The study examines the effect of book value per share, retained earnings per share, asset turnover ratio, and age on dividend per share of non-financial Jordanian listed companies for the period from 2015 to 2019. The research hypotheses were formulated and evaluated based on the related dividend policy theories, in addition to prior empirical findings. Based on cross-section time-series data, a panel data model with 110-firm-year observations was developed. Both Random Effect Model (REM) and REM with Robust Standard Errors were employed to test the study hypotheses. Consistent with the life-cycle theory argument of dividend policy, the results of REM with Robust Standard Errors show that book value per share and retained earnings per share have a positive and significant relationship with dividend per share, while the relationship between asset turnover ratio and dividend per share is insignificant. With respect to the firm age, the results show an insignificant relationship with dividend per share. The findings of the current study show that both assets and stockholders' equity of balance sheet are critical items in explaining the dividend policy of Jordanian non-financial firms. Thus, policy-makers, investors, financial analysts, and researchers are invited to employ and consider the current study model in any possible relevant contexts.

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the determinants of logistics on Vietnam's economy, especially the period after Vietnam joined WTO. We used the logistics indexes as a representative for the logistics sector to assess their impacts. Vietnam's logistics data is collected from World Bank in the period from 2007 to 2019. Our research also used the OLS regression model to assess the influence of logistics on the Vietnam economy with independent and dependent variables. Six independent variables are representing for logistics activities such as logistics infrastructure (Log 1), logistics service quality (Log 2), on-time shipment (Log 3), up-to-date delivery information (Log 4), logistics competitive price (Log 5), and convenient customs (Log 6). The results of models showed that the logistics infrastructure, the on-time shipment, up-to-date delivery, and the competitive price have impacted positively on Vietnam's economy. While the service quality has an insignificant effect and the convenient customs (Log 6) have significant negative effects. The results of the studying also indicated that the models are appropriate to evaluate the influence of logistics on Vietnam's economy. Moreover, the Vietnam government can use these findings to formulate suitable economic policies, especially logistics policies on the integration process.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance on profitability and stability of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banking sector using panel data for Islamic banks over the period from 2003 to 2018. We estimate equations employing the pooled ordinary least square (OLS), the panel generalized least square (GLS) random effect (RE), the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM), and the robust estimation approach to control for heterogeneity, endogeneity and outliers in the data. We find clear evidence that bank corporate governance matters in explaining the financial performance of Islamic GCC banks. We find a positive association between Shari'ah board and bank profitability and stability. We also find that board size loads positively on Z-score and negatively on bank profitability. The evidence also shows that CEO power has a negative impact on profitability and stability. However, board independence and shareholders independence do not exhibit a significant effect on both bank profitability and stability. These findings have implications for the authorities to establish several regulations related to Islamic finance in order to enhance the performance and soundness of Islamic banking industry as well as the stability of the whole financial system in the GCC region.

This study aims to investigate the factors, which impact the social and corporate governance performance and corporate financial performance of listed Vietnamese enterprises. A survey was carried out with listed Vietnamese enterprises on HOSE, HNX and UPCOM, gathering 280 usable respondents, with data and theoretical model analyzed by using SPSS, AMOS with SEM method. The results show that the social and corporate governance (ESG) performance and corporate financial performance were driven by elements including the size of enterprise, the institutional ownership, the managerial ownership, the broad structure, the government ownership, and the managerial perception. The study findings suggest that in larger the enterprises, more institutional and state-owned shareholders and modern managerial members can help to enhance the corporate governance performance and therefore help to improve the corporate financial performance. However, this study's results only account for 60.6% of the impact factors on the social and corporate governance performance and corporate financial performance in listed Vietnamese enterprises, so there are still some other factors that should be identified in future research. This study contributes not only to the existing empirical literature on corporate governance performance and corporate financial performance, but also on practical management in Vietnam and other developing economies.

This study aims to analyze the effect of board of commissioners' membership, based on several factors such as the existence of female commissioners, expatriate members, and their educational background on corporate social responsibility disclosure with institutional ownership as a moderating variable. The data used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2014-2018 period. The sampling technique used was the nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique in order to obtain 244 observations. The data analysis technique used in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA); there was also classical assumption test. The results showed that the existence of female members on board of commissioners, the diversity of educational backgrounds of a board of commissioners, and the inclusion of foreign commissioners can increase the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. This research also shows that institutional ownership can play a moderating role in affecting the aforementioned variables in increasing corporate social responsibility disclosure of companies. This research can provide benefits, especially for companies whose production processes have an impact on the environment and society. It is important to carry out corporate social responsibility in order to be responsible for the environment and society.

This research aims to figure out the determinants of firms' dividend policy (propensity to pay dividends as well as the ratio of dividend payout). A dividend policy is a policy used by a company to decide how much it will pay out to shareholders in the form of dividends. Usually, a company retains a part of its earnings and distributes the other part as a dividend. We employed two regression models, Model 1 adopts the logistic regression, while Model 2 adopts the multiple regression to meet the research objectives. Through the purposive sampling technique which complies with the stipulated criteria, a total of 38 samples of Model 1 and 20 samples of Model 2 from the consumer goods sector in the year 2015-2018 are selected to represent the entire population. Among the five independent variables being tested, profitability and firm size reveal a significant impact on both firm's propensity to pay dividends and dividend payout ratio, while investment opportunity set and capital structure expose a statistically significant effect on dividend payout ratio, yet showed insignificant results on the dividend-paying decision. On the contrary, stock liquidity reveals no effect on both models and therefore fails to espouse the liquidity hypothesis of dividends. All independent variables exhibit a simultaneous influence on both response variables.

Regional banks are said to be the backbone of any economy as it has a direct bearing with financial and economic development. Profitability of the banks, especially in regional banks, is imperative, since it leads to the financial stability of a nation. This study investigates factors affecting the profitability of 189 Regional Development Banks with research information from 2012 to 2020. The results of the study show that external factors have a positive and very significant effect on profitability, meaning that economic growth, inflation, and bank certification are important in increasing the profitability of Regional Development Banks (RDBs). Internal factors give a large negative value when a large bank provides minimal profitability. Government intervention will reduce the profitability value. The Policies of Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) have a positive effect on RDBs' profitability but are not a major factor. The findings of this study suggest banks receive a major part of their net income from interest income but they can also earn income from non-interest income that makes a big contribution to bank profitability. The study results however show that banks non-interest income does not have an optimal effect on the banks' profitability although interest income optimally impact banks' profitability.

Tax collections from land and building (axes (LBT) have particularly suffered in East Java and as a result, the provincial government is still looking at a big shortfall in tax revenue. East Java is facing a silent fiscal crisis owing to a shortfall in tax revenues, and the government's budget suggests it may have grossly underestimated the problem. This research was conducted to prove the effect of taxpayer awareness as a mediator (mediating/intervening variable) on the impact of tax socialization, service quality, and taxpayers' knowledge on taxpayer compliance. The sampling technique used is the consecutive method by taking a sample of 400 taxpayers in East Java province, Indonesia. Using the help of AMOS software version 26, the statistical analysis method used is the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model, with the Generalized Least Square Estimation Parameters. Based on the research results, tax socialization, service quality, and taxpayer knowledge have a positive impact on taxpayer compliance directly. Furthermore, there is an indirect positive impact relationship between tax socialization, service quality, and tax information on taxpayer compliance through taxpayer awareness as a mediator, but only on a small scale. Tax authorities are expected to increase the taxpayers' awareness, through increasing tax socialization, service quality, and taxpayer knowledge, so that taxpayers are more compliant in paying LBT.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of inflation trends on the performance of the banking sector in Jordan., with data from five Jordanina listed banks in Amman Stock Exchange over the period of 2009-2019. The performance indicators employed in this study are return on assets, return on investment, and margin of net interest. Our empirical strategy for this quantitative approach employ regression analysis to explore th influential of inflation on banks' performance. The results of descriptive statistics show that the banks' performance in Jordan has increased gradually during the period 2015 to 2018, meaning that banking sector had performed of this study effeciantly during the period of study regardless of the increasing of inflation rate in the country. Generally, our results show that there is a strong and negative relationship between inflation rate and banks' performance. In addition, the results show that the Banks' performances are significantly affected by inflation. Interested parties may pay attention to other macroeconomic variables to investigate the impact of the macroeconomic factors on Banks' performance. Future research shall consider not only bankin sector but other sectors in the financial market.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Cash Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Net Profit Margin, and the Earning Per Share on Price Book Value. Firm value is especially critical to investors since it represents the true value of the company. The population of this study is 44 companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange-30 (IDX30) during the 2015-2019 period. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling method and 11 companies were chosen as the sample. This research uses the descriptive quantitative method and the multiple regression test to determine the relationship between variables. The results show that the Cash Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Net Profit Margin, and Earning Per Share simultaneously explain 64.5% of the variance in Price Book Value. The cash ratio has no effect on Price Book Value, Total Asset Turnover has a positive and significant effect on Price Book Value, Net Profit Margin has a positive and significant effect on Price Book Value, and Earning Per Share has no effect on Price Book Value. Every company needs to keep track of its assets. That way, its stakeholders will know which assets are available to be employed to provide optimal returns, and it is necessary to pay attention to good financial ratios to obtain increased company value.

The social capital theory contends that social relationships are resources that can lead to the development and accumulation of human capital. In this examination, the social capital theory is extended to analyze internal social capital (ISC) as a determinant of information sharing purpose (KSI) and new product creation (NPI) in restaurants. The study population is 620 respondents (owners/proprietors, associates, and managers) from Jordan restaurants. Partial least squares equation simulation is used to explore this info. The results showed that there was no clear influence of KSI therefore, Hypothesis 8 was upheld. The direct and secondary (also referred to as indirect) effects (CC → NPI, but not as significant) influence was found to be important. Managers and owners of restaurants can create a healthy teamwork atmosphere by maintaining good partnerships with staff and vendors. The growth of foreign ties would be encouraged by promoting and improving collaborative actions internally. The findings also show that the information exchange in restaurants with external collaborators is optimal. This is the first research exploring the interaction between ISC and NPI, and the impact of both on the classification of restaurants in Jordan.

Working Capital is an indicator of the short-term financial position of an organization and is also a measure of its overall efficiency. The growth of working capital credit for BPR in North Sumatra is not only influenced by the better performance of ROA, ROE, BOPO, and NPL, but is also influenced by the condition of the debtor's business, existing economic conditions, and management's assessment of the health and risk of BPR. The study aims to determine how much influence the CAR, NPL, BOPO, management assessment, ROA, ROE have on the amount of credit to be distributed by BPRs in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study employed the time series data of published financial statements of 54 rural banks in North Sumatra from 2016 to 2019 and also employed the Chow and Hausman tests, as well as the general effect and fixed effect model specification tests. The results showed that partially the NPL, BOPO, management assessment, and ROE had a significant effect on the amount of credit to be disbursed by BPR in North Sumatra, while the variables CAR, OEOI, and ROA had a negative effect on the amount of credit to be distributed by BPR in North Sumatra. The findings also suggested that banks with a high ratio of NPL, management assessment, and ROE are more aggressive to control the working capital.

This paper examines the relationship between efficiency and management risks and profitability ratios in eight of the thirteen Saudi banks listed on the Saudi Capital Market Authority over the period 2005 to 2019. This study employs panel data and two specific Estimation Methods were adopted: Panel ordinary least square (POLS), and panel feasible generalized least square (PFGLS). These two methods were used to identify the imbalances represented by autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity coming from fixed and random effects related to cross-section and periods data set. The results show that the profitability of Saudi banks is negatively affected by increasing the capital adequacy ratio and current ratio and positively affected by the employment ratios. It also found that managing banking risks represented by bad debts and credit risk was a significant negative effect on the profitability of banks. These results clearly show that Saudi banks have an excess of liquidity and an increase in the capital adequacy ratio that sometimes exceeds international standards (Basel III), positively affects the investment of funds and thus the profitability of banks. Hence, managers of Saudi Arabia's publicly listed banks must formulate prudent monetary policies to solve the liquidity crisis and increase profitability.

Accounting conservatism refers to financial reporting guidelines that require accountants to exercise a high degree of verification and utilize solutions that show the least aggressive numbers when faced with uncertainty. Accounting conservatism is a principle that requires company accounts to be prepared with caution and high degrees of verification. This research aims to identify the effect of Accounting Conservatism on Jordanian Commercial Banks' profitability for the period between 2010-2019. To test the study hypothesis, the researcher used an analytical approach to describe the financial profitability of the Jordanian banks. The study was applied to a sample of Jordanian banks during the study period. The results showed that there is an acceptable level of accounting conservatism in the Jordanian commercial banks, and the findings concluded that there is a positive correlation between the Accruals scale and returns on equity, as well as the rate of return on assets. The study recommends conducting more studies using other measures of accounting conservatism on Jordanian banks, in general, to ensure that the results of other studies are similar, and to open opportunities for the investors to further progress, success, and improve competitiveness.

