• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

Generalizing $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames and almost compact frames, we introduce a concept of almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames. Using a concept of ${\delta}$-filters on frames, we characterize almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames and then have their permanence properties. We also show that almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ regular $D({\aleph}_1)$ frames are exactly $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames. Finally we construct an almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}fication$ of a frame L via the simple extension of L associated with the set of all ${\delta}$-filters F on L with ${\bigvee}\{x^*{\mid}x{\in}F\}=e$.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.909-931
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• 2015

This paper presents some new paranormed sequence spaces $X(r,s,t,p;{\Delta})$ where $X{\in}\{l_{\infty}(p),c(p),c_0(p),l(p)\}$ defined by using generalized means and difference operator. It is shown that these are complete linear metric spaces under suitable paranorms. Furthermore, the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-duals of these sequence spaces are computed and also obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for some matrix transformations from $X(r,s,t,p;{\Delta})$ to X. Finally, it is proved that the sequence space $l(r,s,t,p;{\Delta})$ is rotund when $p_n$ > 1 for all n and has the Kadec-Klee property.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1984

A modified E. coli trp operon, $trpL({\Delta}att)\;trpE^{FBR}$, was conjugally transfered into Klebsiella pneumoniae $KC_{100}\;(Phe^-,\;Tyr^-,\;Trp^-,\;Rif^r,\;Kam^r)$ by in vivo cloning using the hybrid plasmid $R_{6}K::$ Mucts 61 with a transfer frequency of $5.2{\times}10^{-7}$. Two K. pneumoniae transconjugants, $KUA_{701}\;and\;KUA_{702}$, were isolated. The characters of attenuation control-free and resistance to feedback-inhibition which are characteristics of donor C. coli trp operon were normally expressed in the $KUA_{701}.\;However,\;KUA_{702}$ retained only the feedback-inhibition resistant character. $Trp^+$ phenotype and ampicillin resistant character were completely stable in the transconjugants, but streptomycin resistant character was lost in the transconjugants.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.291-307
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• 1996

In this paper, we shall show the existence of solutions of the following nonlinear partial differential equation $$ {^{divA(-\Delta u) = f(x, u, \Delta u) in \Omega}^{u = 0 on \partial\Omega} $$ where $f(x, u, \Delta u) = -u$\mid$\Delta u$\mid$^{p-2} + h, p \geq 2, h \in L^\infty$.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1984

수평관내 증기분무류의 응축열전달에 관하여 실험을 행하고 상당 Reynolds수를 근거로한 열전달효과와의 비교에서 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관내 응축증기 분무류일 경우의 벽면전단응력의 식은 다음과 같이 쓸 수 있다. root($\tau$하(0)/$\tau$하(0v))=1+1.46X 하(tt) 상(0.20). 2. 분무류의 응축열전달효과가 상당 Reynolds수에 의한 값보다 대체로 낮게 나타난 이유는 관내 반경 및 길이방향의 불균일한 액막형성에 의한 Reynolds수 측정값의 차이 때문이다. 3. 분무류의 응축열전달효과에 의한 N sub(u)의 값은 다음과 같다. N 하(u)=1.08$\times$[{$\rho$ 하(l) d/$\mu$ 하(l)}/{$\delta$+(2.5/P 하(rl)) ln(y 하(i)/$\delta$)}]$\times${$\tau$ 하(0)/ $\rho$ 하(l)} 상(1/2)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1288-1298
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• 2019

