• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1086-1090
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• 2006

The chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the twigs of Acer tegmentosum led to the isolation of ten phenolic compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods as 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl-quercetin (1), 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone (3), (-)-catechin (4), morin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-lyxoside (5), p-hydroxy phenylethyl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (7), fraxin (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl alcohol 4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9) and 4-(2,3-dihydroxy propyl)-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). The compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited good cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines with $ED_{50}$ values ranging from $1.32\;to\;3.85\;{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2005

In this study, we attempted to characterize the Synechococcus sp. pee 7942 mutant resultant from a disruption in the gene encoding UDP-glucose: tetrahydrobiopterin a-glucosyltransferase (BGluT). 2D­PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed that phycocyanin rod linker protein 33K was one of the proteins expressed at lower level in the BGluT mutant. BGluT mutant cells were also determined to be more sensitive to high light stress. This is because photosynthetic O$_2$ exchange rates were significantly decreased, due to the reduced number of functional PSIs relative to the wild type cells. These results suggested that, in Synechococcus sp. pee 7942, BH4-glucoside might be involved in photosynthetic photoprotection.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2011

Eight compounds, squalene (1), friedelin (2), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (3), ${\beta}$-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (4), ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (5), betulinic acid (6), trilinolein (7) and 1-O-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-3-nonadecanoyl glycerol (8), were isolated from the barks of Tilia amurensis. Their chemical structures were identified by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those published in the literature. These isolated compounds were examined for their inhibitory activities against topoisomerase I and II. Compound 7 showed significant inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I and II activities, with percent decreases in activity of 87 and 95%, respectively at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}M$. Compound 6 exhibited cytotoxicity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and the human liver hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG-2), with $IC_{50}$ values of 20, 59 and $16\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2002

Five terpenes (1~5), three fatty acids (6~8), two sterols (9 and 11), and a monogalactosyldiacyl glycerol (10) were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of the aerial part of Cirsium setidens. Their chemical structures were determined to be $\alpha$-tocopherol (1), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3$\beta$-o1 (2), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3$\beta$-o1 (3), mokko lactone (4), transphytol (5), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (6), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (7), hexadecanoic acid (8), acylglycosyl $\beta$-sitosterol (9), (2R)-1, 2-O-(9z, 12z, 15z-dioctadecatrienoyl)-3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (10) and $\beta$-sitosterol glucoside (11) by spectral evidences. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines with its $ED_{50}$ values ranging from 2.66 to 11.25 $\mu$M.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.279-282
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• 2004

An antioxidant was isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) by consecutive purification using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-HPLC. The active principle was identified as homo-flavoyadorinin-B (3',7-dimethoxyluteolin-4'-O-[apiosyl $(1{\rightarrow}2)$ glucoside]) by spectral analyses. It inhibited 74.6% of hydroxyl radical and 30.6% of superoxide anion radical at 0.01 mM; however, th~compound did not show any scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide radical. At 0.1 mM, above compound scavenged superoxide anion radical about twice as effective as positive controls, BHT and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. Radical scavenging activities of homo-flavoyadorinin-B on DPPH, hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide radicals were almost same with those of positive controls.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

Screening microorganisms that can produce glucan hydrolases for industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications is important. Herein, we describe a novel approach to perform glucan hydrolase screening-based on analysis of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) spectra-which involves degradation of the oligo- and polysaccharides. As a proof-of-concept study, glucan hydrolases that could break down glucans made of several glucose units were used to demonstrate the MALDI-MS-based enzyme assay. First, the enzyme activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase and cellulase on a mixture of glucan oligosaccharides were successfully discriminated, where changes of the MALDI-MS profiles directly reflected the glucan hydrolase activities. Next, we validated that this MALDI-MS-based enzyme assay could be applied to glucan polysaccharides (i.e., pullulan, lichenan, and schizophyllan). Finally, the bacterial glucan hydrolase activities were screened on 96-well plate-based platforms, using cell lysates or samples of secreted enzyme. Our results demonstrated that the MALDI-MS-based enzyme assay system would be useful for investigating bacterial glucoside hydrolases in a high-throughput manner.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 2023

