• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.393-399
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• 2012

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects of extracts from Aruncus diocius var. kamtschaticus (ADV) were investigated. According to the results, the ethanol extract has better antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects than the water extract. The amounts of total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds in the ethanol extract were 122 and 36 mg/g, respectively, while those in the water extract were 87 and 26 mg/g. The antioxidant activities of the ethanol and water extracts were 395 and 4,682 ${\mu}g/mL$ as the $RC_{50}$ values for the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and 227 and 366 ${\mu}g/mL$ for the $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. The reducing power of the ethanol extract (1.58 at 2 mg/mL) was higher than that of the water extract (0.88 at 2 mg/mL). The astringent activities of the ethanol and water extracts were 91.27 and 16.35% at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ADV ethanol extract treatment of the fibroblast cell after UV irradiation resulted in increased cell viability (10% at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) and collagen biosynthesis (33% at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$), with a lowering in the MMP-1 expression level (16.8 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$). These results demonstrate that AVD provides a remarkable and significant tensor and anti-wrinkling effect on the skin, which could be of a great use in anti-aging skin care products.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2014

A design and analysis for new foot sensor that measures pressure distribution while walking or running in daily life is introduced. In the process of the sensor design, the shape, mechanism composing of the sensor, and variables that dominate sensor's sensitivity are investigated. Through these variables analysis, an optimal shape and dimension were determined. The effects of variables on sensor's sensitivity and the relationship between each variable are proved by analyses and experiments.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.524-526
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• 2003

Lipsticks are cosmetics which do not contain water and are usually preserved with parabens. When submitted to the Challenge Test, theses products did not reach the CTFA criteria, which means that microbiological contamination could occur before the end of its shelf life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination level of 130 lipsticks after its use. Microorganisms were isolated from 14,6 % of the samples. However, only in two samples (1,5%) the contamination level exceeded the 100 CFU/g level, which means that, although the preservative system was not efficient to eliminate bacteria, the lack of free water was enough to prevent the microbial development. Total bacteria and fungi were determined by conventional methodology, according to CTFA Microbiological Guidelines. The microbes were then isolated and characterized as normal skin flora microorganisms. This suggest that products were contaminated by the constant application of lipsticks by consumers. This could lead to cross contamination when the same product is shared by several people. Extra care should be taken into account when this type of products are available to be tested by several consumers in demonstration displays.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ultrasonic wave scanning on the quality of fried chicken breast. The ultrasonic wave scanning time was 0(US-0), 3(US-3), 7(US-7) and 10(US-10) minutes, no respective comparison here. The moisture of raw breast was higher than that of flied chicken, while the crude protein, fat and ash of fried chicken were higher than those of raw breast(p<0.05). The moisture content was influenced by the ultrasonic waves scanning, but the crude protein, fat and ash were not. The $L^*$(lightness) and $b^*$(yellowness) values of fried chicken were higher than those of raw breast but the $a^*$(redness) value of raw breast was higher than that of fried chicken. The $L^*$ value was lowest in US-0, while the $a^*$ value was not significantly different and the $b^*$ value was lowest in US-7 among the fried chicken samples(p<0.05). The fried chicken was not influenced by the ultrasonic wave scanning, indicating that the longer scanning time increased the water holding capacity. The pH ranged from 6.54 to 6.93, and the calorie of fried was higher than that of raw breast, but was not influenced by the ultrasonic wave scanning time. The VBN content ranged from 8.73 to 12.3 mg%. The TBARS value of raw breast was lower than that of flied chicken and was not influenced by the ultrasonic wave scanning time. Total amino acid was highest in raw breast and lowest in US-3(p<0.05). The taste, texture and juiciness were superior with increasing scanning time, but flavor and Palatability were not significantly different among the fried chicken samples(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2014