Bacterial ATP synthases drive ATP synthesis by a rotary mechanism, and play a vital role in physiology and cell metabolism. Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as an industrial workhorse for amino acid production, and its ATP synthase operon contains eight structural genes and two adjacent genes, cg1360 and cg1361. So far, the physiological functions of Cg1360 (GenBank CAF19908) and Cg1361 (GenBank CAF19909) remain unclear. Here, we showed that Cg1360 was a hydrophobic protein with four transmembrane helices (TMHs), while no TMH was found in Cg1361. Deletion of cg1360, but not cg1361, led to significantly reduced cell growth using glucose and acetic acid as carbon sources, reduced F1 portions in the membrane, reduced ATP-driven proton-pumping activity and ATPase activity, suggesting that Cg1360 plays an important role in ATP synthase function. The intracellular ATP concentration in the ${\Delta}cg1360$ mutant was decreased to 72% of the wild type, while the NADH and NADPH levels in the ${\Delta}cg1360$ mutant were increased by 29% and 26%, respectively. However, the ${\Delta}cg1361$ mutant exhibited comparable intracellular ATP, NADH and NADPH levels with the wild-type strain. Moreover, the effect of cg1360 deletion on L-valine production was examined in the L-valine-producing V-10 strain. The final production of L-valine in the $V-10-{\Delta}cg1360$ mutant reached $9.2{\pm}0.3g/l$ in shake flasks, which was 14% higher than that of the V-10 strain. Thus, Cg1360 can be used as an effective engineering target by altering energy metabolism for the enhancement of amino acid production in C. glutamicum.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.40-51
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• 2006

To investigate the association between Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake in HIV-1 infected patients and occurrence of grossly deleted nef genes ($g{\Delta}nef$), we characterized nef genes in 10 long-term slow progressors (LTSP) infected with HIV-1 subtype B and 34 control patients. LTSP was defined whose the annual decrease in CD4 T cells was less than $20/{\mu}l$ over 10 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. They were treated with KRG for a prolonged period. Nef genes were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using nested PCR and products were sequenced directly. Patient CD4 T cell counts decreased from $444{\pm}207/{\mu}l$ to $294{\pm}177/{\mu}l$ over $136{\pm}23$ months of KRG intake. This corresponds to an annual decrease in the level of CD4 T cells of $13.3/{\mu}l$. A total of 479 nef genes were amplified from 137 PBMC samples. Nine out of the 10 patients, 47 (34.3%) out of the 137 samples, and 92 out of the 479 genes revealed $g{\Delta}nef$. The deletion extended outside the nef gene in 25 $g{\Delta}nef$ obtained from 6 patients. The proportion of samples with $g{\Delta}nef$ (34.3%) was significantly higher than 4.8% in control patients (P<0.001). In addition, it significantly increased as the duration of KRG intake prolongs (P<0.01). These data suggest the possibility that occurrence of $g{\Delta}nef$ might be associated with long-term intake of KRG.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

Characteristics of dissimilar metal welds between ASTM Type 316L and carbon steel ASTM A516 Gr.70 made with FCAW were evaluated in terms of microstructure, ferrite content, EDS analysis, hardness, tensile strength, impact toughness and corrosion resistance. Three heat inputs of 10.4, 16.9, 23.4kJ/cm were employed to make joints of dissimilar metals with E309LMoT1-1 wire. Microstructure of dissimilar weld metals consisted of mostly vermicular type of ${\delta}$-ferrite and some lathy type of ${\delta}$-ferrite, and ${\delta}$-ferrite was transformed into globular type in reheated zone. In all conditions, weld metals were solidified on FA solidification mode. Based on the EDS analysis of weld metals, All Creq/Nieq values were in the range of FA solidification mode, and it was decreased with increasing heat inputs whereas it was increased with increasing layers. The amount of ${\delta}$-ferrite was decreased with increasing heat input due to the difference of cooling rate, and it was increased with increasing layers. Accordingly, hardness and tensile strength of dissimilar metals weld joints was decreased with increasing heat input while impact energy was increased with increasing heat input. Corrosion test of dissimilar metals weld joints showed that weight gain rate of heat input 10.4kJ/cm was the greatest, and that of three heat inputs became constant after certain time.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.195-202
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• 1998

