권호 표지

Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (한국지진공학회논문집)

Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (EESK)

  • Bimonthly
  • /
  • 1226-525X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1099(eISSN)

Domain

  • Earth Science(Earth/Atmosphere/Marine/Astronomy) ＞ Geophysics

Aim & Scope

The Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (J.Earthq.Eng.Soc.Korea)is a journal of peer-reviewed papers on the latest advances in analysis, experiment and practice dedicated to earthquakes in the fields of seismology and earthquake engineering. J.Earthq.Eng.Soc.Korea is the official journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (EESK) founded in 1997. The aim of this journal is to present research and developments on the latest technologies related to earthquake engineering in all aspects. The journal will provide a powerful repository of scientific, technical and practical information for the research and professional community encompassing all disciplines of the earthquake engineering and seismology fields. The journal publishes 6 issues per year and follows an open-access policy. J.Earthq.Eng.Soc.Korea (ISSN: 1226-525X) is indexed in the Korea Citation Index (KCI). Papers considered for publication are original and high-quality works on analytical, experimental, design and field studies that form: -a valuable contribution to the theory or practice of earthquake engineering; - a state-of-the-art work on a topic related to earthquake; -a case study on a significant earthquake-related problem. The following is a non-exhaustive list of topics considered to be within the scope of the journal: tectonics and seismology, strong-motion studies, soil dynamics and foundations, site effects and geotechnical aspects, soil-structure interaction, design of earthquake resistant structures and foundations, earthquake demand and structural capacity, experimental and computational methods, seismic regulations and codes, passive and active control systems for seismic protection, seismic hazard assessment, earthquake disaster mitigation and emergency planning, repair and strengthening, seismic safety of industrial and nuclear facilities, case studies, field investigations, and research and development results.

https://acoms1.kisti.re.kr/eesk/ad01/index.jsp?publisher_cd=eesk&lang=kor KSCI KCI