Cornuside is a secoiridoid glucoside compound extracted from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Cornuside has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its potential therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been completely explored. In this study, we established an in vitro model of DN through treating mesangial cells (MMCs) with glucose. MMCs were then treated with different concentrations of cornuside (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). Cell viability was determined using cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-associated genes. We found that cornuside treatment significantly reduced glucose-induced increase in MMC viability and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, cornuside inhibited glucose-induced phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB inhibitor alpha, decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, and increased the expression of p21. Our study indicates that the anti-inflammatory properties of cornuside in DN are due to AKT and NF-κB inactivation in MMCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1331-1335
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• 2009

We have studied the anti-diabetic effects of medicinal plant water extracts on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes such as glucokinase (GK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitor is usually used to prevent and treat type II diabetes; thus, anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity of medicinal plant water extracts was assayed. The hepatic cytosol faction of a type II diabetic animal (Goto-Kakizaki rat) was used in GK and ACC activity assays. The medicinal plants were Lycium chinense (JGP), Discorea japonica Thunb. (SY), Pyrus pyrifolia (YSB), Cornus officinalis (SSY), Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (MDP), Cordyceps militaris (DCH), and Acanthopanax senticosus (GSO). JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts increased the hepatic GK activity and all medicinal plant water extracts led to an increase in hepatic ACC activity. YSB, SSY, MDP, and GSO water extracts showed significantly higher anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity than control samples. The highest anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity was observed in GSO water extract and the anti-$\alpha$-glucoside activity was higher than that of Acarbose (reference $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor). We suggest that JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts may exert an anti-diabetic effect by enhancing the glucose metabolism and that YSB, MDP and GSO may be used as natural $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors in type II diabetic conditions. Increased ACC activity by plant water extracts may provide additional anti-diabetic effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.753-761
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• 1990

The physicochemical properties of starches from aerial and subterranean tuber of yam were compared with those of rice and sweet potato. Aerial tuber yam contained higher level of amylose than others, whereas water binding capacity, swelling power and solubility was highest in subterranean tuber yam starch. Brabender amylograms of 5% starch suspensions indicated that the initial pasting temperature of yam starches were slightly higher than that of rice and sweet potato starches, the maximum viscosities of starches from subterranean and aerial tuber yam were 860 and 590 B.U., respectively. Yam starches were more difficult to hydrolyze by ${\alpha}-amylase$ than rice and sweet potato starches. ${\beta}-Amylolysis\;limit$ for yam starches and their amylose and amylopectin were higher than rice and sweet potato starches. The elution profiles of starches on Sepharose CL-2B were different from each other but they were similar between yam starches. Incomplete debranched fractions in the aerial tuber yam amylopectin was particularly higher than other samples. The weight ratio of short chains to long chains for debranched amylopectins was the lowest in aerial tuber yam.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.363-366
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• 2000

The sequences of the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA from seven Sporobolomyces species, Bensingtonia subrosea, and Rhodosporicium toruloides were determined and compared with those from representatives of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, and Sporidiobolus. The five species of Sporobolomyces analyzed were distantly related to a monophyletic clade consisting of species of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae. Sporobolomyces falcatus was found to be closely related to Tremella exigua. The members of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae were divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of Leucosporidium scottii and two Rhodotorula species, and group 2 contained three Rhodotorula species. Group 3 was designeate as the Sporobolomyces/Sporidiobolus core group, as it contained Sporidiobolus johnsonii, the type species of Sporidiobolus and the teleomorphic state of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor (the type species of Sporobolomyces). Group 4, named the Rhodotorula/Rhodosporidium core group, included Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodotorula glutinis, the type species of the genera Fhodosporidium and Rhodotorula, respectively. The four groups were differentiated on the basis of their physiological characteristics including the assimilation of D-glucosamine, glucuronate, 2-keto-gluconate, L-arabinitol, raffinose, methyl-$\alpha$-glucoside, and satrch. The taxonomy of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, and Sporobolomyces will require a major revision when more data becomes available.