권호 표지

Environmental Engineering Research

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (KSEE)

  • Bimonthly
  • /
  • 1226-1025(pISSN)
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  • 2005-968X(eISSN)

Aim & Scope

The Environmental Engineering Research (EER) is published bimonthly by the Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (KSEE). The EER covers a broad spectrum of the science and technology of air, soil, and water management while emphasizing scientific and engineering solutions to environmental issues encountered in industrialization and urbanization. Particularly, interdisciplinary topics and multi-regional/global impacts (including eco-system and human health) of environmental pollution as well as scientific and engineering aspects of novel technologies are considered favorably. The scope of the Journal includes the following areas, but is not limited to: 1. Atmospheric Environment & Climate Change: Global and local climate change, greenhouse gas control, and air quality modeling This topical section covers a wide range of atmospheric pollution issues, including monitoring and modeling of global climate change, quantitative assessment and solutions of local air pollution, interactions of local and global air pollution impacts, emission reduction of air pollutants, and carbon neutral process development. 2. Renewable Energy & Waste Management: Energy recovery from waste, incineration, landfill, and green energy In addition to traditional waste treatment and recycling, this section is dedicated to more comprehensive scientific and engineering knowledge in the following specific areas: renewable energy production, waste-to-energy conversion technologies, resources recovery from wastes, zero waste, hazardous waste treatment, soil remediation related to waste, and biochar. 3. Environmental Biotechnology & Ecology: Nano-biosensor, environmental genomics, bioenergy, and environmental eco-engineering The Environmental Biotechnology area covers microbial physiology, microbial community, genomic/proteomic studies, biofilm, bioremediation, and applied aspects of biotechnology. Specific topics being dealt with in this area include nano-/biosensors and sensing systems to monitor environmental toxic substances. The Environmental Ecology and Eco-engineering area covers the followings: ecotechnology; habitat reconstruction; restoration ecology; ecosystem conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; wetland restoration; and aspects of ecology. 4. Physical & Chemical Technology: Membrane technology and advanced oxidation This section covers comprehensive topics in novel environmental technologies related to physical and/or chemical approaches. Specific topics of interest include membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, adsorption, granular filtration, and disinfection as well as photoelectrochemical technologies for water treatment. The articles dealing with interdisciplinary topics of above mentioned topics are highly encouraged. 5. Environmental System Engineering: Seawater desalination, ICA (instrument, control, and automation), and water reuse The section emphasizes the application of system engineering principles to solve complex environmental problems, such as water resources management, soil and groundwater pollution, and integrated environmental management. Specific areas of interest are as follows: optimization and development of physicochemical and biological processes, monitoring and control of contaminants, simulation and modeling for the fate and transport of pollutants, and desalination and water reuse systems. 6. Environmental Health & Toxicology: Micropollutants, hazardous materials, ecotoxicity, and environmental risk assessment This section deals with an interdisciplinary scientific field in environmental health & toxicology including environmental OMICS. The integration of a variety of topics in environmental health & toxicology will provide novel perspectives and systematic solutions for the improvement of human health and ecosystem sustainability. Specific topics of interest include emerging micropollutants, health hazards, environmental OMICS sciences, ecotoxicity, and environmental risk assessment.