Volume 20 Issue 7_spc

  1. Shin, Dong Hyeon;Hong, Suk-Jae;Kim, Hyung-Joon 425
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.425 PDF KSCI
    This study investigates important parameters used to determine an effective peak ground acceleration (EPGA) based on the characteristics of response spectra of historical earthquakes occurred at Korean peninsula. EPGAs are very important since they are implemented in the Korean Building Code for the seismic design of new structures. Recently, the Gyeongju earthquakes with the largest magnitude in earthquakes measured at Korea took place and resulted in non-structural and structural damage, which their EPGAs should need to be evaluated. This paper first describes the basic concepts on EPGAs and the EPGAs of the Gyeongju earthquakes are then evaluated and compared according to epicentral distances, site classes and directions of seismic waves. The EPGAs are dependant on normalizing factors and ranges of period on response spectrum constructed with the Gyeongju earthquake records. Using the normalizing factors and the ranges of period determined based on the characteristics of domestic response spectra, this paper draw a conclusion that the EPGAs are estimated to be about 30 % of the measured peak ground accelerations (PGA).
  2. Park, Hyo Sang;Nguyen, Duy-Duan;Lee, Tae-Hyung 435
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.435 PDF KSCI
    The Korean peninsula has known as a minor-to-moderate seismic region. However, some recent studies had shown that the maximum possible earthquake magnitude in the region is approximately 6.3-6.5. Therefore, a seismic vulnerability assessment of the existing infrastructures considering ground motions in Korea is necessary. In this study, we developed seismic fragility curves for a continuous steel box girder bridge and two typical transmission towers, in which a set of seven artificial and natural ground motions recorded in South Korea is used. A finite element simulation framework, OpenSees, is utilized to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the bridge and a commercial software, SAP2000, is used to perform time history analyses of the transmission towers. The fragility curves based on Korean ground motions were then compared with the fragility curves generated using worldwide ground motions to evaluate the effect of the two ground motion groups on the seismic fragility curves of the structures. The results show that both non-isolated and base-isolated bridges are less vulnerable to the Korean ground motions than to worldwide earthquakes. Similarly to the bridge case, the transmission towers are safer during Korean motions than that under worldwide earthquakes in terms of fragility functions.
  3. Kang, Thomas H.K.;Jeong, Seung Yong;Kim, Sanghee;Hong, Seongwon;Choi, Byong Jeon 443
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.443 PDF KSCI
    A Gyeongju earthquake in the magnitude of 5.8 on the Richter scale (the moment magnitude of 5.4), which was recorded as the strongest earthquake in Korea, occurred in September 12, 2016. Compared with the 2011 Virginia earthquake, the moment magnitude was slightly smaller and its duration was 3 seconds, much shorter than 10 seconds of the Virginia earthquake, resulting in relatively minor damage. But the two earthquakes are quite similar in terms of the overall scale, unexpectedness, and social situation. The North Anna Nuclear Power Plant, which is a nuclear power plant located at 18 km away from the epicenter of the Virginia earthquake, had no damage to nuclear reactors because the reactors were automatically shut down as the design basis earthquake value was exceeded. Ground accelerations of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake did not exceed the threshold value but the manual shutdown was carried out so that Wolsong Nuclear Power Site was not damaged. Damaged historic homestead house and masonry structures due to the Virginia earthquake have been repaired, reinforced, and rebuilt based on a long-term earthquake recovery project. Likewise, it will be necessary to carefully carry out an earthquake recovery planning program to improve overall seismic performance and to reconstruct the historic buildings and structures damaged as a result of the Gyeongju earthquake.
  4. Kim, Gwang-Jeon;Yang, Kwang-Kyu;Kim, Byeong-Su;Kim, Hyeon-Jeong;Yun, Su-Jeong;Song, Jong-Keol 453
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.453 PDF KSCI
    The Gyeong-Ju earthquake in the magnitude of 5.8 on the Richter scaleoccurred in September 12, 2016. Because there are many nuclear power plants (NPP) near the epicenter of the Gyeong-Ju earthquake, the seismic stability of nuclear power plants is becoming a social problem. In order to evaluate the safety of seismically isolated NPP, the seismic response of a NPP subjected to the Gyeong-Ju earthquake was compared with those of 30 sets of artificial earthquakes corresponding to the nuclear standard design spectrum (NSDS). A 2-node model and a simple beam-stick model were used for the seismic analysis of seismically isolated NPP structures. Using 2-node model, the effect of internal temperature rise, decrease of shear stiffness, increase of lateral displacement and decrease of vertical stiffness according to nonlinear behavior of lead-rubber bearing (LRB) were evaluated. The displacement response, the acceleration response, and the shear force response of the seismically isolated nuclear containment structure were evaluated using the simple beam-stick model. It can be observed that the seismic responses of the isolated nuclear structure subjected to Gyeong-Ju earthquake is significantly less than those to the artificial earthquakes corresponding to NSDS.
  5. Lee, Do Hyung;Shim, Jae Yeob;Jeon, Jong-Su 461
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.461 PDF KSCI
    Damage potential has been investigated for a domestic metropolitan railway bridge subjected to 2016 Gyeongju earthquake which has been reported as the strongest earthquake in Korea. For this purpose, nonlinear static pushover analyses for the bridge piers have been carried out to evaluate ductility capacities. Then, the capacities have been compared with those suggested by Railway Design Standards of Korea. This comparison shows that all piers possess enough safety margins. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis has also been conducted to estimate both displacement and shear force demands for the bridge subjected to ground motions recorded at stations in near of Gyeongju. Maximum demands reveal that response under the ground motions remains essentially in elastic. In addition, for a further assessment of the bridge under the Gyeongju earthquake, fragility analyses have been performed using those ground motions. The fragility results indicate that the recorded earthquakes do not significantly affect the damage exceedance probability of the bridge piers.