Macroeconomic variables play a significant role in the progress of the emerging economy. In this context this study attempts to obtain the optimal solution of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) by utilizing M2, Gold Prices (per troy ounce) in US dollars, Real Effective Exchange Rate Index, 6 Month Treasury bill, Call Money Rate, Foreign Exchange, Net Foreign Assets, Food Price Inflation, Manufacturing Production and Balance of Trade as principal macroeconomic indicators. To achieve the optimal solution monthly data from June 2006 till November 2016 has been deployed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been used to extract the factors and these extracted factors were then used in a bi-objective goal programming model to obtain the optimal solution. Additionally, multiple regression analysis has been done to find the relationship of the extracted factors with PSX, and model reliability has been accessed through the coefficient of determination. Results retrieved from EFA suggest two significant factors at a threshold of 0.4. The multiple regression models formed from extracted factors explain more than 90% variation of the factors showing a reliable model. At the last stage, Bi-objective goal programming has been employed to get the optimal solution. It has been observed that extracted factors have successfully achieved the required goals and obtained satisfactory optimal solutions.

Entrepreneurship is viewed by economists to be a combination of innovation and risk-taking. When such activity thrives, high growth rates are achieved as well as opportunities offered to all segments of society. Oman's government encourages continuously entrepreneurship to confront the rising number of fresh graduates annually, vis-à-vis the continuing high unemployment rate and the low national recruitment rate, especially following the recent decline in oil prices. This research aims to examine the extent of youngsters' entrepreneurial intention, especially among tertiary students in Oman, to venture into entrepreneurship through flea market retailing. Therefore, this study has adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the extent of the entrepreneurial intention of 291 final year students as primary survey data collected from colleges of applied sciences in Oman, and the data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). The study concludes that market analytics can develop students' intentions through affecting the three factors of Ajzen's model - attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991) - to become potential entrepreneurs in flea markets in Oman. This research adds value in both theory and practice by identifying that students with greater access to market analytics have stronger entrepreneurial intentions to pursue the entrepreneurial field, provided that they have the entrepreneurial attitude and support of the community.

This study examines how female managers or owners impact a firm's innovation. Moreover, this research examines the role of absorptive capacity with R&D as a proxy in moderating the female managers/owners-innovation relationship. This study uses firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys. The final sample consists of 4,438 firms in manufacturing industries in 2015-2016 across nine Southeast Asian economies (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Timor Leste, and Vietnam). The research adopts the multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression technique to deal with the hierarchical data structure issue, which is not addressed in the traditional binary choice regression technique (logistic or probit regression). The results show that firms led by female managers have a higher possibility to innovate. Female ownership is also positively associated with innovation propensity. The positive effects of female managers on a firm's innovation are enhanced by R&D activities. Besides, R&D also strengthens the positive effects of female owners on a firm's innovation. This study contributes as probably the first to develop the theoretical argument that R&D can positively moderate the gender-innovation link. Furthermore, from an empirical standpoint, the current study contributes as the first research on this topic in the Southeast Asian region.

The quality of earnings refers to the proportion of income attributable to the core operating activities of a business. This study analyzes the effect of the variable firm size, the leverage ratio as manifested by the debt-to-equity ratio, the liquidity ratio exemplified by the current ratio, and the investment opportunity set (IOS) on earnings quality. The study subjects are IPO companies engaged in the food and beverage sector with a study observation period using secondary data (financial statements), namely in 2016-2019, totaling 17 companies. Several stages of testing are carried out to answer statistical analysis (eg, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, T-test, and F-test) then the final testing stage is the regression test. These results of this study explain that the firm size, leverage ratio, does not contribute to earnings quality. Liquidity positively contributes to earnings quality. IOS also contributes to earnings quality. This study assumes that company management prefers to carry out earnings management to maintain their firm value. Besides, large companies make it possible to generate greater profits in the future. Thus, the market to book value of the equity ratio affects earning quality.

This academic article aims to explain and analyzing the leverages, components, and strategies implemented in building halal entrepreneurs' social capabilities and sustainability, as well as to propose a model of effective halal entrepreneurship that can be used as a guideline to enhance potentials of halal entrepreneurs in the rapidly-changing environments. Mindfulness of being an innovative entrepreneur, it is implemented around several factors: social partnership, innovation process strategy, human resource networking, new markets seized from networking, and benefits and shared investment organization of demand. The theoretical framework is the Social Capital theory. Social capitals are regarded as social structures or organizations to develop living-standard quality and lead political development, economy, and society. All these factors are dependent on social capabilities of entrepreneurs, which relied on (1) the building of network capabilities, (2) creating knowledge and shared visions, (3) learning process and adaptation, and (4) social movements of innovation capabilities. The outcomes of the study suggested halal entrepreneurs to employ internal social capital capabilities, stable social capital capabilities, and dynamic social capital capabilities in operations. The halal entrepreneurs must recognize their own distinctive features from non-halal enterprises in order to create diversity and strengths among the networking members and eventually develop the innovative and sustainable organizations.

This study aims to examine the relationship between directors' diversity (DIRDIV) and financial performance (FP) with a particular focus on the moderating effect of corporate sustainability practices (CSP). The study analyzes a sample of 104 firms listed on the Bursa Malaysia for the period from 2015 to 2017. Directors' diversity is measured by the Blau index, and Tobin's Q is used as a proxy of FP of the firms while the content analysis method is adopted to measure CSP. The study also employs three control variables, namely, board size, firm size, and leverage. Panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimator model has been used to test the hypotheses by STATA software. It is found that directors' diversity in terms of independent and non-independent directors significantly and positively affect the financial performance of the firms. Furthermore, this study reveals that CSP significantly moderates the relationship between directors' diversity and financial performance. This study suggests that the government and regulatory bodies should put more emphasis on diversifying the board and follow up the mandatory CSP to enhance financial performance of the firms, which is likely to ensure their long-term survival and to reduce the risk of collapse in the future.

This research aims to study and develop a potential indicator of Japanese technology and business innovation policy adoption in the context of Thailand business operations to serve as a guideline for creating an effective competency development model of organizational technology and business innovation policy adoption. This research uses a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection and data analysis, and this survey was distributed to a sample group of executives from 57 organizations related to joint ventures involving Japanese technology and business innovation in Thailand. The data was further analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to estimate the relationships between the latent variables in the structural model of the study. The research results reveal that the measurement model is consistent with the examined empirical data. Moreover, its reliability exceeds the standardized criteria for indicator development. Therefore, it can be concluded that such a potential indicator of Japanese technology and innovation business policy acceptance consists of three main factors: core competency, innovation absorptive capability, and quality of employees. Furthermore, seven sub-indicators were identified: flexibility, achievement motivation, knowledge management, personnel participation, continuous improvement, efficiency-related changes, and personnel diversity. These indicators will be beneficial for further strategy and planning applications.

This study aims to examine the effect of political connections on firm value through related party transaction (RPT) as a mediator in the context of emerging Indonesian economy. This study also aims to investigate the moderating role of corporate governance mechanism on the relationship between political connections and RPT. The theory used as the basis for this research is agency theory. The corporate governance mechanism tested in this study consists of independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership and board of commissioner size. Tobin's Q is used to measure firm value. The population of this study is all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Purposive sampling was conducted, and 271 non-financial companies (1,084 firm-years) were identified as the samples. For testing the hypotheses, panel generalized least square (GLS) using EViews 10 was used. The findings showed that political connection had a negative impact on firm value. The results also showed that RPT abnormal account receivables and RPT abnormal asset non-account receivable mediate the relationship between political connections and firm value. In addition, it is found that corporate governance mechanism, especially the proportion of independent board of commissioners and institutional ownerships, weakens the positive effect of political connection on RPTs.

The insurance industry plays a vital role for households, companies, and economies. Among others, it provides risk transfer, indemnification services, and financial intermediation. While there has been a vast literature on factors affecting the profitability of insurance companies, limited attention has been paid to Saudi ones. This article fills this gap by examining the determinants of profitability in the Saudi insurance sector. The empirical analysis is based on data relative to a sample of 20 Saudi insurance companies between 2009 and 2017. For robustness checks, the empirical investigation employs a wide range of econometric techniques, including the fixed-effects model, random-effects model, Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Ordinary Least Squares with panel-corrected standard errors, Difference GMM and finally System GMM. The empirical findings suggest that the growth rate of written premium, the tangibility ratio and the fixed-assets ratio are the main factors affecting positively the profitability of Saudi insurance companies. Moreover, while the company size and the liquidity ratio are positively associated with profitability, their impacts are not statistically significant. On the contrary, the loss ratio, liabilities ratio, insurance leverage ratio, and to a less extent, the company age have negative effects on the profitability of Saudi insurance companies.

This study examines the effect of financial innovation (FI) and bank competition on firm value. FI is the act of creating new financial instruments as well as new financial technologies, institutions, and markets. The study used the sys-GMM estimation technique based on data extracted from 26 commercial banks in Nigeria and Malaysia over the period 2009 to 2019, totaling 286 observations. Given the results of the study, FI has a significant negative effect on firm value in Nigeria, and bank competition has a significant negative effect on firm value in Nigeria. By contrast, FI has a significant positive effect on firm value in Malaysia, and bank competition has a significant positive effect on firm value in Malaysia. The return on asset (ROA), bank size, GDP growth, and the inflation rate are significantly related to firm value. The interactive effect (FI * COMP) has a significant positive relationship with firm value in Nigeria and Malaysia. The empirical study confirms the notion that FI is a real driver of economic progress, competitiveness, and economic development. According to the study, policymakers should address the weaknesses exposed by the financial crisis, which contributed to the introduction of various current financial regulatory frameworks to capture the risks posed by the FI process.

This study aims to examine the moderating effect of risk management disclosure on the relationship between risk disclosure and firm performance as an attempt to contribute to the increasing body of literature concerning risk management disclosure by extracting new evidence from a fast-growing economic environment in Saudi Arabia. We used content analysis of cross-sectional data extracted from the audited annual reports of 72 non-financial Saudi listed firms in various non-financial sectors for the year 2018. Research hypotheses have been tested by using two robust statistical models (MM-Estimator Model and Robust Regression Model). The findings showed no evidence that risk disclosure and risk management disclosure matter concerning firm performance measured by the average of earning per share EPS when they are examined individually. However, when the moderating effect of risk management disclosure is considered, the results become significantly positive. These outcomes could explain one of the main reasons of the different and dissimilar findings of previous studies, which investigate the impact of risk disclosure and risk management disclosure on firm performance individually. Also, the results of this paper will help practitioners to reconsider the interacting relations of their risk disclosure and risk management disclosure actions on firm's performance.

The manipulation of the firms' earnings reported in the financial statements, also known as earnings management, is common among companies. The current study examined the relationship of institutional ownership heterogeneity and earnings management practices through the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach. The study adopted the Kothari et al. (2005) model for the measurement of earnings management practices. The research classified the institutional investors into different categories such as mutual funds, pension funds, investment companies, foreign companies, and group ownership. The study analyzed the selected variables by tanking a sample of 206 listed companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for 2013 to 2018. Consistent with agency theory, the results reveal that mutual funds and financial firms' ownership curtail earnings management practices. Our results reveal the negligible effect of group ownership, investment companies' ownership, and pension funds ownership in curtailing the earnings management practices in Pakistan. As a result, the findings support monitoring the role of hedge funds and international ownership in earnings management, which restricts managers' opportunistic behavior. Thus, the proclivity of earnings management practices by managers is mitigated by mutual funds and foreign ownership as compared to the other institutional ownership structure in Pakistani firms.

The main purpose of the study is to explore the motivational and hindering factors to become an entrepreneur or self-employed in a later age. Becoming an entrepreneur or self-employed later in life could be great career path and good alternative to waged employment or unemployment. This tenet is true in the Malaysian context. Thus, from policy perspectives, creating favorable environment and policies to support senior entrepreneurship seems to be critical to maintaining active participation in the workforce. This study employs a structured interview technique that was conducted with 10 informants (five senior entrepreneurs and five aspiring senior entrepreneurs). The results of this exploratory study show that entrepreneurship in a later age is considered as career alternative. Informants' motivations to engage in entrepreneurial activity varied from intrinsic (e.g., passion) to extrinsic motivation (e.g., money). Further, informants indicate personal and institutional events as factors that would prevent them from transitioning to self-employment. The personal barriers include fear of failure and adaptation to the current business environment. The institutional barriers include lack of relevant policies and financial support. Overall, the findings reveal that entrepreneurship is perceived positively and can be pursued as a good career option at a later age.