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Volume 16 Issue 3

  1. Chapra, Steven C. 113
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.113 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    This study traces the origin, evolution, and current state-of-the-art of engineering-oriented water-quality management and modeling. Three attributes of polluted water underlie human concerns for water quality: rubbish (aesthetic impairment), stink (ecosystem impairment), and death (public health impairment). The historical roots of both modern environmental engineering and water-quality modeling are traced to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when European and American engineers worked to control and manage urban wastewater. The subsequent evolution of water-quality modeling can be divided into four stages related to dissolved oxygen (1925-1960), computerization (1960-1970), eutrophication (1970-1977) and toxic substances (1977-1990). Current efforts to integrate these stages into unified holistic frameworks are described. The role of water-quality management and modeling for developing economies is outlined.
  2. Seo, Dong-Il;Lee, Eun-Hyoung;Reckhow, Kenneth 121
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.121 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    The completely mixed flow and plug flow (CAP) water quality model was developed for streams with discontinuous flows, a condition that often occurs in low base flow streams with in-stream hydraulic structures, especially during dry seasons. To consider the distinct physical properties of each reach effectively, the CAP model stream network can include both plug flow (PF) segments and completely mixed flow (CMF) segments. Many existing water quality models are capable of simulating various constituents and their interactions in surface water bodies. More complicated models do not necessarily produce more accurate results because of problems in data availability and uncertainties. Due to the complicated and even random nature of environmental forcing functions, it is not possible to construct an ideal model for every situation. Therefore, at present, many governmental level water quality standards and decisions are still based on lumped constituents, such as the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), the total nitrogen (TN) or the total phosphorus (TP). In these cases, a model dedicated to predicting the target concentration based on available data may provide as equally accurate results as a general purpose model. The CAP model assumes that its water quality constituents are independent of each other and thus can be applied for any constituent in waters that follow first order reaction kinetics. The CAP model was applied to the Geum River in Korea and tested for CBOD, TN, and TP concentrations. A trial and error method was used for parameter calibration using the field data. The results agreed well with QUAL2EU model predictions.
  3. Kim, Il-Ho;Kim, Seog-Ku;Lee, Hyun-Dong;Tanaka, Hiroaki 131
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.131 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    The degradation of 30 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) subjected to $O_3$, $O_3$/UV, and $O_3/H_2O_2$ treatments were investigated using semi-batch tests and evaluated by their pseudo-first-order rate constants. The additional application of UV or $H_2O_2$ during $O_3$ treatment significantly improved the degradation rate of most of the PPCPs. At the same $O_3$ feed rate, $O_3$/UV treatment exhibited much higher PPCP degradation efficiency than that of $O_3$ treatment. This was probably due to degradation of the PPCPs by $O_3$, direct UV photodegradation, and OH radicals that formed from the photodegradation of $O_3$ during $O_3$/UV treatment. PPCP degradation by $O_3$ was also promoted by adding $H_2O_2$ during the $O_3$ treatment. However, when the initial $H_2O_2$ concentration was high during $O_3$ treatment, OH radicals were likely to be scavenged by excess $H_2O_2$, leading to low PPCP degradation. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate $H_2O_2$ dosage during $O_3$ treatment to improve PPCP degradation when adding $H_2O_2$ during $O_3$ treatment.
  4. Park, So-Young;Park, Jong-Sung;Lee, Ha-Yoon;Heo, Ji-Yong;Yoon, Yeo-Min;Choi, Kyung-Ho;Her, Nam-Guk 137
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.137 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and $17{\alpha}$-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for EE2 compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and EE2 in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.081-0.094 $min^{-1}$ for EE2) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.092-0.124 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.147-0.228 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and EE2: 0.018-0.107 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.052-0.142 $min^{-1}$ with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.054-0.136 $min^{-1}$ with beads for EE2. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and EE2 was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 $min^{-1}$ in SBW and 0.087-0.101 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 $min^{-1}$ in SWB and 0.092-0.105 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for EE2. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 7% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SBW and 7% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 4% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SSW.
  5. Choi, Yang-Hun;Kweon, Ji-Hyang 149