  6. Lee, Do Hyung;Jeon, Jong-Su 473
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.473 PDF KSCI
    In this paper, seismic performance assessment has been examined for a mid-rise RC building subjected to 2016 Gyeongju earthquake occurred in Korea. For the purpose of the paper, 2D external and internal frames in each direction of the building have been employed in the present comparative analyses. Nonlinear static pushover analyses have been conducted to estimate frame capacities. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses have also been carried out to examine demands for the frames subjected to ground motions recorded at stations in near of Gyeongju and a previous earthquake ground motion. Analytical predictions demonstrate that maximum demands are significantly affected by characteristics of both spectral acceleration response and spectrum intensity over a wide range of periods. Further damage potential of the frames has been evaluated in terms of fragility analyses using the same ground motions. Fragility results reveal that the ground motion characteristics of the Gyeongju earthquake have little influence on the seismic demand and fragility of frames.
  7. Kim, Dae-Hwan;Kim, Taewan;Chu, Yurim 485
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.485 PDF KSCI
    The risk-based assessment, also called time-based assessment of structure is usually performed to provide seismic risk evaluation of a target structure for its entire life-cycle, e.g. 50 years. The prediction of collapse probability is the estimator in the risk-based assessment. While the risk-based assessment is the key in the performance-based earthquake engineering, its application is very limited because this evaluation method is very expensive in terms of simulation and computational efforts. So the evaluation database for many archetype structures usually serve as representative of the specific system. However, there is no such an assessment performed for building stocks in Korea. Consequently, the performance objective of current building code, KBC is not clear at least in a quantitative way. This shortcoming gives an unresolved issue to insurance industry, socio-economic impact, seismic safety policy in national and local governments. In this study, we evaluate the comprehensive seismic performance of an low-rise residential buildings with discontinuous structural walls, so called piloti-type structure which is commonly found in low-rise domestic building stocks. The collapse probability is obtained using the risk integral of a conditioned collapse capacity function and regression of current hazard curve. Based on this approach it is expected to provide a robust tool to seismic safety policy as well as seismic risk analysis such as Probable Maximum Loss (PML) commonly used in the insurance industry.
  8. Roh, Ji Eun;Lee, Sang Hyun;Seo, Jun Won;Kim, Dong Kwan 495
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.495 PDF KSCI
    In this paper, time and frequency domain characteristics of Gyeong-ju earthquakes were investigated, and nonlinear time history analyses were conducted for bi-linear hysteretic structures excited by short-duration ground accelerations. Previous studies showed that larger inelastic displacements than the peak displacement of the corresponding elastic system were observed especially for the structures with structural period shorter than 0.3s, and the similar results could be obtained when long-duration ground accelerations were used as excitation loads. For the short-duration earthquakes, however, the inelastic displacements were not so large and almost identical to the peak elastic displacements.
  9. Roh, Ji Eun;Lee, Sang Hyun;Seo, Jun Won 503
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.503 PDF KSCI
    In this study, effectiveness of seismic retrofitting methods using passive damping devices was investigated through numerical analyses of short-period structures under earthquakes which have short-duration and high-frequency impulse characteristics similar to Geyongju earthquakes. Displacement spectra of elastic systems and ductility demand of inelastic systems were evaluated by increasing viscous or friction damping. The damping devices could reduce responses of the structures with shorter structural period than 0.2s. The earthquakes similar to impulse load did not induce the responses of the structures with longer period than 0.4s, and the effects of the damping devices which generates damping forces proportional to structural responses became insignificant.
  10. Kim, Namhee;Hong, Sung-Gul 509
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.509 PDF KSCI
    Secure operation of hospitals during and right after earthquake is essential. Past lessons from earthquake damages have shown that most of the injured and the death occurred within 30 minutes after earthquake and the portion of nonstructural damage has become significant. However, hospital buildings in Korea have not prepared fully to address such rising issues. This paper is to study what type of damage patterns are related to hospital buildings and how to develop a preparedness plan to keep hospitals operational at all earthquakes if possible. This paper first reviews on past earthquake damages reported as critical to hospital buildings while classifying them into four groups: (1) structural element; (2) architectural-nostructural element; (3) medical equipments and contents; and (4) utility facility. Upon such classification, some detailed concerns can be specified under each group explicitly. Then a hierarchy for hospital building is also developed for the classified groups, which enables us to identify required things for the enhancement of seismic performance of hospital building that consists of heterogeneous elements. To upgrade the level of seismic performance for existing hospital buildings, the concept of performance-based approach can be adopted to address the heterogeneous problems in a systematic and stepwise manner. Finally a conceptual framework for the seismic risk assessment for hospital building is proposed toward the seismic enhancement of hospital buildings using performance-based approach.