E-service quality has received attention from customer perception, especially online shopping customers. In the context of online shopping, e-service quality is believed to make an enormous contribution to customer perception. This study examines the effect of e-service quality (web design, responsiveness, reliability, trust, and personalization) on customer perception. A total of 278 respondents from South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku, and Papua were involved and selected by purposive sampling method. The validity was tested using factor analysis with a loading factor value of ≥0, the reliability was tested by a Cronbach's Alpha value ≥0.6, and hypotheses were tested by regression analysis. The results show that e-service quality (web design, responsiveness, reliability, trust, and personalization) has a positive effect on customer perception. This study summarizes new findings regarding the positive effect of e-service quality (website design, responsiveness, reliability, trust, personalization) on customer perception as well as providing recommendations for future research. This research underlines that women dominate shopping more than men and that Generation Z dominates online shopping. In addition, the research provides new evidence that earnings do not determine how much online purchases will made by consumers as the majority of our respondents are students who are active purchasers.

Vietnam is an ideal place in Southeast Asia to expand the food and beverage (F&B) business thanks to stable politics, favorable economic conditions, a young population, and an increasing middle class. Yet Vietnam still poses challenges for the F&B industry wanting to invest in the country. The study aims to identify and evaluate the factors impacting consumer behavior towards F&B services in Vietnam, particularly emerging F&B services. Based on previous studies, we proposed six factors (social influence, service, price, food, atmosphere, and location with 26 observed items) in F&B services that may have a big impact on consumer behavior. The data is collected from 300 consumers who used to use local F&B services. The findings show that socialinfluence, service, price, and food are the four most influential factors. The other two factors such as atmosphere and location have no significant impact on consumer behavior. Besides, there is no difference between consumer groups in terms of income and age. Hence, the current study offers practical insights into the factors that have a significant impact on consumer behavior in F&B services. As such, the findings of this study could assist practitioners in developing a strategic business plan for sustainable development in the F&B industry.

Generation Y (Gen Y) consumers are challenging the traditional buyer-seller relationship. Sellers must adapt their approach to marketing in order to win the attention, business and loyalty of Gen Y buyers. Hence, this study aimed to examine Gen Y's green purchasing decisions relating to online products in Malaysia. The study adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach. Items from past studies were adapted and shared with a focus group to ensure they were in line with the current trends and purchasing behavior of the Gen Y population. The items were then validated by two experts from industry and academia. A total of 113 Gen Y consumers completed the questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using PLS-SEM software. The results of this study show that societal influence, willingness to pay higher prices for green products and government initiatives have a positive and significant effect on Gen Y online green purchasing decisions. This study supports global initiatives to create a green society by providing strong evidence of the variables that influence the Gen Y cohort's decision to purchase green products in Malaysia and, therefore, serves as a valuable insight for producers and the government endeavoring to develop a greener society.

This study acknowledges the necessity to make changes in the domestic education service market given the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak in the fourth industrial revolution era. Considering the change from traditional classroom education service to online education service, we measure the online education service quality and investigate its effects on its acceptance intention among college students. We employ the SERVQUAL measurement model, a universal method with the longest history. In measuring acceptance intention, we use the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), an accurate measurement method for the effect on acceptance intention of introducing new technology. So, this study mainly focuses on SERVQUAL and UTAUT as these tools relate to online education. The research results show that all five sub-factors of the online education service quality have positive correlations with acceptance intention. The higher the empathy with the online education service quality and the higher the performance expectancy and social influence in the UTAUT model, the higher the college students' intention to accept the online education service. Given that the significance of online education service will likely further increase in the future, this study can serve as a reference for preparing a practical framework.

The trend towards health product marketing to increase public attention to health values increased during the COVID 19 pandemic. Healthy sanitization is now a more integrated solution to hand washing in Indonesian culture and a tool for monitoring pandemic risk. This study aims to investigate Health Value and Subjective Norms effect on consumers' Purchase Intention toward hand sanitizer by using attitude as an intervening variable. The total respondents were 160 collected with purposive sampling method, who have bought hand sanitizer in the past eight months, more than 17 years old, and resides in Indonesia during the pandemic. The data was then analyzed using structural equation modelling techniques. The results show that Subjective Norm influence the intention to purchase directly, whilst Health Value does not directly influence the intention to purchase. The processed data then reveal that the attitude has a substantial effect on purchase intention. Consequently, attitude can intervene in the influence of Health Value and Subjective Norm on Purchase Intention. These findings suggest that the medical industry should pay attention to the quality of products it provides to meet consumer expectations and evaluate it regularly to establish a positive approach to marketing activities and to emphasize group references.

In Pakistan, usage of mobile money services is very poor due to several reasons including lack of understanding of services, low financial literacy rate, and fear of losing their hard-earned money. Moreover, the association between perceived risk, perceived trust, and mobile money adoption has not yet been examined comprehensively. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of perceived risk and perceived trust on the adoption of mobile money services in Pakistan. This study carried out a cross-sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire to collect primary data from the mobile money users in the Punjab Province, Pakistan. Smart-PLS Algorithm and bootstrapping method were employed to analyze the data. The study found that three dimensions of perceived risk, namely, security risk, privacy risk, and financial risk have a significant impact on adoption of mobile money services in Pakistan. Perceived trust was also found to be a significant factor for mobile money adoption in the country. Moreover, the respondents reported that mobile money services save their time and reduce costs in performing financial transactions. The empirical findings of the study might be useful for the policymakers and service providers in enhancing the usage of mobile money services among financially-excluded segments of society.

This research aims to examine the effect of customer orientation on SME performance, and the role of adoption of social media on the relationship between customer orientation and SME performance. Using a quantitative research approach, data were obtained using a questionnaire by phone, email and paper survey. This study employs samples of 178 SME owners/managers in Indonesia, with convenience sampling techniques. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is used for analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that customer orientation was able to improve SME performance, and social media positively moderates the effect of customer orientation on SME performance. This shows that the influence of customer orientation on SME performance will be stronger with the utilization of social media because it helps businesses understand customer needs and wants, thereby creating value. This strengthens the concept of dynamic capability regarding the importance of the ability to adapt to environmental changes, particularly adaptation to developments in information technology. The findings of this study suggest the importance of SMEs adopting social media because it contributes to increasing the role of customer orientation in improving SME performance. Further research is needed to investigate the benefits obtained from using each social media channel on increasing customer orientation.

Thailand's dairy industry provides a source of protein for citizens; however, 90% of milk producers are smallholders, on average handling approximately 21-50 cows per farm. In addition to disease control and health regulations, supporting milk producers in supply chain activation by implementing a collaborative concept can significantly improve the success of the dairy industry. Understanding the contributory factors and collaboration model will lead to success in supply chain collaboration. This study gathered potential 95 variables from a literature review. Through the process of expert review, these were refined into 49 critical variables. Moreover, this pilot study, with participation from co-operatives and individual farmers, aims to develop conceptual frameworks in six areas: performance and commitment, internal and external collaboration, measurement and evaluation, joint operation, sharing and innovation, and negotiation. Furthermore, 26 factors were identified clearly by exploratory factory analysis. In addition, the main study was conducted via a paper-based questionnaire with 1,053 participants nationwide. A result of the study confirmed the proposed framework from EFA analysis, and a verified model, by confirmatory factor analysis and Structure Equation Modelling, gives a clearer understanding of the factors and constructs leading to the success of supply chain collaboration in Thailand's dairy industry.

The aim of the study is not only to explore the empirical effect of visionary leadership, quality of work-life (QWL), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on teachers' contextual performance, but also to prove the theoretical model regarding OCB as a mediator between visionary leadership, QWL, and teachers' contextual performance. This research uses a quantitative approach to the survey method through a Likert scale model questionnaire. The questionnaire for all research variables is reliable with an alpha coefficient >0.7. The research participants are comprised of 460 teachers at private schools in Indonesia selected by accidental sampling. Data analysis uses path analysis supported by descriptive statistics and correlational matrices. The research results indicate that visionary leadership, QWL, and OCB have a significant effect on teachers' contextual performance. Besides, OCB is also indirectly mediating the effect of visionary leadership and QWL on teachers' contextual performance. Thus, a new model regarding the effect of visionary leadership and QWL on contextual performance mediating by OCB was confirmed. The research suggested that the teachers' contextual performance can improve through visionary leadership, QWL, and OCB. Therefore, researchers and practitioners can adopt the new empirical model to develop contextual performance in the future in various organizations' contexts.

The primary objective of this study is to observe the impact of demographic factors on the job satisfaction of workers of the sugar industry in Bangladesh. Current research determines whether the age, level of education, marital status, and years of experience play a role in the job satisfaction of respondents and whether job satisfaction level differs among respondents in terms of age, level of education, marital status, and years of experience. A total of 300 respondents who are permanent production workers have been selected from state-owned sugar mills in Bangladesh on a random basis. A pre-structured questionnaire and for the information required face-to-face interview was conducted by the researcher. In analyzing data different statistical tools like Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Correlation were applied and data processed by using SPSS. The results of the present study revealed that a higher percentage of the high age workers was more satisfied with their present job than that of low age but statistically not significant. Other factors such as education, experience, and marital status, do not affect overall work satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest that the government and the concerned authority should draft proper policies and special programs to improve the level of satisfaction of sugar industrial workers.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of organizational culture and employee performance on Islamic banks in Indonesia, as well as understanding the mediating role of organizational leadership commitment on job satisfaction. This study applied a quantitative method using path analysis to understand the relationship between variables and the existing phenomenon. A survey method was used in gathering approximately 600 respondents from employees in several Islamic banks in Indonesia, including Bank Muamalat, BTN Syariah, Bank Mandiri Syariah, BRI Syariah, and BNI Syariah, who have worked for more than three years. Furthermore, the data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling PLS. The findings indicate that organizational culture can explain job satisfaction, organizational leadership commitment, and employee performance. These results suggest that organizational leadership commitment and job satisfaction play a crucial role in mediating corporate culture and employee performance of Islamic banks. The finding of this research should entice decision-makers in Islamic banks in Indonesia, especially in East Java, to pay more attention to maintaining and improving organizational culture that has strong organizational leadership commitment and employees' job satisfaction. This study's results are also expected to contribute to the development of human resources management science and organizational behavior.

RTD tea, which is the most popular soft drink choice after bottled water, has experienced trade challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of managerial capabilities, strategic alliance and strategic innovation on product lifecycle management and corporate performance is moderated by the social media in RTD tea companies. The research method used in this research is a quantitative approach with data processing using SemPls. The results showed that the Managerial Capabilities variable did not have a significant effect on Marketing Performance, the Managerial Capabilities variable did not have a significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management, the Product Lifecycle Management variable had a significant effect on Marketing Performance, the Social Media variable was proven to mediate PLM Marketing Performance, the Strategic Alliance variable did not have a significant effect on Marketing Performance. The Strategic Alliance variable had no significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management, the Strategic Innovation variable had a significant effect on Marketing Performance, and the Strategic Innovation variable had a significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management.

Employee engagement at workplace is very important for organizations, however, the motivators to keep the employees engaged vary. It has been normally observed that personality and job satisfaction has been the main causes which can motivate employees. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought a lot of changes, and the main aim of this study is to analyze the determinants of employee engagement during Covid-19 pandemic with the mediating role of Perceived organizational support and Perceived family support. Through a survey instrument, data was collected from 216 employees working at corporate offices in Hanoi, Vietnam. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the study hypotheses using Smart-PLS. The study underlined the significant positive effect of Perceived Organizational support and Perceived Family Support on Employee Engagement. Moreover, Employee engagement also measures the indirect effects from factors such as colleague support, supervisor support, organizational support, spousal support and family members supports on Employee Engagement. Some discussions are given based on the findings of this research in comparison with findings of prior studies in different contexts. This research is evidenced in the emerging countries and Vietnam as the case study.

This research aims to examine and analyze the positive effects of game dynamics towards intrinsic motivation and enjoyment, the positive effect of intrinsic motivation towards enjoyment and work engagement, the effect of positive enjoyment towards work engagement, as well as the positive effect of game dynamics towards work engagement. This research uses Self Determination Theory and gamification strategy to explain the relationship between variables. The data was collected from 226 permanent employees of Startup companies located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia through questionnaire distribution. The obtained data was analyzed using the AMOS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The assessment of this questionnaire uses 5-point Likert scale. The results show that game dynamics has a positive effect towards intrinsic motivation as opposed to enjoyment, intrinsic motivation has a positive effect towards enjoyment as opposed to work engagement, and finally, enjoyment and game dynamics have a positive effect towards work engagement. The theoretical implication is that this research fills the research gaps regarding the antecedents and consequences of Self-Determination Theory. Finally, this research proposes several solutions to relevant problems on how companies and organizations need to implement game dynamics to positively affect employees' behavior, especially from intrinsic motivation, work engagement, as well as enjoyment.