The effect of the number of nodes on the heat loss from a rectangular fin for a finite difference method is studied. There are two ways for selecting nodes for the upper half fin in this finite difference method. In the first place, all the ${\Delta}x$ are the same and all the ${\Delta}y$ are the same for the entire upper half fin. Incremental length of x (i.e. ${\Delta}x$) is divided by two near the fin tip while all the ${\Delta}y$ are the same for another way. The results show that 1) About 30 nodes are enough to obtain the satisfactory exact analysis (relative error < 5%) on the heat loss for a given range of Biot number in case of short fin (i.e. $L{\leq}2$). 2) Under usual circumstances (Bi<0.1), the relative error of heat loss between using 30 nodes and 90 nodes is within 4% for given range of non-dimensional fin length. 3) The relative error of the calculated heat loss (the number of node=90) as compared to the expected exact heat loss is less then 1.5% for Bi=0.1 and L=10 while that is over 13% for Bi=1.0 and L=10.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2009

목적 : 심근관류 스펙트 검사 시 부하로 인한 일시적인 심근 기절, 가역적 관류결손 등이 좌심실 구혈률에 영향을 준다는 사실은 익히 알려져 있다. 이러한 이유로 부하기/휴식기검사시 게이트법의 적용이 권고되고 있으며 99m-Tc을 이용하여 부하기/휴식기 좌심실 구혈률의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 여러 차례 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 99m-Tc 대신 Tl-201을 이용한 심근관류 스펙트에서 부하기와 휴식기 좌심실 구혈률의 상관관계를 규명하고 좌심실 구혈률의 변동의 예측가능한 지표를 정의하는 것이다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 2008년 6월부터 2009년 2월까지 본원에서 $^{201}Tl$ 게이트 심근관류 SPECT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 성인 144명(남:여=87:57, 평균나이 $62{\pm}10$세)의 환자를 대상으로 연구 분석하였다. 데이터 분석에는 QGS (Quantitative gated SPECT) 소프트웨어를 이용하였고, 자동화된 방식으로 수축기말 용적(End-systolic volume, ESV), 확장기말 용적(End-diastolic volume, EDV), EF를 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 부하기/휴식기의 EF값, EDV와 ESV의 크기, 심근관류결손의 가역성 여부를 기준으로 EF값의 상관관계를 paired t- test와 Bland-Altman 분석을 이용하여 비교 분석 하였다. 결과 : 부하기와 휴식기 EF값의 대응분포는 높은 상관관계(r=0.92)를 나타냈으며, 이들간의 EF값의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p=0.11). Bland-Altman 분석 결과 부하기와 휴식기 EF값의 차이(${\Delta}EF$)는 평균 0.52% (95% 신뢰구간, -1.17~0.12%)로 나타났다. 평균 ${\Delta}EF$와 부하기와 휴식기 EF값의 차이가 없을 것이라는 가설(${\Delta}EF$=0)과의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.10). 부하기와 휴식기 EDV와 ESV에 따른 ${\Delta}EF$의 상관관계는 휴식기 ESV가 28mL 미만(p<0.05)일 때를 제외하고 모두 통계적으로 의미있는 차이가 없었고, 관류결손의 가역성 여부에 따른 ${\Delta}EF$의 상관관계에서는 가역성 관류결손을 가진 환자에게서 ${\Delta}EF$의 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 부하기와 휴식기 EF값에 따른 ${\Delta}EF$는 부하기 EF가 55% 미만일 경우에 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론 : $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI을 이용한 연구 결과와 마찬가지로 휴식기와 부하기 EF값의 변동에는 대체로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다만 부하기 EF값이 55% 미만일 경우, 휴식기 ESV가 28 mL 미만일 경우, 가역성 관류결손을 가진 환자의 경우에 ${\Delta}EF$에 유의한 차이가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과를 충분히 고려하여, 게이트 심근관류 SPECT 검사시 심기능이 저하된 환자나 가역성 관류결손을 가진 환자에게서 ${\Delta}EF$의 유의한 차이 발생을 사전에 인지 가능한 유용한 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.