  11. Lee, Cheol Ho;Park, Ji-Hun 517
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.517 PDF KSCI
    In this paper, some popular intensity measures of earthquakes including magnitude, MMI, and PGA as well as their empirical relationships are briefly reviewed since they have been widely used without prudence by mass media, the public, and even the government when asking or expressing the seismic capacity of buildings. The basic concept of current seismic design is also presented in order to facilitate relevant discussions. It is emphasized that expressing the building seismic capacity simplistically in terms of seismological quantities or terminologies like magnitude and MMI is inherently irrational, may be misleading the stakeholders, and should be avoided. Alternative expressions, more rational and consistent with current seismic design philosophy and practice, are recommended.
  12. Lee, Cheol Ho;Park, Ji-Hun;Kim, Taejin;Kim, Sung-Yong;Kim, Dong-Kwan 527
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.527 PDF KSCI
    This paper investigates seismic damage potential of recent September 12 M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake from diverse earthquake engineering perspectives using the accelerograms recorded at three stations near the epicenter. In time domain, strong motion durations are evaluated based on the accelerograms and compared with statistical averages of the ground motions with similar magnitude, epicentral distance and soil conditions, while Fourier analysis using FFT is performed to identify damaging frequency contents contained in the earthquake. Effective peak ground accelerations are evaluated from the calculated response spectra and compared with apparent peak ground accelerations and the design spectrum in KBC 2016. All these results are used to consistently explain the reason why most of seismic damage in the earthquake was concentrated on low-rise stiff buildings but not quite significant. In order to comparatively appraise the damage potential, the constant ductility spectrum constructed from the Gyeongju earthquake is compared with that of the well-known 1940 El Centro earthquake. Deconvolution analysis by using one accelerogram speculated to be recorded at a stiff soil site is also performed to estimate the soil profile conforming to the response spectrum characteristics. Finally, response history analysis for 39- and 61-story tall buildings is performed as a case study to explain significant building vibration felt on the upper floors of some tall buildings in Busan area during the Gyeongju earthquake. Seismic design and retrofit implications of M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake are summarized for further research efforts and improvements of relevant practice.
  13. Ha, Seong Jin;Jee, Hyun Woo;Han, Sang Whan 537
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.537 PDF KSCI
    In low to moderate seismic regions, there are limited earthquake ground motion data recorded from past earthquakes. In this regard, the Gyeongju earthquake (M=5.8)occurred on September 12, 2016 produces valuable information on ground motions. Ground motions were recorded at various recording stations located widely in Korean peninsula. Without actual recoded ground motions, it is impossible to make a ground motion prediction model. In this study, a point source model is constructed to accurately simulate ground motions recorded at different stations located on different soil conditions during the Gyeongju earthquake. Using the model, ground motions are generated at all grid locations of Korean peninsula. Each grid size has $0.1^{\circ}(latitude){\times}0.1^{\circ}(longitude)$. Then a contour hazard map is constructed using the peak ground acceleration of the simulated ground motions.
  14. Kim, Kyungtae;Yoo, Chang-Hwan;Park, Kyunghoon;Kim, Taejin 545
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.545 PDF KSCI
    This paper investigates seismic performance of a small-sized single story building in Korea. Nonlinear pushover anlaysis is performed to verify shear failure of RC short columns eventually led to performance degradation. Also, nonlinear time history analysis is performed using the same earthquakes from Gyeongju. Similar failure mode was obtained as in the report where a sudden rupture of the RC columns happened.
  15. Song, Min Ah;Lee, Sicheol;Lee, Kihak 553
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.553 PDF KSCI
    After an earthquake occurred in the Gyeongju, 2016, many low-story buildings have been questioned in terms of the seismic performance since mostly they have been exempted from the seismic design requirement since 1988. In this study, a 3-story moment resisting frame (MRF) building was analyzed and evaluated the seismic performance. Due to the insufficient seismic performance required for the seismic performance levels, three different seismic retrofit schemes were proposed and their seismic performances were re-evaluated. While steel brace and open shear wall retrofit systems mainly focused on the strength retrofit, the VES damper retrofit system is mainly to enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the system and resultes in the increased ductility. The original building and 3 retrofitted buildings were evaluated using the nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses and suggestions were proposed. Through the analysis of nonlinear time history and push-over using MIDAS/Gen program, damages of the building in terms of top story and average story drift and effect of reinforcement were analyzed.
  16. Lee, Su Hyeon;Cho, Tae Gu;Lim, Hwan Taek;Choi, Byong Jeong 561
    https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.7.561 PDF KSCI
    After the Gyeong-ju 9.12 earthquake, we found the necessity of seismic design of nonstructural element is important to reduce damages in view of properties and economic losses. This study focused on the investigation of damages including both properties and human beings. It was found that most of the damages are leaking of water pipe line, rupture of glasses, spalling of roof finishing, cracks of building, and falling from roof. It was also found that the seismic design force of nonstructural elements is taking account into the natural periods, amplification factors, response modification factors to forsee inelastic behaviors. From this studies, it is recommended that more studies are necessary on the seismic design force of nonstructural element.