Human resources are the main factor ensuring the efficiency of the company, especially in the middle of the disruption era and the Covid-19 pandemic. This research adopts the human resource efficiency approach to measure the performance of Indonesian Islamic banks that interact with each other within contextual issues of mega-merger policy in 2020. Samples were taken from twelve full-fledged Indonesian Islamic Banks from 2014 to 2019. The efficiency frontier analysis results show that most Islamic banks within the period of research are operating more on variable returns to scale basis, and only one bank has consistently been able to increase the output of financial intermediation performance proportionally for each additional input of human resources cost. The pooled regression test results on the three bank performance models show that allocation of human resource funds in Islamic banks tends to have more effect on increasing operational profits rather than the distribution of funds to the public through financing mechanisms or investment in Islamic securities. Based on verified models, more innovation in training employees and investing in training costs are needed for employees to have a deeper understanding of the nature of risk-profit of financing and investment activities of Sharia/Islamic banks. Highly skilled employees ensure the future promising performance of Islamic banks to deal with new global-normal.

Human resources play a key role in developing and enhancing the manner in which an organization change. In fact, the role of human resource-related quality management has contributed greatly to the growth of the organization in both the short and long term. The purpose of the current study is to identify factors that influence human resource retention in Hanoi in the backdrop of growing economic performance of Hanoi in Vietnam's economy. Primary data was collected through questionnaires of 280 respondents from the four districts in Hanoi, including 25.2% of respondents working in Cau Giay district, 21.2% in Dong Da district, 34.2% in Ha Dong district, and 19.4% in Thanh Xuan district. After applying Cronbach's Alpha and Explore Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis, Durbin-Watson test, empirical results demonstrate that relationship among co-workers has a significant and positive contribution on the maintenance of human resources in the organization. Additionally, higher welfare facilities for an employee are more likely to impact the maintenance of human resources in the organization. Factors such as working environment, job placement, and leadership relationship have no adverse effect on the maintenance of human resources, although a positive impact could be established in all cases.

Competitive Strategy is defined as the long-term plan of a particular company to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors in the industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strategic leadership on competitive strategy, motivation on competitive strategy, organization culture on competitive strategy, strategic leadership on business performance, motivation on business performance, organization culture on business performance, and competitive strategy on business performance. The analytical method used in this research is structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the causal relationship between latent variables contained in structural equations. The analysis tool used is with the help of Smart PLS. The method used in this research is quantitative, and the data collection method is by distributing questionnaires to manufacturing industry employees electronically using a simple random sampling technique. The results of the questionnaire returned were 150 respondents. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that strategic leadership had no significant effect on competitive strategy. strategic leadership has a significant effect on business performance, organizational culture has a significant effect on business performance, organizational culture has a significant effect on competitive strategy. Motivation has a significant effect on competitive strategy, motivation has no significant effect on business performance. The competitive strategy has no significant effect on business performance.

This study deals with the role of job satisfaction in developing administrative performance. The analysis was applied at Tikrit University. The study aimed to determine the role of job satisfaction in developing administrative creativity among employees. A sample of 77 heads of scientific departments in the university was randomly surveyed. A 32-question survey was assigned to the sample individuals. The response rate was 90%. SPSS software was used to statistically analyze surveyed data. The results showed the validity of the hypotheses that job satisfaction causes a positive influence on the development of creativity of employees. The statistical analyses of data obtained proved positive morale among individuals' creativity in work at the university. The means and standard deviations revealed the surveyed respondents' tendency to accept the job satisfaction dimensions such as career growth, motivation, work environment, and functional tasks. The means and standard deviations revealed the surveyed respondents' tendency to accept the administrative creativity dimensions such as problem solving, changeability, accept risks, and encourage creativity. Based on the statistical outcomes, the present study recommended rewarding the employees based on their achievements. Also, the university administration should consider and solve the university employees' problems.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world as we know it, especially consumer behavior. Users turn to digital transactions for fear of making physical contact when transacting. However, security issues and user convenience are obstacles to making users adopt digital payments. So, this research was made to solve the problem of adopting digital payments through the UTAUT extension model with perceived security and personal innovativeness as the main issues in the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focuses on digital payment users in Indonesia. A total of 457 users were used as research samples. The questionnaires were distributed online using a google form, after which they were processed and analyzed using SEM-PLS. This evaluation shows that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and personal innovativeness have a significant positive effect on behavioral intention to use digital banking. However, perceived security has a significant negative effect on behavioral intention. Moreover, social influence does not have a significant influence on behavioral intention. Meanwhile, Facilitating Conditions and behavioral intention have a significant positive impact on digital payment usage. This study's findings indicate that the use of technological and personal mental factors impacts the adoption of digital payments, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The creative industry is also impacted by volatile economic and business conditions; many entrepreneurs using E-commerce as one of their business channels. Companies adaptation rate may depend on their capabilities, such as innovation capabilities and dynamic capabilities. Indonesia has various cultures and a vast geographic area, which make creative industry in Indonesia develop their own unique traits and features. Unique characteristics of creative industry and its relationship with their capabilities and E-commerce performance have yet been explored. In this paper, we discuss the phenomenon and produce findings related with direct and indirect impact between E-commerce capabilities, innovation capabilities, and creative firm E-commerce performance. Quantitative approach with cluster random sampling towards 383 entrepreneurs and business owners were used in this paper. Empirical result from this study has shown that creative firm E-commerce performance was significantly influenced through indirect relationship E-commerce capabilities and innovation capabilities. On the other hand, direct relationship result between E-commerce capabilities toward creative firm E-commerce performance was insignificant. This result means that innovation capabilities play an essential role as decent mediator and catalyst in order to enhance E-commerce capabilities impact for achieving superior firm performance in terms of creative industry, which may be used as guidelines for entrepreneurs and business owners.

This study attempts to look at workplace harassment through an entirely novel lens of protection motivation theory. The theory suggests the appraisal of threat and the coping ability determine an individual's protection behavior. In this study, we have examined how the threat of harassment affects employees' behaviors. This study utilized cross-sectional research design and quantitative information through an online survey using a two-step approach from 563 employees of different organizations worldwide. It analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicated main two constructs, Threat appraisal (perceived severity, perceived vulnerability) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy), were both found to be positively related to the employee's protection intention and behavior. Besides, employee's intention significantly mediated the threat appraisal and coping appraisal with employee's behavior. Overall, results show the importance of protection motivation theory as a significant and influencing factor in workplace harassment, employees' intention, and behavior. Our study offers a novel and new way to look at the phenomenon of workplace harassment and the process of forming protective behavior in a workplace. The theory can be extended to other workplace threats to develop novel and interdisciplinary views by meteorological change as an exploratory and experimental approach.

This study examines the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on knowledge workers (k-workers)'s task performance and the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between LMX and task performance; the analysis of such relationship, informed by the Social Exchange Theory, will make a theoretical contribution to k-workers' working behavior in China. The technique of data collection in this study involved 280 k-workers respondents from China to whom a self-administered questionnaire was distributed. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tools. The results show that LMX has a positive relationship with affective commitment and task performance. The result also confirmed the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between LMX and task performance. This research provides some guidance to manage, motivate, and inspire the k-workers, and finally promote the organizational performance. The main point of the results is that it is essential for managers to keep a good and harmonious relationship with their subordinates. When the level of LMX between leaders and k-workers is high, they are more willing to stay in their organization, which is helpful to promote their task performance and brings benefit to the organizational performance.

The objective of the current study is to examine the effect of career adaptability (conceptualized as a multidimensional construct: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) and social support on job search self-efficacy and career outlook among students in higher education institutions in Malaysia. Graduates' employability is of great concern to policymakers as it impacts the economic and social development. It is crucial to enhance students' career-related skills as well as their adaptability competencies towards the fast-paced changing dynamic of the job market demand. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 358 respondents from final and second final year students representing several disciplines. To validate the model we used the covariance structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. Several fit indices have been used: chi-square index (χ²), normed-fit chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI). The analysis revealed that career adaptability and social support have positive effects on job search self-efficacy and career outlook. The findings suggest that students' perceived concern, control, curiosity and confidence as dimensions of career adaptability and social support from family, friends and peers, are critical factors in predicting their career outlook and their ability to find career opportunities.

This academic study aims to examine, analyze and synthetize the role of entrepreneurial orientation in determining the influence of leadership on competitive advantage. The research was carried out at small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector made involved in cassava production. The number of samples in the study were 184 respondents who were entrepreneurs or business owners. The sample method used was judgment sampling with criteria. The data analysis used to determine the effect was Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS). Inner and outer models were evaluated for convergence validity and composite reliability. The results of data analysis show that all hypotheses are accepted; there is a positive and significant impact of the leadership on SMEs' competitive advantage by placing entrepreneurial orientation as a moderating variable. An interesting finding is that the placement of entrepreneurial orientation as a moderating factor has a greater influence than the direct effect of leadership on competitive advantage. This research provides new insights to enable SME owners to include entrepreneurial orientation in their business practices, to assess market opportunities, update products, take business risks, make forward-looking decisions, and participate in training both from the Internet and that provided by local governments.

The study examines how foreign capital inflows affect stock market development in Pakistan for the period from July 2008 to June 2018. Several components of foreign capital inflows were used for empirical analysis, namely, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and remittances. Further, market capitalization was used as a proxy for stock market development. The study uses an ARDL model for examining the long-run and short-run relationships between variables. We also analyze the bi-directional causality between the variables through the Granger causality test. Further, the presence of structural breaks was analyzed through the CUSUM and CUSUM Square test. The results suggest that in the long run, remittances have a positive and significant relationship with stock market development. However, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and USD-PKR exchange rate do not have a significant impact on stock market development. The results also suggest that in the short run there is a negative relationship between FDI, USD-PKR exchange rate and market capitalization. Contrarily, we found a positive relationship between FPI and market capitalization. The results of Granger causality test suggest that remittances and USD-PKR exchange rate have a causal relationship with stock market development. Finally, we found no evidence of structural breaks in the dataset.

This research uses a combination of the SVAR model and the non-linear ARDL (NARDL) to investigate the long-term and short-term asymmetric effect of oil price structural shocks on the index of the Ho Chi Minh stock exchange and Hanoi stock exchange. The data selected include the world crude oil output, the imported crude oil price, the real economic activities index, the index of Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (Vn-Index), and the index of Hanoi stock exchange (HNXI). Data frequency is monthly periods from October 2011 to October 2020. The SVAR results show that a demand shock has a major long-run effect on Vietnamese stock markets, while a supply shock has no such impact. The NADRL's finding reveals that only positive and negative aggregate demand shock imposes strong effects on Vietnam stock indices in the long run. In terms of asymmetry features, the Wald coefficient test for NADRL shows that the supply shock and oil market-specific demand shock have asymmetric effects on the index of the Ho Chi Minh stock market in the long run. Major findings suggest that market controllers have to speed up their development of the domestic oil market. Investors have to pay attention to the demand information.

This paper examines the portfolio diversification benefits in the cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, Stellar and Dash) and ASEAN-5 stock markets (Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines). Cointegration and Granger causality tests are used in this study for the period from August 2015 to October 2019. We found evidence of no cointegration among the cryptocurrencies. Thus, the cryptocurrencies market provides an opportunity for the potential benefits from portfolio diversification and hedging strategies. However, cointegration is found between cryptocurrencies and ASEAN-5 stock markets thus indicating limited portfolio diversification benefits in the long-run among these markets. In addition, the results also show that ASEAN-5 stock markets are going towards a greater integration among them which is in congruence with the previous studies. However, in the short-run, Granger causality tests show that Dash, Ethereum, Lite, Ripple and Stellar have no causality relationship with all ASEAN-5 stock markets and no causality is also found between Bitcoin and three of ASEAN-5 stock markets (Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines). Therefore, there still exists an opportunity for portfolio diversification between cryptocurrencies and ASEAN-5 stock markets in the short-run. The findings of this study suggest that crypto-investors, international investors and fund managers can diversify their investments in both cryptocurrencies and the ASEAN-5 stock markets.

The international trade role of a country depends on its economic condition, international economic openness, and cooperative orientation in its trade. This research analyzes AFTA free trade relating to the steady-state, disparity, and the ASEAN members' trade balance convergence rate. The data used was taken from UNCTAD, ASYB, and Central Bank of Indonesia. The analysis model used was the most appropriate from Common, Fixed Effect Model (FEM), Random Effect Model (REM), and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). ASEAN members' balance trade reached a different steady-state for every country, therefore convergence pattern did not take place, and the divergence pattern occurred in trade balance among the member countries. The divergent trade balance was due to the different early economic conditions, macroeconomic development, trade openness, and trade facilities and infrastructures in each country. It was also due to the ASEAN intra-trade cooperative role and low investment coming from intra-ASEAN foreign investment. To promote trade and lower divergent trade balance, it is necessary to promote intra-ASEAN trade and create a conducive situation for foreign capital investors.

