This study aims to find out the present conditions of pilotis space, and the usage and requests of it by residents as to suggest the direction in planning pilotis spaces in apartment housing. This study selected six apartment complexes, and conducted case-studies and surveys of them. The study findings are as follows. 1) The types of pilotis spaces of the apartment housing can be categorized into an entry type, a community type, a recreational type, a bicycle storage type, a pedestrian passage type, a parking type, and a visual passage type. As a result of studying the present conditions, pilotis spaces of a recreational type were the most, and a community type and a parking type were not found. It was found that diverse types of pilotis spaces need to be planned in consideration of the characteristics of an apartment complex and its residents. 2) As for residents' time spent in using the pilotis space, they spent little time. This can be attributed to the fact that most pilotis spaces were designed only with simple flat benches, and gazebos, which seemingly failed to draw residents' attention. Therefore, the spaces need to be planned for diverse purposes after examining residents' needs, which can include indoor exercise equipments and children's play facilities. 3) Regarding the residents' requests about pilotis spaces in the apartment housing, the most widely requested was using it as a community space. Also, many requested to use it as a library, and a children's play space. Therefore, it needs to be considered to plan the pilotis space for providing diverse programs.

Cost estimation through fast and correct quantity take offs are crucial in the process of construction project. The existing methods for cost estimation are mainly based on 2D-based drawings and the estimation result tends to be different according to the estimator's experience, the quality and quantity of used information and estimation time. To solve these problems, the domestic construction industry have recently tried to use the data extracted from 3D data modeling based on BIM(Building Information Modeling) in order to achieve more accurate and objective cost estimation. However it tends to increase dramatically the quantity of information that can be used in cost estimation by estimators. Therefore in order to achieve quality information data from 3D data modeling, the characteristics of the project should be reflected on the 3D model and it is most important to extract information only for cost estimation from the whole 3D model fast and accurately. Thus this study aims to propose the 3D modeling method through Data Normalization which maximizes the usability of 3D Data modeling in cost estimation process.

The construction projects are recently having changes in their magnitude and complexity. Therefore, the amount of information created and managed by participants over project phases is enormous and this may cause difficulties in consistent and integrated data management. Because of the change in construction projects, there is a need to apply more logical and systematic ways to deal integrated data management. For the solution to this, BIM(Building Information Modeling), a new paradigm for integrated management of the information over project life-cycle, has been seriously considered. Also, the Korean Public Procurement Service announced that project over 50 billion Korean Won should introduce BIM into procurement starting from 2012. However, the studies and development have lack on studies of applying BIM and managing the data made using BIM in pre-design and maintenance stage. In pre-design stage, the concept of schematic design model is made to support for making major decisions concerning the size, shape and cost of the project. To decide the cost for the building in this stage by making use of BIM, estimating the amount of building materials used for constructing should be preceded. In this study, the pre-design BIM is explained to gain a better understanding of its process, since this paper focused on space programming stage. Finally, the paper suggests the concept process of estimating the amount of materials in building interior finishing from selecting the type for the elements of each space made to support the client for making decisions in space programming stage based on pre-design BIM.

르네상스 시대의 필리포 브뤼넬레치, 19세기의 쟝 니꼴라 루이 뒤랑, 근대 건축의 꾸르뷔지에, 귀세프 테라니, 밀르벤 데르호흐, 그리고 현대건축의 장 누벨과 같은 5명의 건축가의 예를 통해, 건축에서 늘 되풀이되어 나타나는 기하학적 형체로서의 이 격자무늬는 자신의 다면성을 보여준다. 합리적인 면은 그대로 간직한 채, 격자무늬는 순서대로, 균형잡힌 비율의 선, 축에 관한 구성체계, 조립식 건축의 구조, 합리주의의 상징, 건물의 배치와 크기를 결정하는 반복적인 조직망, 삼차원 공간에서의 프랙탈한 이미지로서 나타난다.

Recently, in rural areas have been occurred closed school due to reduce children of people who consider educational environment. In July 2009 statistic, Closed school are ut to 3,348; sale process(61%), lease(25%), neglect(14%). Closed school are not only local community education, but also to act as cultural and historical role. First of all, it will be utilized public facilities as well as welfare facilities for local residents. In this study suggests the welfare facility where is remodelled as good case so that it will use as a data when closed school need remodeling. The main contents is as follows; it is set the slope next to the school building, a classroom is remodelled 2 triple rooms which are installed Ondol and a toilet, teacher's room is converted into the canteen, corridors are converted into the kitchen. Having good condition in the area, close school is appropriate to use welfare facility and also effective to convert teacher's space into normal space, canteen, kitchen. Finally, developed 2~5 composition type of elderly facility.

