• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.37 no.3_4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

We study the orbit behaviours of recurrent, uniformly recurrent and Poisson stable points. we give conditons that a point is to be recurrent or uniformly recurrent by analyzing the behaviours of their orbits. Also, we study dynamical properties of equicontinuous points and points of characteristic $0^+$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.3_4
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• pp.693-697
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• 2012

In this note, we discuss $N(R,<_R)$-structure in a semiring, and show that if ($R,+,{\cdot}$) is a cancellative $<_+$-stable semiring, then ($R/N(R,<_+),+,{\cdot}$) is a semiring.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.647-707
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• 2023

In this article, we discuss and survey the recent progress towards the Schottky problem, and make some comments on the relations between the André-Oort conjecture, Okounkov convex bodies, Coleman's conjecture, stable modular forms, Siegel-Jacobi spaces, stable Jacobi forms and the Schottky problem.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.144-158
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• 2020

Quantitative reverse transcription PCR is used for gene expression analysis as the accurate and sensitive method. To analyze quantification of gene expression changes in apple plants, 10 housekeeping genes (ACT, CKL, EF-1α, GAPDH, MDH, PDI, THFs, UBC, UBC10, and WD40) were evaluated for their stability of expression during infection by Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) or in cold-stress apple plant buds. Five reference-gene validation programs were used to establish the order of the most stable genes for ASGV as CKL>THFs>GAPDH>ACT, and the least stable genes WD40CKL>UBC10, and the least stable genes were ACT

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.183-193
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• 2018

Channel-forming discharge for downstream section of Yeongju dam in Naesung stream was calculated to analyze stable channel geometry. Determined channel-forming discharge was applied to design stable channel slope, depth, and base width at Yonghyeol station. Used data for channel-forming discharge and stable channel analysis were collected in downstream section of Yeongju dam in Naesung stream before the dam construction. Specified recurrence interval discharge, effective discharge, and bankfull discharge were analyzed and compared to decide final channel-forming discharge which was $260m^3/s$ of bankfull discharge. Stable channel analysis and design program was applied to predict stable channel section of width, depth, and slope with various sediment transport equations of Ackers and White, Brownlie, Engelund and Hansen, and Yang's equations. As a result, all equations of sediment transport produced milder slopes compared to current bed slope of 0.00177 and Ackers and White equation presented the most similar flow depth of current section with the design constraint of current channel width.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 1999

Nursing organization culture is common patterns of believing, thinking and behaving resulted from a variety of experiences and interaction nurses in the same setting. This study was performed based on the assumption of existence of different subcultures within meta-culture, to identify the differences of subculture among 5 nursing units and to analyze the relationship between nursing organization culture and organizational commitment In this study, two kinds of instruments were used. One was the instrument of nursing organization culture developed by researcher through literature review and interview with nurses. The other one was Mowday's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire to measure organizational commitment of nurses. Both of them were structured with 5 scale. The answers were analyzed using SPSS program. The results were as follows : The meta-culture of the nursing organization culture was the people stable culture. There were significant differences in people development culture and people stable culture among 5 nursing units and all 5 units had different culture score. Especially, emergency room had strong development culture, and stable culture was dominant in operating room. Other units except emergency room and operating room had high scores in people stable culture than other culture types, but revealed different distribution. There were significant differences of the nursing organizational culture types -people development, task development, people stable, task stable-among 5 units. Four types of nursing organizational culture consisted of competing values in one organization. Nurses's organizational commitments were sign ificantly different among the units. The score per ceived by nurses who work in emergency room, operating room and leu was higher commitment score than that of medical/surgical nursing units Nurse's commitment to nursing organization was also related to total work period as nurse in any setting and work period in this hospital. Organizational commitment was significantly different among the nursing culture types, indicating that the scores of developmental culture were higher than stable culture. In conclusion, there were many different subcultures in nursing organization. In subculture, the organizational commitment was different. Therefore, the change of nursing organization culture or nursing unit culture needs to be considered to hire, give orientation, teach. and reallocate nurses efficiently. Research on nursing organization culture using both qualitative and quantitative method needs to be further considered. Furthermore, the strategy in nursing organization culture for nursing administrator to manage human resources efficiently and to change nursing unit effectively, needs to be developed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.517-523
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• 2017

