. Given these results, possible roles of din genes in leaves in the dark and senescing leaves are discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2011

An endocellulase-free multienzyme complex was produced by a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum strain NOI-1, when grown on xylan. The temperature and pH optima for growth were $60^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The bacterial cells were found to adhere to insoluble xylan and Avicel. A scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the adhesion of xylan to the cells. An endocellulase-free multienzyme complex was isolated from the crude enzyme of strain NOI-1 by affinity purification on cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The molecular mass of the multienzyme complex was estimated to be about 1,200 kDa. The multienzyme complex showed one protein on native PAGE, one xylanase on a native zymogram, 21 proteins on SDS-PAGE, and 5 xylanases on a SDS zymogram. The multienzyme complex consisted of xylanase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase. The multienzyme complex was effective in hydrolyzing xylan and corn hulls. This is the first report of an endocellulase-free multienzyme complex produced by a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, T. thermosaccharolyticum strain NOI-1.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2013

In order to develop new skin whitening agents, we prepared the $CH_2Cl_2$ layer (NGC) and BuOH layer (NGB) of 75% EtOH extract of the Nelumbinis nucifera Gaertner. We measured their tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16-F1 melanoma cells. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay, NGC and NGB suppressed melanin production up to 52% and 46% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of NGC and NGB on melanogenesis, we measured the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins by western blot assay. As a result, NGC suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein, and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). And NGB inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase and MITF, but had no significant effect on TRP-1, TRP-2, and p-CREB expression. Moreover, NGB increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effect on the glycosylation of tyrosinase. As a result, NGC and NGB inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in vitro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in B16-F1 melanoma cells. From these results, we concluded that NGC and NGB could be used as active ingredients for skin whitening.