This study aims to compare the Malevich's 'non-objectivity' and Mies van der Rohe's 'almost nothing'. K. Malevich who, as a painter, was a pioneer of abstract art and an initiator of Suprematism, was sought an ultimate value of art to non objective world, namely non of consciousness or a world of a non-being, In the same way, 'Mies van der Rohe was also sought for architectural space of non objectivity, as non of objective, being introduced 'less is more' or 'almost nothing' to architectural space.

The prime purpose of this study is to view traditional residential space not only as visual and figurative but also experiencing space from the perspective of aesthetics. This study points out that traditional residential space should be perceived as "true space" of connecting people, life and experience. Although it was not clearly defined as a visual entity, the value, phenomenon and experience of space materialized through conjecture and expectation are interpreted as the arena of aesthetics and philosophy. This study aims at drawing a conclusion that the characteristics of traditional residential space, which is perceived as experiencing space centered on objective and subjective human behaviors, makes a linkage to aesthetic elements.

The Ottoman dynasty destroyed the Byzantine Empire by occupying Constantinople established the Ottoman Empire and renamed to Istanbul in 1453. Contrary to Islam, the research about Byzantine architecture have an abundant data. Because of the indifference to Islam, there is need today for this sort of study. Islam believe the Biblical Old Testament, I should like to know what is reason for resemblance of the Christian Aya sopia, what is difference in the floor plan between Islam and Judaism. This research applies to the Courtyard type Mosques of SINAN aesthetically completed the Mosque Architecture as a respected architect in 15th century. This study is to investigate the relationship of Orthodox Eastern Church and Islam Mosque within the limit of Istanbul that access is easy and have Christian religion by substratum culture among the many countries that Islam does by diplomatic relations.

The study investigated the actual conditions of U.S. nursing-home facilities and Korean nursing homes and conducted a comparative analysis of those nursing facilities to propose the following suggestions for facility improvement: 1.) The number of sickbeds per nursing unit in Korea should be maintained a level of more than 30 beds like the United States, and each rest room in a residential facility should have an area of at least 4.2 square meters. 2.) Each room of a nursing home should be occupied by four or less persons for privacy. 3,) The minimum areas of residential rooms should be larger than 9.2 sq. meters for single rooms and 6.1 sq. meters for quadruple rooms. 4.) Nursing homes for the elderly need to improve rest room spaces and interior fishes to prevent them from falling down and getting hurt and thus help them live safely.

From the research which sees the building which uses a natural control method with ecological architecture, continuity tried to divide the building which uses a physical control method with sustainable architecture. Ecological architecture analyzes the microclimate of the area and applies mining and natural ventilation leads and that the interior environment controls, the condition of the site actively and there is a possibility of seeing. Also sustainable architecture which is possible to lead and recycling and reuse of the resources and energy cyclic process of the construction resources to lead and the interior environment to control. Therefore the case where the facility system and structural system become integrated design organically in natural circulating method is many. Specially the sunshade system and double skin system are combined and structural system of the building and there is a possibility of having the envelope which form is feature. Today the buildings lead and the system integration process where the integral parts are systematic is demanded the interior environment which and an external form and that, they make they are there is a possibility of seeing. the environmental building which hits joins in with natural control method and the structure and facility system are integrated and has the tendency which is developed and there is a possibility of saying that a meaning with the alternative construction will be able to reduce the resources and an energy.

The CM(Construction Manager) of D-university has been seeking the advice of my BIM-team to adopt CM(Construction Management) and BIM best practices to improve project delivery results, and has authored best practice reports for spatial validation, BIM, 3D, 4D and 5D performance. Building Information Modeling(BIM) Process, Integration, and Adoption looks at BIM implementation from a company and project level laying out a process for companies to use BIM. Following this studies, participants will be able to: 1. BIM participants has been creating a BIM process diagram for a project, and has been evaluating and selecting process options for a specific BIM project. 2. BIM participants has been describing the roles and responsibilities of participants in the BIM process, and has been communicating the BIM process to management, colleagues, and project stakeholders. 3. BIM participants has been identified consistent factors influencing BIM return on investment at the project level and the company level, and has been outlining a process for BIM adoption on the project level and company level.