ASEAN countries have entered into many free trade agreements, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have become the engine of economic growth of these countries. Intrigued by the situation, we conducted this research to examine the relationship between trade openness and FDI inflows to ASEAN countries with the moderation effect of free trade agreements (FTAs). Our research used panel data of 21 countries (including Vietnam) that are members of FTAs related to ASEAN countries from the World Bank dataset and reported on a country level from 1995 to 2019. First, the three econometric models, pooled OLS, fixed effects (FEM), and random effects (REM) were applied to test three research hypotheses. Next, the assumption of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation was tested through White's test and Wooldridge's test, and resulting in that generalised least squares (GLS) was selected because it is an appropriate econometric model with the dataset. The research found the positive impact of trade openness and FTAs on FDI inflows significantly, and the moderating role of FTAs in the relationship between trade openness and FDI inflows significantly at 0.01 level. Our research findings contribute to validate the FDI theory. These results imply that to attract FDI inflows, FDI oriented governments should increase their economy's trade openness and join many free trade agreements.

This study aims to examine the role of revenues in reducing the fiscal distress of local governments in Indonesia. A problem that is being widely tested is the potential for financial imbalances to determine the right pattern between fiscal capacity and service provision to the public. Local governments that experience fiscal distress are at risk of experiencing a collapse of the overall system, so it requires effective prevention. This study uses balance panel data obtained from local government financial reports with 3,024 observations, from 504 local governments in Indonesia during the 2014-2019 period. Hypothesis testing is carried out using logistic regression by employing the Wald Test partially and the Overall Test simultaneously. The data is collected from the local government financial statements which have been audited by supreme audit institutions. The results reveal that local government's own revenue and transfer revenue and other legal revenue are proven to be able to reduce local government fiscal distress. It provides empirical support for the executive and legislature to make the right policies in increasing their own revenues at the central and regional levels. The findings include crucial information for preventing, detecting, and mitigating fiscal distress in all Indonesian local governments.

The research aim is to empirically study the role of institutions in the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental pollution in 86 developing countries during 2008-2018. This study collects key data from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Institution indicators are collected from the Global Governance Indicators (WGI). To carry out the research objectives, the authors conducted quantitative analysis through System Generalized Method of Moments (S-GMM). The research results indicate that FDI positively impacts on environmental pollution. In particular, governmental efficiency, political stability and non-violence, quality regulations, the rule of law and the voice and accountability play an important role in the FDI-environmental pollution nexus in developing countries. The findings of this study suggest that these countries in question need to consider very carefully welcoming FDI inflows. In other words, host governments should build 'filter funnel' to attract FDI for long-term development. Moreover, they also have to manage strictly foreign invested enterprises domestically in order to minimize negative impacts on environment quality. For a stable governance environment, each country must strictly follow international environmental agreements, and people and businesses must comply with environmental regulations and raise awareness of environmental protection as the foundation for economic growth and environmental sustainability.

This study aims to test the influence of world income, interest rates, and investments on Indonesian exports for the period from 1986 to 2018. We use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) version, which can provide long-term impact analysis and short-term dynamic results. The results showed that, in the short run, exchange rate, world income, and investments, respectively, positively affect Indonesian exports, ceteris paribus. These results correspond to the proposed hypotheses. Meanwhile, interest rates also show a positive influence on Indonesian exports in the short run, ceteris paribus, but this direction does not correspond to the research hypotheses. The research also found that there is cointegration between variables. Indonesian export value adjusts the exchange rate, world income, interest rates, and investments with delay, which is a 30.93% difference in long-term and short-term export values corrected. In the long run, world income and investment have a positive effect on exports. This indicates that multinational companies do not solely invest to dominate the domestic market, but they also promote Indonesian exports. Following the results of this research, the increase in FDI will grow exports. Increased exports will certainly increase GDP and ultimately promote economic growth.

This study aims to determine the behavior of education and health data in driving economic growth in Malaysia before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world, namely, in the period from 2000 to 2019. This period was chosen to assess the behavior of data in the past so that it can be an indicator for decision-making for the future. To achieve this goal, the Quantitative Threshold Autoregressive method is used to predict data behavior so that the relationship between data can be seen in order to forecast economic growth when investing in health and education. This study focuses on secondary data sourced from the World Bank, including data on Malaysian gross domestic product, health investment in Malaysia and investment in education. We find that education and health are very important means of investing in human capital to drive economic growth. Education and health have the potential to be the two means of awakening and developing and restoring the economy during a pandemic and post-pandemic period. Education is a human resource development mechanism. However, education will be difficult to improve human performance without support from health. Education and health support each other in improving economic performance in Malaysia.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of exchange rates, Bank Indonesia Certificate (SBI), and global stock price indexes toward the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG), and the shocks caused by the global index to the IHSG. The research variables are HSGI, rupiah exchange rate, and global stock price index, which includes NASDAQ, the Hong Kong stock price index (Hang Seng), the Japanese stock price index (Nikkei 225), and the South Korean stock price index (Kospi). The data used is monthly time-series data from 2008 to 2019. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia publications through www.bi.go.id, the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and Yahoo Finance (finance.yahoo.com). Following the type of data used, the research steps include the unit root test, cointegration test, and estimation using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Based on the results of the impulse response and variance decomposition analysis, it can be seen that the overall global index, exchange rates, and SBI interest rates contributed to the IHSG movement. Based on the analysis of variance decomposition, the percentage value of the contribution of the Hang Seng index is the biggest compared to the NASDAQ, Nikkei 225, and Kospi.

The determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings (CCH) have been a deep-seated debate among institutions and scholars over the last couple of years. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the determinants of CCH among emerging and frontier markets (Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan). Due to endogeneity, the generalized methods of moments (GMM) methodology was applied to capture the impacts of different variables, including profitability, firm size, financial leverage growth opportunity, dividend payout, and the business cycle on CCH. The result shows that the firm's size positively enhances CCH in emerging and frontier markets. Growth opportunity is negatively influenced by CCH in the case of Bangladeshi firms while a positive driver in emerging markets. The business cycle has a negative bearing on CCH across Pakistan, India, and Bangladeshi firms while positive and significant in Chinese firms. Financial leverage and dividend payout were positive determinants of CCH in Chinese firms, while they appear negative for Pakistan, India and Bangladeshi firms. Finally, profitability has a positive and significant impact on CCH in frontier and emerging markets. The study contributes to the incumbent determinants of CCH literature by introducing a fresh outlook and offering policy insights helpful in emerging and frontier markets perspectives.

Financial reporting includes disclosures as prescribed by regulators, but few companies go beyond mandatory requirements and provide additional information voluntarily. This study evaluates the potential impact of voluntary information disclosure on the value of firms listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. The study applies GLS and system-GMM (Two-stage) estimation for detecting the magnitude of voluntary disclosure information on the firms' value. Study findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between voluntary disclosure relating to financial statistics, social responsibility information, corporate governance, and the firms' value as measured by Tobin's Q. However, there is a negative and significant relationship between company information, accounting policies, and the firms' value as measured by Tobin's Q. Study findings suggest that the impact of voluntary disclosure on the value of the firms varies with the appropriate selection of proxy measures. Nonetheless, it is believed that voluntary disclosure plays a major role in projecting a clean image in the market and in attracting potential investors with a positive note about the company's prospects.

This paper employed the panel Unit root tests, co-integration, and panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the link between banks' profitability and its determinants for 13 Jordanian commercial banks between 2000 and 2018. Pooled mean group (PMG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) models were applied. Hausman test result confirmed that DFE was preferred to PMG. The results confirmed the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between commercial banks' profitability and their determinants. In the short-run, banks' profitability in Jordan is positively related to return volatility. However, this is negatively related to credit risk and market concentration. In the long run, profitability is positively related to credit risk and negatively related to operational risk, bank size, stock market volatility, and market concentration. Credit risk and capital have bi-direction causality with banks' profitability, while GDP and market concentration have uni-direction causality. At present, the Jordanian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic triggered the banking sector's impact on the economy as the sector contributed to 20.8% GDP in 2019. The findings can help stakeholders such as bank managers, investors, shareholders, and policymakers make better decisions on banks' performance, thereby contributing to their economies.

Bank profitability tends to go hand-in-hand with economic activity. Slower growth prospects may dent bank profitability through a reduction in the lending activity and a possible increase in credit impairments. This study identified the determinants of bank profitability for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Secondary data gathered from 10 countries, along with 927 observations spanning between 2008 and 2016, were analyzed in this study. The random-effect model was employed to assess the impact of several significant factors on bank profitability. As a result, non-interest income (NII) displayed a significantly positive impact on profitability. Essentially, increment in NII of banks (e.g., commission and credit card fee) positively affected the financial performance of banks and significantly contributed to the profitability of banks. Since economic growth had a positive impact on bank profitability, higher gross domestic product (GDP) led to higher profitability for banks across the MENA region. Nonetheless, a negative link was established between bank profitability and credit risk (non-performing loan or NLP). This signified that increment in NLP or low-quality loans adversely affected the financial performance of the banking segment. Hence, the banking sector in MENA should devise effective measures to increase NII earnings. More importantly, banks should be more risk-averse when providing loans to their clients.

Efficient working capital management involves planning and controlling current assets and current liabilities in a manner that eliminates the risk of inability to meet short-term obligations and at the same time avoiding excessive investment in current assets. The study's objective is to investigate the moderating effect of working capital investment and financing policy on the relationship between working capital management efficiency and the financial performance of industrial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). To achieve the objective of the study, this study used time series and data covering the period 2010-2018. A sample of 42 manufacturing firms listed on the ASE was used in the analysis and hypotheses testing. Return on assets is used to measure financial performance, while inventory turnover, receivables turnover, current assets turnover, working capital turnover, and inventory-to-sales ratio are used to measure the working capital management efficiency. This study involved two hypotheses, and both hypotheses were tested to emphasize a 95 percent level of confidence. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and the multiple linear regression method was used for hypotheses testing. The study finds that inventory turnover, receivables turnover, current assets turnover, and working capital turnover affect the financial performance of the manufacturing firms, whereas no substantial differences were found between the direct or the moderating models in estimating financial performance.

This study aims to find out what determinants have the most influence in improving bank operational performance, including profit efficiency policies or debt securities issuance. Profit efficiency policy is proxied by net interest margin, which describes the input and output of the bank's production activities as an intermediary institution. Profit efficiency contributes more influence than issuing debt securities. The issuance of bonds is a proxy for bank policy in issuing debt securities. Researchers investigated some views stating that issuing debt is risky since it will negatively affect bank operational performance. This research differs from previous studies in that it used a non-linear test to find the optimal value indicating that additional debt securities issuance can improve bank operational performance. Based on ownership, the samples were separated into two categories, government-owned banks and private banks. The policy of issuing debt securities to private banks shows an inverted U-shape, whereas government-owned banks are U-shaped. This research uses a perceptual map to visualize the implementation of profit efficiency policies and of debt securities issuance in sample banks. This diagram technique will contribute to our understanding of how to implement managerial policies for profit efficiency and issuance debt securities in banks.

The implications of both entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) have been very critical in grasping business performance in terms of SMEs. Still, the research application of EO and MO on performance is not very abundant in a developing country perspective. Also, past studies did not take into account gender difference in understanding the performance of SME business in light of EO and MO. The research has been undertaken in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, as there is a number of SME businesses currently developing, which are expected to contribute to the economic progress by generating new employment and more opportunities. Hence, the ultimate objectives of the study are to examine the impact of EO and MO on performance of SMEs, along considering gender difference. 233 SME entrepreneurs responded to this study as survey respondents, followed non-probability sampling measure (n = 233). For analysis, SPSS software is used, through which correlation, regression, and ANOVA analysis were run. Results reveal that both EO and MO were strong predictors of SME performance, while no gender difference was noticed among EO and MO. Also, study findings suggest that enhancing and implementing EO and MO will heighten business performance of SMEs in Bangladesh context.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Indian commercial banks' performance can be improved by determinants of working capital management. This study uses both static models Generalised Moments Method (GMM) and pooled, fixed, and random-effects. The study is based on balanced panel data for 98 Indian banks from 2008 to 2018. Performance is defined by two indicators, namely, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). While, working capital cycle, profit after tax, assets size, financial leverage, quick ratio, current ratio, return on capital employed, return on total assets, net profit margin, and monetary policy rate are used as independent variables. The results showed that net profit margin, profit after tax, monetary policy, and working capital cycle are the most important working capital factors that influence Indian commercial banks' performance measured by (ROA). Moreover, among the working capital, the results showed that current ratio, assets size, net profit margin ratio, and return on capital employees have significant positive effects on (ROE). The article's novelty and importance come from its recommendation that policymakers in emerging markets should motivate and enable managers and stakeholders to pay more attention to working capital by raising consumer awareness and increasing knowledge disclosure.