A linear relationship between two stable water isotopes, oxygen and hydrogen, has been used to understand the water cycle as a basic tool. A slope and intercept from the linear relationship indicates what kind of physical processes occur during movement of water. Traditionally, ordinary least squares (OLS) method has been utilized for the linear relationship, but total least squares (TLS) method provides more accurate slope and intercept theoretically because isotopic compositions of both oxygen and hydrogen have uncertainties. In this work, OLS and TLS were compared with isotopic compositions of snow and snowmelt collected from the King Sejong Station, Antarctica and isotopic compositions of water vapor observed by Lee et al. (2013) in the western part of Korea. The slopes from the linear relationship of isotopic compositions of snow and snowmelt at the King Sejong Station were estimated to be 7.00 (OLS) and 7.16(TLS) and the slopes of stable water vapor isotopes were 7.75(OLS) and 7.87(TLS). There was a melting process in the snow near the King Sejong Station and the water vapor was directly transported from the ocean to the study area based on the slope calculations. There is no significant difference in two slopes to interpret the physical processes. However, it is necessary to evaluate the slope differences from the two methods for studies for example, groundwater recharge processes, using the absolute slope values.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 2020

In this study, we simulated an amine regeneration process with heat-stable salts removal unit. We derived the optimal operating conditions considering the flow rate of waste, the removal rate of heat-stable salts, and the loss rate of MDEA (methyl diethanolamine). In the amine regeneration process that absorbs and removes acid gas, heat-stable salt impairs the absorption efficiency of process equipment and amine solution. An ion exchange resin method is to remove heat-stable salts through neutralization by using a strong base solution such as NaOH. The acid gas removal process was established using the Radfrac model, and the equilibrium constant of the reaction was calculated using Gibbs free energy. The removed amine solution is separated and flows to the heat-stable salts remover which is modeled by using the Rstoic model with neutralization reaction. Actual operation data and simulation results were compared and verified, and also a case study was conducted by adjusting the inflow mass of removal unit followed by suggesting optimal conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the various knee angles and ground state on the muscular activities and fatigue of the ankle muscles by integrated electromyograms (iEMG) and median frequency of tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and gastrocnemius (GC). Ten healthy male subjects were participated into stable and balance ball sessions at four angles of knee joint. The surface electromyograms (sEMG) were recorded from the TA, PL, FDL and GC on stable and balance ball with full weight bearing at four knee angles of $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The time serial data of the surface electromyographic signals were transformed into integrated and frequency serial data by fast fourier transformation. On the stable ground, the iEMG signals of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly higher at $45^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of knee angles than $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion (p<0.05). On the balance ball, the iEMG of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly higher at $45^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of knee angles than $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion (p<0.05). The median frequency of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly lower at $45^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of knee angles than $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ of knee on the stable ground (p<0.05). On the balance ball, also the median frequency of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly lower at $45^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of knee angles than $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion (p<0.05). The iEMG of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly higher on the balance ball at $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ of knee angles compared with stable ground. The median frequency of the TA, PL, FDL and GC were significantly lower on the balance ball at $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ of knee angles compared with stable ground. These results indicate that the ground conditions and angles of the knee joint involved to muscular activities and fatigue of ankles muscles, may performed at first on stable ground and then balance ball in order to $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2022

This study investigated dietary habits and intra- and inter-specific food resource partitioning of co-occurring walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) from the waters off the north-eastern coast of South Korea using stomach contents and stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses. Both species are mesopelagic carnivores that consumed mainly benthopelagic crustaceans, but teleosts were also abundant in the diet of Pacific cod. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of dietary data revealed significant intra- and inter-specific dietary differences, i.e., food resource partitioning. Nitrogen stable isotope values (δ¹⁵N) were similar between walleye pollock and Pacific cod, but carbon stable isotope values (δ¹³C) were significant different, suggesting different trophic positioning. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) ordination plot further demonstrated that differences in the type and range of prey ingested by the two species contributed such an inter-specific difference in the diet compositions. Ontogenetic changes in diet compositions were evident. As walleye pollock, they preyed more upon carid shrimps and cephalopods, but no such trend was observed in the diets of Pacific cod. While stable isotope values indicated that large-sized specimens of both species were significantly enriched in ¹⁵N relative to smaller conspecifics thus supporting these data. Consequently, in this study, both methodologies, i.e., stomach contents and stable isotope analyses, provided evidence of inter- and/or intra-specific dietary segregations and trophic niche partitioning between co-occurring walleye pollock and Pacific cod off eastern Korean waters.