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.149 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    Nanofiltration (NF) experiments were conducted to investigate fouling of Al-hydroxide precipitate and the influence of organic compound, inorganic compound, and their combination, i.e., multiple foulants. $CaCl_2$ and $MgSO_4$ were employed as surrogates of inorganic compounds while humic acid was used as surrogate of organic compound. The flux attained from NF experiments was fitted with the mathematical fouling model to evaluate the potential fouling mechanisms. Al-hydroxide fouling with a cake formation mechanism had little effect on the NF membrane fouling regardless of the Al concentration. The NF fouling by Al-hydroxide precipitate was deteriorated in presence of inorganic matter. The effect of Mg was more critical in increasing the fouling than Ca. This is because the Mg ions enhanced the resistances of the cake layer accumulated by the Al-hydroxide precipitate on the membrane surfaces. However, the fouling with Mg was dramatically mitigated by adding humic acid. It is interesting to observe that the removal of the conductivity was enhanced to 61.2% in presence of Mg and humic acid from 30.9% with Al-hydroxide alone. The influence of dissolved matter (i.e., colloids) was more negative than particulate matter on the NF fouling for Al-hydroxide precipitate in presence of inorganic and organic matter.
  6. Nam, Sang-Chul;Hur, Kwang-Beom;Lee, Nam-Hoon 159
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.159 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    This study examined the emission characteristics of impure gas-like hydrogen sulfide and siloxane contained in landfill gas (LFG) and investigated the effect of impure gas on LFG utility facilities. As a result of an LFG component analysis from eight landfills in the same environment, hydrogen sulfide averaged 436 ppmv (22-1,211 ppmv), and the concentration of total siloxane averaged 7.95 mg/$m^3$ (1.85-21.18 mg/$m^3$). In case of siloxane concentration by component, the ratio of D4 (average 3.79 mg/$m^3$) and D5 (average 2.64 mg/$m^3$) indicated the highest level. Different kinds of scales were found on the gas air heater (GAH) and inside the boiler. The major component of scale from the GAH was $Fe_2O_3$ of 38.5%, and it was caused by hydrogen sulfide. Other scale was found on the bottom and the wall of the boiler and the scale was silicon dioxide of 92.8% and 98.9%. The silicon dioxide scale was caused by combustion of siloxane. As a result of a scanning electron microscopy analysis, the structure of the silicon dioxide scale from the boiler was an immediate filamentous type. Consequently, as silicon dioxide scale is bulky, such bad effects were worsening, as an interruption in heat conduction, increase in fuel consumption, damage to the boiler by overheating, and clogged emission pipeline could occur in LFG utility facilities.
  7. Sinha, Shahnawaz;Amy, Gary;Yoon, Yeo-Min;Her, Nam-Guk 165
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.165 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of arsenic on six different adsorbents were investigated with one synthetic and four natural types (two surface and two ground) of water. The adsorbents tested included magnetic ion exchange resins (MIEX), hydrous ion oxide particles (HIOPs), granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), activated alumina (AA), sulfur modified iron (SMI), and iron oxide-coated microsand (IOC-M), which have different physicochemical properties (shape, charge, surface area, size, and metal content). The results showed that adsorption equilibriums were achieved within a contact period of 20 min. The optimal doses of adsorbents determined for a given equilibrium concentration of $C_{eq}=10\;{\mu}g/L$ were 500 mg/L for AA and GFH, 520-1,300 mg/L for MIEX, 1,200 mg/L for HIOPs, 2,500 mg/L for SMI, and 7,500 mg/L for IOC-M at a contact time of 60 min. At these optimal doses, the rate constants of the adsorbents were 3.9, 2.6, 2.5, 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 1/hr for HIOPs, AA, GFH, MIEX, SMI, and IOC-M, respectively. The presence of silicate significantly reduced the arsenic removal efficiency of HIOPs, AA, and GFH, presumably due to the decrease in chemical binding affinity of arsenic in the presence of silicate. Additional experiments with natural types of water showed that, with the exception of IOC-M, the adsorbents had lower adsorption capacities in ground water than with surface and deionized water, in which the adsorption capacities decreased by approximately 60-95%.
  8. Kim, Byung-Sik;Yoon, Young-Han;Lee, Hyun-Dong 175
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.3.175 PDF KSCI KPUBS
    The climate of the $21^{st}$ century is likely to be significantly different from that of the 20th century because of human-induced climate change. An extreme weather event is defined as a climate phenomenon that has not been observed for the past 30 years and that may have occurred by climate change and climate variability. The abnormal climate change can induce natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, heavy snow, etc. How will the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events be affected by the global warming change in the $21^{st}$ century? This could be a quite interesting matter of concern to the hydrologists who will forecast the extreme weather events for preventing future natural disasters. In this study, we establish the extreme indices and analyze the trend of extreme weather events using extreme indices estimated from the observed data of 66 stations controlled by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Korea. These analyses showed that spatially coherent and statistically significant changes in the extreme events of temperature and rainfall have occurred. Under the global climate change, Korea, unlike in the past, is now being affected by extreme weather events such as heavy rain and abnormal temperatures in addition to changes in climate phenomena.