This study investigates whether tax avoidance increases the link between current and future earnings. The cash flows generated by tax avoidance are verified to increase the sustainability of earnings. The sustainability of the earnings is regard as a criterion for determining the quality of accounting information. The study seeks to confirm whether tax avoidance had a positive or negative effect on accounting information. For this purpose, we use Korean capital market, from 2006 to 2018. Tax avoidance was measured using the effective tax rate, and earnings sustainability is the correlation between the current and future earnings as presented in Sloan (1996). The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, tax avoidance has been shown to increase the sustainability of earnings. Second, the components of the continuity of earnings that tax avoidance increases were observed as cash flows. That is, the cash flows generated by tax avoidance have been shown to make greater relevance between the current period and the future earnings. The results of this study have expanded the studies on tax avoidance and earnings persistence. In addition, amid conflicting studies of the effects of tax evasion on firm value and accounting information, this study provides additional empirical evidence of this contribution.

This study aimed to identify the impact of credit concentration on the performance of Jordanian commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study sample consisted of 13 commercial banks during the period 2010-2019. The results showed that there is no statistically significant impact of credit concentration on financial performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and EPS, while there is a positive and statistically significant impact of bank size on the financial performance as measured by ROA and EPS. Also, there is no statistically significant impact of bank size on financial performance as measured by ROE. The results also showed that there is a negative impact of financial leverage on financial performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and EPS. The study recommended that commercial banks focus on all the elements in evaluating and determining their level of financial performance and work to compare the credit concentration in commercial banks with one another and ensure that a certain percentage of credit concentration exists to maintain the quality of work of these commercial banks and to achieve a high level of financial performance.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and to provide suggestions to the government as developers and managers of RUSUNAWA to make it more effective and efficient in building and managing it. This research was conducted in three locations of rented low-cost flats in North Sumatra, namely RUSUNAWA Kayu Putih, RUSUNAWA Seruwai Belawan, and RUSUNAWA Binjai. The majority of respondents in this study were women who were in the productive age group of 30-40 years, but economic difficulties forced them to live in low-cost flats. This phenomenon shows that in the productive age poverty also occurs. This research applied a quantitative descriptive method by selecting three locations of RUSUNAWA in two cities in the North Sumatra Region and involving 200 tenants as respondents. The data was obtained by observing, interviewing, and distributing research questionnaires, and then were processed by SEM-PLS. The results showed that the factors determining the tenants to rent RUSUNAWA in North Sumatra Province are convenience, attractiveness, sanitation, cleanliness, design, and the location offered. It indicates that a healthy and clean environment, the condition of the building, and the facilities offered become the priorities for the tenants.

This study examines whether firm size and profitability have an influence on the income smoothing practices of food and beverages (F&B) firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). All 8 F&B firms listed on the ASE are used as the study sample. Eckel model is used in determining whether a firm is smoother or non-smoother. The natural logarithm of total assetsis used as an indicator for firm size, and return on equity is used as an indicator for profitability. Financial leverage is used as a control variable and measured using debt ratio. Data covering the period 2010-2019, of the firms is used in the analysis and hypotheses testing. Descriptive statistics are used in data analysis, and the logistic and multiple regression methods are used in hypotheses testing. All hypotheses are tested under a 95 percent level of confidence, which is equivalent to 0.05, a predetermined coefficient of significance. The study shows that firm size has a positive significant influence on income smoothing, while profitability does not have. Moreover, the study reveals that there is a collective significant impact of both firm size and profitability, when taken together, on income smoothing.

In this study, the response to the COVID-19 global pandemic by the Saudi financial market is discussed. Using panel data and pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), it is seen that the increase in COVID-19 verified cases has led to adverse reactions by the stock market. This can be determined through related stock market returns data from March 3^rd, 2020 to December 9^th, 2020, which shows that, during this period, stock market returns declined as numbers of registered cases grew. In addition, further observation reveals that stock markets took a more dynamic stance towards the rise in confirmed non-fatal cases as opposed to that of virus-related fatalities. Furthermore, it is noticed that when the degree of restriction of lockdown increases, the impact of Brent crude oil price return on Saudi stock market return decreases. Thus, the suggestion is that investors should not use Brent oil return as an indicator of Saudi stock return during a complete lockdown. Moreover, the rise of lockdown restrictions and the number of confirmed cases leads to more fluctuation in the Saudi stock market return. Overall, our findings indicate that financial markets are swiftly reacting to this destructive virus but this response differs according to different outbreak stages.

This study aims to investigate the importance of firm value and the factors that affect the firm value of trading companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange, thereby enhancing the current literature related to this topic in our country. The factors that affect firm value include firm size, capital structure, profitability, sales, and liquidity whereas firm value is represented by the value of equity. This work employed a data set with 925 observations, which are trading firms listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange over a nine-year period from 2011 to 2019 with the support of STATA version 2016. Applying the quantitative method, we first find that firm size is of the greatest importance to firm value. It refers that the value of a large company is of a higher rank than a small company. On the other hand, capital structure is found to have a negative impact on firm value. Furthermore, we find that the other independent variables (profitability, sales, and liquidity) are statistically insignificant in the regression model. This means that those mentioned factors do not affect firm value. More importantly, the research also suggests that both firm size and capital structure are crucial for firm value in the trading industry in Vietnam.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way people live their lives around the world. More than a decade after the global financial crisis, the world is struggling with the health and economic effects of a profound new crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also affected the Indonesian stock market in almost every sector. Besides, the performance of the stock market of financial industries has also been significantly affected, particularly four state-owned banks. This study aimed to analyze the potential loss from investing in the stock market of such government banks for the next 15 days by revisiting value at risk (VaR) as a tool for measuring the maximum loss. The findings suggest that Autoregressive AR (1)-GARCH (1) is a good fit for the determination of the mean and variance model, which were used to calculate the VaR of each bank. VaR measurement for all banks shows a negative sign that indicates the maximum loss of investors from holding any of those banks' stocks for a projected time horizon. Risk measurement will be one of the things that will be considered by investors when investing in the financial market. The results of the study suggest that investors who have funds in state-owned banks should reconsider their investments.

The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of technical efficiency (TE) of microenterprises (MEs) operating in the coconut handicraft industry in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. In the first stage of analysis, output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is employed to estimate the technical efficiency of the 120 microenterprises operating in the coconut handicraft industry in the Mekong Delta, specifically in Ben Tre province over the year 2019 by using pre-determined three input and one output variables. The estimation results reveal that on average, variable returns to scale technical efficiency (VRS TE), constant returns to scale technical efficiency (CRS TE) and scale efficiency (SE) are 68.4%, 58.0%, and 87.3%, respectively. Tobit regression is applied in the second stage to examine the influences of the determinant factors on VRS TE. The empirical findings of the study imply that firm size, membership in economic association, application of science and technology, and cost-to-revenue ratio positively affect the technical efficiency of the microenterprises operating in the coconut handicraft industry in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Considering the results, several governance recommendations are given for business owners to improve firm technical efficiency in order to enhance the brand name of coconut handicrafts.

There are many factors that affect the firm value, both internal and external factors. These factors can directly or indirectly affect the firm value. This study aims to prove empirically the determinants of firm value as measured by using the Price to Book Value (PBV) in the food and beverage (F&B) industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE). The estimated determinants include Total Asset Turnover (TATO), company size (SIZE), Current Ratio (CR), Return on Equity (ROE), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). The research method used is a panel data regression model with a sample of 17 companies in the F&B sector from 2015 to 2019. The results of the study conclude that the increase in the TATO, CR, and Size factors results in a decrease in firm value, while the impact of ROE and DER factors on the contrary causes PBV to increase. Taken together, all of the estimated determinants affect firm value. The practical implication of the research findings for the company is that if profitability increases, the increase in total debt can increase firm value. However, the use of debt must be allocated for investment in both current assets and fixed assets, if these assets are used efficiently to generate profits so that it has an impact on increasing company value.

Earnings management is the use of accounting techniques to produce financial statements that present an overly positive view of a company's business activities and financial position. This study aims to find out the impact of executive cash compensation, ownership, and capital requirement (CR) on earnings management in Indonesian banks. This study uses panel data from banks whose shares are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2013-2019 involving 30 banks with a total of 210 observations. Data was analyzed using the least square random impact regression and the Hausman test. The results showed executive cash compensation had a positive impact on discretionary accruals. Then, institutional ownership has a negative impact and CR had a positive impact on discretionary accruals. The findings in this research highlight that institutional ownership can reduce the level of discretionary accruals, but not managerial ownership. As a practical contribution, this finding proves the executive cash compensation can lead to earnings management. Thus, this research is useful in banks' decision-making regarding the treatment of executive cash compensation to CEOs or directors, especially for banks with most institutional ownership. This finding is also useful for regulators in determining the minimum limit of capital requirement ratio to minimize unhealthy or problematic banks.

This paper carries out an empirical study on how annual reports' disclosure delay affects analyst forecast accuracy and optimism, based on 6,523 firm-year observations of 2,287 A-share listed firms in the Chinese stock market between 2016 and 2019. Results show that there is a significant negative correlation between analyst forecast accuracy and annual reports' disclosure delay, which indicates that, affected by the low quality of accounting information in untimely disclosed annual reports, analysts tend to be less accurate in forecasting the performance of companies; moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between analysts' optimism and annual reports disclosure delay, indicating that in order to turn things around, the management of firms that have delayed disclosing their annual reports in the current year will carry out more positive earnings management in the next year, which leads to analysts' optimism about their profitability in the next year. After eliminating the problem of heteroscedasticity and endogeneity, our conclusions remain valid. Our research suggests that investors need to be more cautious about analysts' forecasts on firms with annual reports' delayed disclosure and that analysts should verify the accounting information in belated annual reports through multiple channels and make more conservative estimates.

This study aimed to analyze pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in students affected by environmental knowledge, green self-image (SI), and ecological attitude (EA). This survey research involving 249 respondents, with data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. Relationships between variables were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that environmental attitude and green SI positively affect ecological attitude and pro-environmental behavior. The results of subsequent studies indicate that ecological attitude has a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior. This study also shows that the direct effect of SI and EK is relatively small on pro-environment behavior. PEB can be enhanced by increasing green SI and consumer knowledge about environmental protection. It would be better if attitudes toward environmental protection are also considered because the results of this study indicate that attitudes have the most substantial influence in shaping PEB. This research was conducted in Indonesia, which geographically differs from other countries because Indonesia is a tropical and agricultural country with a large land area with thousands of plants as natural protectors. This condition is different from countries on other continents so that the pro-environment behavior also becomes different. These study results strengthen earlier findings of the positive relationship between green SI, EK, EA, and PEB.

The purpose of the research examines the relationship between foreign ownership and listed firms' performance in Vietnam. This study employs an extensive set of panel data comprising 288 non-financial listed Vietnamese firms, over a period from 2015 to 2019 taken for analysis. The results show that the higher the foreign ownership ratio, the higher the performance, however, the relationship between foreign ownership and firm's performance is U-shaped. In contrast, when the foreign ownership ratio is becoming too high, it will reduce the firm's performance and firm size, liquidity, financial leverage, capital intensity, and growth opportunities. Furthermore, we find that foreign ownership and performance are linked by an inverted U-shaped relationship. A firm's performance increases with greater foreign ownership up to the range of 36.26%, and declines thereafter. The paper also found positive effects of firm size and growth opportunities, and an inverse relationship between liquidity, financial leverage and capital intensity, and firm's performance. This study has several implications for the enhancement of information and understanding of the foreign ownership as it sheds light on the foreign ownershipfirm's performance relationship. Moreover, the study findings contribute to the literature concerning the ownership structure in the context of developing countries.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the obligations that the company must carry out. It follows Law no. 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability company article 74, which regulates the obligation to carry out social and environmental responsibility. CSR is needed so that stakeholders, including the community, know all forms of corporate responsibility to society and the environment. Company characteristics such as company size, company type, and leverage are factors why a company must disclose its CSR. CSR will gain the community's trust so that it will have an impact on improving company performance. The purpose of this study is to obtain evidence and to draw conclusions on whether the factors of company size, leverage, and type of company affect CSR disclosure. The data in this study uses multiple regression analysis with secondary data and purposive sampling. The results suggest that type and leverage significantly affect CSR disclosure; the size variable does not affect CSR disclosure. The CSR variable does not affect return on assets (ROA). Company characteristics variables (type, leverage, and size) do not affect ROA. This research is expected to contribute both academically and practically to increasing the academic community's expertise, competence, and knowledge.