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of three extracts (hot water, 50% ethanol and mixed solvent;water, ethanol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol) of dried chestnut, chestnut shell, chestnut leaves and dried chestnut leaves obtained from Castanea crenata tree. When conducted DPPH assay, radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of chestnut shell was the highest with $IC_{50}$ $10.8{\mu}g/mL$ among four extracts from these parts (p < 0.05). In additional results by the xanthine oxidase assay, antioxidant activity showed that water extract of chestnut leaves showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the tested extracts (p < 0.05). Futhermore, extracts of chestnut shell and leaves exhibited no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Also, anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed LPS-induced NO was significantly inhibited following treatment with extracts of chestnut shell and leaves of 3mg/mL (p < 0.05). These data suggest that extract of chestnut shell have antioxidant and anti-inflamantory activity including chestnut leaves. Therefore, it is considered that Castanea crenata research range and selection of functional material can broaden chestnut shell to other fractions such as chestnut and chestnut leaves.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.; HS), an annual herbaceous plant in the Cannabis genus, has been reported to play various biological functions in immunity increase, atherosclerosis, constipation, hyperlipidemia prevention, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. In recently years, as superfood, the growing interest in the health care benefits of hemp seed has led to increased consumption. In this study, we investigated the effect of an ethanol extract of HS fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3107, L. plantarum KCTC 3108, L. brevis BHN-LAB128, L. paracasei BHN-LAB129). An antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were 13.99 mm and 15.17 mm, respectively. The ethanol extracts of fermented hemp seed by lactic acid bacteria that the contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity were increased compared to non-fermented hemp seed. Also, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the fermented hemp seed (FHS), known to melanin increasing substance was increased. In these results, we suggested that FHS have effects of anti-oxidant, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Hence, we proposed that FHS has possible to development as functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.536-544
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• 2017

This study was carried out to find out the physiological activity effect of Sicyos angulatus L. extract which is known as an ecosystem disturbance plant and confirm the availability as a functional cosmetic material. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and DPPH radical scavenging, intracellular ROS, and its inhibitory effect on the expression Nitric oxide of and COX-2 were evaluated. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid was found to be 3.079 mg(CA)/100g and 72 mg(Q)/100g of Sicyos angulatus L. extract and antioxidant activity through high radical scavenging activity was confirmed. ~Significant cytotoxicity was not observed up to a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells and HDF cells and concentration-dependent inhibition of ROS production in HDF cells, inhibition of high NO production and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells were confirmed. Through these results, we found the possibility of use as a functional cosmetic material with excellent antioxidant effect and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of intracellular ROS generation, inhibition of NO generation, and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

To identify new active anti-wrinkle ingredients, this study investigated the anti-wrinkle effects of Schizandra chinensis Baillon fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (SCF) by assessment of cytotoxicity of human dermal fibroblast, collagen biosynthesis, matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) inhibition and elastase inhibition. S. chinensis was fermented with L. rhamnosus for 1 day at $37^{\circ}C$. The cytotoxicity of SCF was evaluated by a cytopathic effect reduction method. Effects on collagen biosynthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) of SCF were evaluated by previous reported method using procollagen type-IC peptide EIA kit and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Biotrack activity Assay Kit, respectively. Elastase inhibition assay was conducted by reaction of enzyme and substrate using N-Suc-$(Ala)_3$-nitroanilide as the substrate. As the results, SCF didn't show cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblast at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Also, SCF was increased collagen synthesis and showed inhibitory effect of MMP-1 (p < 0.05). In the elastase inhibition assay, the $IC_{50}$ of SCF was $36.4{\mu}g/mL$. Therefore, our results indicated that SCF possesses anti-wrinkle effects and can be used practically for anti-wrinkle care of skin.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.6
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• pp.328-333
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• 2010