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are strengthening their digital transformation strategies with new values on creative technologies and reorganized business models and processes in the ever-changing digital economy. In line with the changes in business environments based on digital platforms' ecosystem, they put forth efforts into strengthening corporate platforms. Accordingly, the study aims to clarify the effects of SMEs' digital transformation competencies on platform empowerment with platform development strategy and envelopment strategy as mediating factors. Notably, among the four platform factors that enterprises require, namely, unique competency strengthening, shared value creation, cost-saving effect, and network effect, this study analyzes which factors are more significantly affected by digital transformation competencies and platform strategies. To this end, study hypotheses were tested based on the survey conducted among 361 SME executives and employees in South Korea. In conclusion, it turned out that SMEs' digital transformation competencies positively affected both platform development strategy and envelopment strategy. However, platform envelopment strategy affected all of the factors of platform empowerment, while development strategy did not affect them. Thus, it was verified that SMEs' digital transformation competencies could affect platform empowerment through envelopment strategy more than platform development strategy.

Many researchers have studied the relationship between transformational leadership influence and organizational innovation; however, they have only shown inconclusive results. With task-oriented synergistic cooperation goal-oriented synergistic interaction as a mediating variable, the goal objective of this study was to fill the research gap between transformational leadership influence and organizational innovation. Data was collected through online electronic questionnaires using Likert Scales. This study used a census method, where the sample was all general insurance companies in Indonesia; hence, it can represent the general insurance industry. It involved 72 respondents, representing 72 general insurance companies that were actively operating in Indonesia in 2021. This research results offered crucial implications about the organizational interaction in the emerging market of the insurance industry, such as Indonesia. The survey responses were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Partial Least Square. This study found that transformational leadership positively influences organizational innovation. Then, the goal-oriented synergistic interaction has positively mediated transformational leadership influence and organizational innovation. Finally, goal-oriented synergistic interaction has a positive effect on organizational innovation. This study proposes an interaction among employees under influence of transformational leaders to achieve both explorative and exploitative innovation. Hence, leader practitioners can use the findings of this study to create synergistic interaction among followers to attain organizational innovation.

This study seeks to examine the relationship between business resources (through VRIN: Valuable - valuable, Rare - scarce; Inimitable - difficult to adapt, Irreplaceable - hard to replace), dynamic capability, external cooperation, and efficiency of startups operating in the seafood export sector. Research data was collected randomly and conveniently from 250 enterprises in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam, from October 2020 to December 2020. After excluding those ineligible, the remaining 204 enterprises meet the research conditions. With the support of SPSS-AMOS 22 dedicated software, using the 5-step Likert scale and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study conducted analysis steps such as verifying convergence, discriminant value, unidirectional and scale reliability when giving the components correlated freely in the critical model by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis. Results of the study have shown that the enterprise resource factor - VRIN has a positive impact on dynamic capability, and outside cooperation. However, in contrast to previous studies, we found that the relationship between enterprise resources - VRIN and performance as well as the relationship between dynamics capacity and performance is not clear. This shows that seafood exporters need to promote, exploit and effectively use this precious resource to improve business efficiency.

A startup company (startup or start-up) is an entrepreneurial venture which is typically a newly emerged, fast-growing business that aims to meet a marketplace need by developing or offering an innovative product, process, or service. Creative ideas initiated by young people have made the number of startups in Indonesia on the rise. A startup is considered to have good business potential, thus attracting investors to invest. These investors could be institutional and individuals. Individual investors that invest their funds in startup companies are called business angels or angel investors. In this context to make an investment decision, there are a few things that need to be considered to appraise whether the investment is feasible. The purpose of this research is to see how business angels appraise the characteristics of the startup business in which they invest. There are three characteristics to be considered - the characteristics of the founder, product characteristics, market characteristics. This study uses a quantitative method by making use of questionnaires as the data collection technique. The questionnaires were distributed to startup investors domiciled in Yogyakarta with a sample size of 100. The research findings reveal that founders' characteristics, product characteristics, market characteristics can affect the investment decisions of business angels.

This study considers the jump correlations across gold, imported crude oil, the Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (VN-Index), the Ha Noi stock exchange index (HNX-Index), and their impacts on diversification benefits. Understanding jumps is critical for investors because cross-asset diversification is reduced when jumps occur often and are correlated. Results indicate the presence of jumps in all assets. The average correlation between the asset classes is -0.025, indicating that diversifying across asset classes reduces the jump risk to which an investor is exposed. The findings highlight the downside of assessing the advantages of diversification across asset classes solely on the basis of returns. While this can seem to be of little importance, diversification is likely to result in a substantial reduction in jump risk. An analysis of the domestic oil price surge, the gold ban as a payment vehicle under Government Resolution No: 11/NQ-CP, and the Covid-19 pandemic show the benefits of cross-asset diversification from a jump risk standpoint. According to the results, jump correlations do not always have a negative impact on diversification benefits. A return shift in one asset and a transition in the other asset in the same direction are common characteristics of co-jumps between assets.

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of dynamic capability on the sustainable competitive advantage of small businesses in Palembang Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is quantitative research with primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 50 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the food and beverage (F&B) and clothing industry. The obtained data was analyzed using the Path Analysis supported by Smart PLS software. Path analysis is a form of multiple regression statistical analysis used to assess causal models by analyzing the relationships between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables. In this study dynamic capability is the independent variable, entrepreneurial marketing is the mediator variable, and sustainable competitive is the dependent variable. Path analysis is also used to predict the significance and centrality of hypothesized causal associations between various sets of variables. Furthermore, the data was processed in two stages, the first is the validity and reliability used to estimate the testing stage, while the second is the structural model, which analyzes the effect or relationship between f-variables utilizing the t-test. The result showed a positive and significant effect on the use of dynamic capabilities to determine sustainable competitive advantage through entrepreneurial marketing as a mediator variable of small businesses in Palembang.

This study aims to test the economic consequences of the tournament incentive. First, we investigate the impact of the pay gap among top executives and the pay gap between executives and employees on audit pricing using a large sample of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2019. Then, we test the moderating role of ownership property, technological complexity and corporate governance in the association between the executive pay gap and audit fees. Findings indicate that the executive pay gap is positively associated with audit fees. The positive association between the executive pay gap and audit fees is more pronounced in private firms, firms with fewer R&D expenditures, and firms with smaller proportion of independent directors. Further studies suggest that large executive pay gap motivates managerial opportunistic behaviors, resulting in more accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation. Our results, consistent with managerial power theory, show that auditors assess firms with large executive pay gap as high risk and incorporate the audit risk and audit business risk associated with the executive pay gap into audit pricing. The results provide further evidence for regulators to strengthen supervision on the executive compensation, especially the executive compensation of state-owned enterprises and firms with weak corporate governance.

The study aims to examine and analyze the impact of corporate environmental performance (CEP) on firm value (FV) and the extent of disclosure of carbon emission by the sampled firms in India, where Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices are mandatory. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from 40 Indian Carbonex-indexed firms from the period 2015-2019. The present study seeks to investigate the extent of disclosure by the firms and how this disclosure impacts the FV. The panel data regression model is employed to examine the impact of CEP on accounting and market-based firm value. This study uses accounting-based measure-ROA and market-based measure-Tobin's Q proxies to measure firm value. CEP is captured by three emission metrics (TCO₂ EQVE, TENUS, and EMC) extracted from the ESG Eikon database. The findings of the study show a positive link between CEP on FV. We also found that the data related to CSR/CEP disclosure of 34, out of 74 non-finance Carbonex companies are either not available or partially available, despite it being mandatory. Further, the study finds that, although the rest of the Carbonex firms are disclosing their environmental policy, some information pertaining to technology and resource efficiency is less disclosed.

This study aims to analyze the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the moderation effect of sharia compliance on Islamic banks performance in Indonesia and Malaysia. The population in this study consists of 14 Islamic banks in Indonesia, and 17 local Islamic banks in Malaysia. The sample used in this study are the big five Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia during the period from 2015 to 2019. This research used panel data regression with Eviews 10 software. From results of the Chow test, the model selected is fixed-effects, and from the Hausman test, the model selected is fixed-effects as well. The findings show the same results for both Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia; the profit-sharing ratio has a significant effect on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Islamic income ratio has a significant effect on the financial performance of Islamic banks. Corporate social responsibility has a moderating effect of profitsharing ratio on the financial performance of Islamic banks. And corporate social responsibility has a moderating effect of Islamic income ratio on the financial performance of Islamic banks. Corporate social responsibility can strengthen the effect of sharia compliance on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of internal control systems, GAS implementation, internal audit, and information technology on the quality of financial statements. Employees from the financial division of SKPD in Mandailing Natal Regency, Indonesia, made up the study's sample. Mandailing Natal Regency is a district of North Sumatera province that has received a qualified opinion on its financial statements for the past two years, and the agencies in Mandailing Natal Regency were chosen for two reasons: first, they are financial statement users; second, the department in question is SKPD. 112 respondents were accepted and analyzed. The analysis technique applied Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that internal control systems, the implementation of government accounting standards, and information technology had a significant impact on the quality of financial statements. Meanwhile, internal audit had no significant relationship on the quality of financial statements. The findings suggest local government should provide adequate information technology from both equipment and maintenance so that financial report preparation staff is able to utilize this information technology to support the regional government's financial reporting process. It is up to them to be able to produce reliable, relevant, comparable, and understandable financial statements for users.

The purpose of this study is to find out how service marketing mix affects relationship quality and revisit intention. Additionally, this study examines whether there was a moderating effect according to the country of origin among constructs. In order to measure the service marketing mix, seven factors were considered such as food, price, location, promotion, physical evidence, service process, and employees. For empirical analysis, data was collected by utilizing surveys of Korean and Vietnamese consumers who frequented Korean restaurants in Hanoi, Vietnam. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 24 and the AMOMS 24 program. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as a structural equation model (SEM) analysis were performed. The results of the empirical analysis showed that, first, the factors of service marketing mix such as food, price, location, physical evidence, and service process had a significant positive effect on relationship quality. Second, relationship quality had a significant positive effect on revisit intention. Third, it was found that where was a significant moderating effect depending on the consumers by country between these constructs.It could be observed that food, location, and promotion had a significantly effect depending on the nationality of consumers. Therefore, the research hypotheses formulated were sufficiently supported by the results.

Compared to shopping in the pre-pandemic times, online shoppers have boosted their online buying behaviors since the COVID-19 pandemic began. The study examines the role of the online shopping experience as a moderator impacting the influence of service quality and satisfaction on repurchase intention in East Java, Indonesia, in the pandemic COVID-19 era. The method of this study is explanatory research with an online survey. The primary data collected from 229 samples in East Java, Indonesia, did shopping using Shopee Platform during the last six months of the study. Responses were enumerated and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, followed by Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The descriptive statistics show that, as in East Java, online shoppers are dominated by women below 30 years old. MRA result explains the e-service quality affected repurchase intention, and satisfaction also affected repurchase intention before being moderated by the online shopping experience in East Java, Indonesia, in the pandemic COVID-19 era. While service quality and satisfaction were affected by the moderator, the moderator did not significantly affect repurchase intention in the pandemic COVID-19 era. Further research must pay attention to similar research in a post-pandemic era.

This study discussed tourist behavior toward the tourism destination in Lumban Bulbul Toba Beach choosing to visit again. Tourist behavior is the process a tourist undertakes, both observable and unobservable, when planning and participating in tourism. This research employed an explanatory research method and a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The population of this study are the tourists who visit Lumban Bulbul Beach and observers of Toba tourist destinations. The researchers adopted the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theoretical basis with the assumption that the cause of behavior changes depends on the quality of the stimulus namely the existence of traditional events implemented in Toba and surrounding areas affecting revisit intention to the tourist areas around Lake Toba. The results of hypothesis testing showed that Empowering Custom and Culture Events (ECCE) are influenced by Perceived Value. ECCE affects Distance of Visit, Environmental Awareness, and Customer Intention to revisit, while Perceived Value has no proven effect on Customer Intention to Revisit. The Sobel test results showed that ECCE is proven as mediation between Perceived Value and Customer Intention to Revisit. The results of this study on tourist behavior of revisit intention to Lumban Bulbul destination can be an input for Lake Toba tourist destination management.

Tourism is an interdisciplinary, inter-regional, inter-territory integrated economy; therefore, the construction of an associated tourism chain will help localities in the region take greater advantage of tourism resources and tourism products to meet the diverse needs of visitors (UNWTO, 2013). This research seeks to identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists in the associated tourism chain in four central provinces of Vietnam - Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Gia Lai, and Dak Lak. The study surveyed 1,361 tourists who have participated in an affiliated tour chain in these provinces during the March-April 2020 period. The survey was conducted online with the help of Google Form and the data collected were processed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis. The research results show that two main factors are affecting the satisfaction of tourists in the associated tourism chain in the above regions, namely, (i) tourism resources (cultural beauty in localities in the associated tourism chain, local cuisine in the affiliated travel chain, natural landscapes/local attractions in the linked tourism chain, etc.); and (ii) tourism environment (the climate in localities in the associated tourism chain, the clean and fresh environment in localities in the associated tourism chain, etc.).