Background: There are several active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korean high schools each school year. The risk of transmission in schools is extremely high due to the considerable time spent in closed classrooms. We evaluated the control of latent tuberculosis infection in Korean high schools. Methods: When a student was identified with active TB, tuberculin skin testing was performed on their classmates and on students in their same school grade. When a student had a positive tuberculin skin tests (TST), they underwent follow-up testing with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT). The manufacturer recommended a cut-off of 0.35 IU/mL to determine QFT positivity was applied. Results: A total of 131 pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients were included based on the criteria for screening TB contacts in the National Tuberculosis Control Program. Seventy-five (57.2%) students tested smear positive. TST were performed on 7,109 students who were classmates of, or in the same grade as, a TB patient. Of the contacts, 1,231 students (17.3%) were TST positive and they were screened with QFT. Six hundred-sixty-six (55.0%) of the tested students returned a positive QFT result and the rate of positivity was significantly associated with the increasing size of TST indurations (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The use of QFT resulted in approximately 45% of TST positive students not being given chemoprophylaxis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develope, based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. a set of standardized nursing interventions which had been validated. and their associated activities. for use with nursing diagnoses related to home health care for women who have had a caesarian delivery and for their newborn babies. This descriptive study for instrument development had three phases: first. selection of nursing diagnoses. second, validation of the preliminary home health care interventions. and third, application of the home care interventions. In the first phases, diagnoses from 30 nursing records of clients of the home health care agency at P. medical center who were seen between April 21 and July 30. 1998. and from 5 textbooks were examined. Ten nursing diagnoses were selected through a comparison with the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) classification In the second phase. using the selected diagnoses. the nursing interventions were defined from the diagnoses-intervention linkage lists along with associated activities for each intervention list in NIC. To develope the preliminary interventions five-rounds of expertise tests were done. During the first four rounds. 5 experts in clinical nursing participated. and for the final content validity test of the preliminary interventions. 13 experts participated using the Fehring's Delphi technique. The expert group evaluated and defined the set of preliminary nursing interventions. In the third phases, clinical tests were held at in a home health care setting with two home health care nurses using the preliminary intervention list as a questionnaire. Thirty clients referred to the home health care agency at P. medical center between October 1998 and March 1999 were the subjects for this phase. Each of the activities were tested using dichotomous question method. The results of the study are as follows: 1. For the ten nursing diagnoses. 63 appropriate interventions were selected from 369 diagnoses interventions links in NlC., and from 1.465 associated nursing activities. From the 63 interventions. the nurses expert group developed 18 interventions and 258 activities as the preliminary intervention list through a five-round validity test 2. For the fifth content validity test using Fehring's model for determining lCV (Intervention Content Validity), a five point Likert scale was used with values converted to weights as follows: 1=0.0. 2=0.25. 3=0.50. 4=0.75. 5=1.0. Activities of less than O.50 were to be deleted. The range of ICV scores for the nursing diagnoses was 0.95-0.66. for the nursing interventions. 0.98-0.77 and for the nursing activities, 0.95-0.85. By Fehring's method. all of these were included in the preliminary intervention list. 3. Using a questionnaire format for the preliminary intervention list. clinical application tests were done. To define nursing diagnoses. home health care nurses applied each nursing diagnoses to every client. and it was found that 13 were most frequently used of 400 times diagnoses were used. Therefore. 13 nursing diagnoses were defined as validated nursing diagnoses. Ten were the same as from the nursing records and textbooks and three were new from the clinical application. The final list included 'Anxiety', 'Aspiration. risk for'. 'Infant behavior, potential for enhanced, organized'. 'Infant feeding pattern. ineffective'. 'Infection'. 'Knowledge deficit'. 'Nutrition, less than body requirements. altered', 'Pain'. 'Parenting'. 'Skin integrity. risk for. impared' and 'Risk for activity intolerance'. 'Self-esteem disturbance', 'Sleep pattern disturbance' 4. In all. there were 19 interventions. 18 preliminary nursing interventions and one more intervention added from the clinical setting. 'Body image enhancement'. For 265 associated nursing activities. clinical application tests were also done. The intervention rate of 19 interventions was from 81.6% to 100%, so all 19 interventions were in c1uded in the validated intervention set. From the 265 nursing activities. 261(98.5%) were accepted and four activities were deleted. those with an implimentation rate of less than 50%. 5. In conclusion. 13 diagnoses. 19 interventions and 261 activities were validated for the final validated nursing intervention set.