Maintaining distance has become an effective pioneering measure in reducing the spread of the coronavirus outbreak (called COVID-19), so that distance learning has become an option for educators. This study seeks to explain the role of student satisfaction in mediating the effect of perceived value on word of mouth (WOM). The population of this study is students in Bali who had attended online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample size consists of 260 people selected with a purposive sampling method. The analysis is using SEM-PLS. The results shows that perceived value had a positive and significant effect on WOM. Perceived value also has a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction and student satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on WOM. There are several variables that need to be added, such as the online system itself, the quality and ease of use of online media. Satisfaction can mediate the effect of perceived value on WOM partially. Therefore, it is important for higher education institutions in Bali to increase the perceived value obtained by students, especially in the functional value, to increase student satisfaction and ultimately have an impact on increasing positive WOM about online lectures.

The study aimed to investigate the concept of collective achievement spirit (CAS) developed from the need for achievement theory as a new approach to motivating salespeople. This study used a sample of 348 salespeople from the life insurance industry using a questionnaire. Data analysis technique employed structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 22. The results showed that the spirit of empowering oneself and others in selling activities can improve sales performance. In addition, a customer-oriented team and a leadership style with a team spirit are believed to be the main motivators which enhances the enthusiasm of a sales person to achive the expected level of performance in sales related activities. The findings of this study suggest that increasing CAS in salespeople can be done through the staffing process policy in sales team by prioritizing core value ownership in individual salespeople, namely religious values oriented towards creating service value to customers. Efforts to improve the orientation of the team leader towards the achievement of team performance can be done by implementing a career break requirement policy or the requirements to become a salesteam leader.

This research article surveyed international backpackers traveling to attend the Full Moon Party in Pha-Ngan Island, Thailand. The purposes of this research include 1) studying the behavior of international backpackers; 2) analyzing the level of international backpackers' motivation, especially their push and pull factors; and 3) comparing the relationship between international backpackers' characteristics and their behaviors and motivations. The participants in this research consisted of 300 international backpackers, who were 18 or above in age and purposefully travelled to attend the Full Moon Party in Pha-Ngan Island in Suratthani province. Data was collected using a survey and then was statistically tested using the chi-square method and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated a total of 10 factors with 24 variables. These factors were classified into 4 push factors- 1) escape and novelty seeking, 2) feeling free, 3) opening up to the world, and 4) social needs-and 6 pull factors-1) partying, 2) uniqueness, 3) only for myself, 4) sea lover, 5) diversity, and 6) loner. It was observed that the personal factors of international backpackers were most closely related to their motivation factors (i.e., push and pull factors) and their travel behaviors at a significance level.

The purpose of this study is to examine tourist loyalty, which is developed through the value of experience and the image of the destination mediated by the strength of tourist engagement. The research is using a survey with the interview method and distribution of structured questionnaires, related agency documents, research reports, publications, and other literature relevant to research such as data on the number of tourism destinations in South Sumatra. This study examines all tourists who visiting natural tourism destinations in Palembang City, Lahat and Pagar Alam. This study was conducted in one district and two cities in South Sumatra because in these three areas feature natural tourism destinations visited by domestic tourists. The data analysis was carried out by structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of the AMOS program. This study explains that the value of tourist experience and destination image has a positive and significant effect on the strength of tourist engagement. The value of experience and tourist engagement has a positive and significant effect on tourist loyalty. Destination image does not affect the tourist loyalty. The strength of tourist engagement is mediating the relationship between experience value and destination image, and tourist loyalty.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the consumers' attitude and intention toward using social media by adopting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study further develops a comprehensive framework by identifying Knowledge Sharing Factors and Social Influence Factors as moderating variables that influence the relationship of attitude and behavior intention toward using social media. Based on the literature review, a research framework questionnaire is developed and conducted to test the research hypothesis in this study. The questionnaire survey method is employed to collect data from relevant social media, whereby 309 valid responses are used in the analysis. The results reveal that three TAM factors, namely, the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment are indeed the antecedents of attitude and behavior intention toward social media adoption. Also, the results indicate that social influence factors (social networking, social norms, and social trusts) and knowledge sharing factors (altruism, expected reciprocal benefit, and expected relationships) have moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and behavior intention toward social media. This research provides a comprehensive framework as important reference for professionals to develop social media marketing plan as well for academicians to conduct further validation.

The concept of sharing economy is still under debate among experts. Online transportation companies use the concept of a sharing economy with a partnership pattern. The pattern used in such a partnership is different from the common ones. Several studies have found information asymmetry and unbalanced relationships in the partnership. This study aims to identify information asymmetries in online transportation partnerships in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with interactive analysis, the informants are online transportation drivers in Malang City. This study finds that drivers have received asymmetric information in terms of order, bonus, and sanctions. Furthermore, they are not the partners of the companies; instead, they are application users, just as customers. All rules and policies are made by the company without involving a driver. Drivers can only accept all policies from the company if they wish to join the partnership. The implication that occurs to the driver causes the driver to lose bargaining power as a partner. However, their income is higher than that before joining the company. The sustainability and future of the driver are very unstable due to the ever-changing rules of the company. Driver loyalty is also considered very low. In light of this trend, the government should enact legislation that spells out the rights and responsibilities of parties involved in online transportation partnerships.

Studies have shown repeatedly that national cultural systems, as well as individual cultures, greatly affect the corporate cultural system in many ways. For example, national culture influences managerial decision-making, leadership styles, and human resource management practices. This study examines the mediating role of the national culture (power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation) on the relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-fair leadership style) and job satisfaction among academic staff in public universities in the UAE. A quantitative approach was used in this study, and a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was distributed to 326 respondents from the academic staff in the UAE public universities. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results revealed that national culture mediates the relationship between, transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, laissez-fair leadership style, and job satisfaction. National culture appears to mediate the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction among academic staff in UAE public universities, according to the findings. The findings also revealed how transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and laissez-faire leadership affect job satisfaction among academic staff in UAE public universities.

Human resources development is a set of processes to improve the quality of human capabilities in achieving organizational goals. More than ever, organizations must adapt their human resources to environmental changes. This study examines and analyzes empirically the relationship between forced leadership and friendly leadership behavior and employee performance, mediated by job satisfaction and employee engagement at the Aceh Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh - BPBA), Indonesia. All 108 BPBA employees were selected as the study sample using the census technique. This study uses both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. This study utilizes primary data gathered by distributing questionnaires to the respondents and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) instrument. The study found a significant positive effect of friendly leadership on job satisfaction and employee engagement, while the forced leadership did not. Friendly leadership has an insignificant impact on employee performance, while forced leadership has adversely impacted employee performance. As for the mediating effect, the study only documented a significant mediating role of employee engagement on the relationship between friendly leadership and employee performance. These findings show the crucial role of friendly leadership in enhancing employee engagement and, consequently, employee performance.

The study aims to explore whether Ajzen's theory of planned behavior is determinant of managers' propensity for participative decision-making in Bangladeshi textile industries. Surveys measuring the theory of planned behavior assumptions and propensity for participative decision-making were administered to 384 full-time managers and supervisors from different textile industries across Bangladesh. A measurement and structural equation model were employed to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the variables. Results generally support Ajzen's prediction that managers' psychological and psychosomatic predisposition is linked to participative decision-making. Findings suggest that managers' attitude toward participative decision-making, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly impact their avoidance or acceptance of participative decision-making in prevailing organizational settings. The findings also present a convincing argument for managers to constantly challenge their assumptions about workers and objectively analyze whether their perceptions affect their decision-making practices. The previous studies concerning managers' propensity for participative decision-making are conducted in western developing and developed nations. This study has taken the initiative to advance previous knowledge into a least developed country. This study expands the landscape of participative decision-making literature, adding further evidence that individual-difference variables, in this case, theory of planned behavior assumptions, greatly influence managers' and supervisors' biases about employee participation.

Increasing competition that is becoming more competitive in the non-profit industry, especially increasing organizational pressure to develop, such as lowering costs, making workers more optimal, and doing things better with cost efficiency. Organizational demands include searching and recruiting resources which are capable of directing, maintaining, and developing organizations in various target communities and current developments. This paper aims to evaluate and analyse the effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance mediated by organizational learning and organizational commitment. This research was conducted with the help of descriptive methods at A-certified Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA) in Indonesia. The total sample size used in this research consisted of 185 respondents. The approach used in this research is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0 analysis tools. The results showed that Transformational Leadership which has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Learning and Organizational Commitment. Organizational Learning has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Commitment has no significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Learning is able to mediate the effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance, and Organizational Commitment is unable to mediate Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance.

The aim of this research is to complement and develop previous research on the reason for the company's existence in the aqiqah sector, in the city of Semarang. The other aim of the paper is to find out the prospect of aqiqah business in the future in terms of the Halal supply chain. This research method uses a company as a sample that organizes aqiqah in the city of Semarang. For the purpose of the study, quantitative research method is used with primary and secondary data sources, using purposive sampling technique. Variables like Quality, Price and Service are analyzed using AHP, it is specifically designed to measure the tiered hierarchy level which allows it to provide a value from the criteria weight of an alternative so that it makes it easier to make decisions. The meaning of 'alternative' in this study is the supplier. The result of this research shows that the main reason for carrying out aqiqah business is because of the fact there are excellent prospects for this business in Semarang. There are some good reasons to open the business as 20% say that business prospects are still wide open while 15% said that it can be combined with the catering business. With the 10%, profit percentage, the result of AHP Supplier C is the best in Aqiqah Nurul Hayat Semarang, Supplier D is the best supplier in Aqiqah AMR Semarang. With the profit shown by these suppliers, this business has very good future prospects in Semarang.

This study investigates the effect of adversity quotient (AQ) and organizational justice on turnover intention mediating by affective commitment. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method using a Likert scale model questionnaire prepared by the researchers. All the questionnaire items were valid with corrected item-total correlation values >0.361. The questionnaire is also reliable at alpha coefficient >0.7. The respondents were 439 honorary teachers at private schools in Indonesia. Data analysis uses structural equation modeling (SEM) supported by correlational and descriptive statistics. Data processing used SPPS 26 and Lisrel 8.80. The research results reveal that all hypotheses are supported. AQ and organizational justice had a direct effect on affective commitment and turnover intention. AQ and organizational justice have also an indirect effect on turnover intention mediating by affective commitment. Besides, a new model of the effect of AQ and organizational justice on turnover intention mediating by affective commitment was confirmed. This research suggested that the teachers' turnover intention can be reduced through AQ and organizational justice, mediating affective commitment. Therefore, practitioners can adopt the new empirical model to mitigate turnover intention. The new empirical model could also be explored and adopted in further research.

This study aims to examine the Analysis of Factors Affecting Village Financial Management in Bali Province. Research with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 87 village heads who manage village finances and are responsible for village government financial reports. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression and the data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The results showed that the duality of village government (customary village and village apparatus), the capacity of village government officials and the competence of village assistants had a significant effect on the success of village fund management. Meanwhile, accountability does not affect the success of village fund management due to the lack of responsibility of village government officials for village financial management, which causes a negative impact on the sustainability of village governance. Empirically, the better the level of accountability, the better the success of village financial management. Other research results place the synergy of government, the capacity of government officials and the competence of village assistants as social capital, which have a positive effect on the success of village financial management, so that it becomes the focus of the village government in implementing public services and controlling government performance, both financial and non-financial.

For more than a decade, the government has implemented several policies by allocating resources and providing program assistances for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. However, the results have not reached the expected goals. This study aims at investigating the influence and contribution of bureaucratic structure, resources, disposition, and communication toward the small- and medium-sized enterprises' empowerment policy implementation in Indonesia. This study is an explanatory research. The population of this study is all food-sector SMEs owned and managed directly by their owners and registered with KOPERINDAG Agency of Gorontalo province; based on several criteria, 96 SMEs were selected as samples. The data were collected in one short study cross-sectionally through questionnaire and selected by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using Second Order Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the model. The results showed that four variables influence the implementation of the empowerment policy of micro, small and medium businesses in Indonesia. Based on the empirical facts, a ground-breaking finding pointed out to nine important aspects which determine government policy. Those nine aspects are creating conducive business climate, capital assistances, business protection, partnership development, training, establishment of a specific institution, strengthening the association, developing promotion, and developing equal cooperation.