Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithrombotic activities of Haenggyonghonghwatang (HGHHT). Methods : Measured the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Each of the groups consisted in 8 mice, was divided into Normal, Control, and HGHHT. All of these 3 group were supplied a saline solution and after an hour the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood. Also the HGHHT group was dosed to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood as well as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. HGHHT inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro, but insignificantly as compared with the control group in vivo. HGHHT inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine(inhibitive rate 50%). HGHHT increased number of platelet, fibrinogen amount and shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : HGHHT is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

Purpose : Endometriosis has been thought to be related with blood stasis in uterus. Onkyung-tang is a herb which has effectiveness of activating blood, warmy and regulating mensturation, therefore in the present study, the effects of Onkyung-tang on endometriosis were investigated. Methods : The endometrial tissue was autografted to Rat's small intestine. Rats with surgically induced endometriosis was orally administerd with Onkyung-tang for 40 days. Size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and concentration of progesterone, estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2, 4, 6, 10 in serum were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of ectopic uterine implants of treated group was much smaller than that of control group. The concentration of estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4 level were significantly decreased in experimental group compared with the control group. IL-10 level was significantly increased in experimental group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in progesterone, IL-2, 6 level in experimental group and control group as well. Conclusion : My data suggest that Onkyung-tang reduce the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibit the growth of ectopic uterine implants. Judging from the above results, it can be suggested that Onkyung-tang should be a useful agent for inhibiting the proliferation of uterine endometrial tissue.

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of Dangguijakyaksan on cell proliferation in HeLa cells. Methods : Human uterine cervical carcinoma HeLa cells were cultured in the 1%, 5% and 10% concentration of Dangguijakyaksan extract solution for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours for the direct inhibitory effects of Dangguijakyaksan. Afterwards, we executed the analysis of the effect of Dangguijakyaksan extract solution on cell proliferation inhibition using XTT assay, molecular biological method through MAP kinase activity and FACS analysis of caspase activity in the HeLa cells. Results : After 24, 48 and 72 hours cultivation, Dangguijakyaksan extract solution group showed significant decrease of HeLa cells except 1% solution after 24 hours compared with the control group. In the FACS analysis, Dangguijakyaksan extract solution groups showed increase of caspase activity except 1% solution after 48 hours compared with the control group. In the XTT assay, the caspase-3 activities were increased in Dangguijakyaksan extract solution groups except 1% solution after 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner. In the XTT study, cell activities were significantly decreased in 10% Dangguijakyaksan extract solution groups after 48 and 72 hours cultivation compared with the control group. In all Dangguijakyaksan extract solution groups, The activities of MAP kinase were decreased after 24, 48 and 72 hours cultivation compared with the control group. Conclusion : It could be concluded that Dangguijakyaksan is available to the inhibition of proliferation of human cervical carcinoma cell line in vitro.

Purpose : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the different administration duration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on the spermatogenic abilities. Methods : We used the 2-month-old mice and administered Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution 0.3mg/g/day for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The control group was administered the normal saline in the same way. We examined the number of total, motile and normal sperm from the cauda epididymis, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase. Also we observed changes of isolated testis before and after administration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solutions in the mice. And we compared to the testicular tissue especially seminiferous tubules between control and treated group by histochemical methods. Results : The significant differences were observed in the concentration of total sperm and normality of spermatozoa of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 60, 90 and 120days groups. The significant differences were observed the motility of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 90 days group respectively. In the histological analysis of the testicular tissues, the enlargement of testicular lobe diameter and apparent vasculogenesis between testicular lobes were observed in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group, respectively. but the activity of hyaluronidase was not significantly increased in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups Conclusion : This study shows that Ginseng Radix Alba has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm especially in 90 days administration group. We can suggest that Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution be useful for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions and infertility.

Purpose : These studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of the Cynomorii Herba (CH) on the spermatogenic abilities such as the concentration, motility and morphological normality of sperm from the testis, and the activities of sperm hyaluronidase, testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase. Materials and Methods : We used the 2-month-old mice and administered 0.2ml extract solution of CH in the 0.1mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 100mg/ml once a day for 60days. The control group was administered the distilled water in the same way. After the administration of extract solution, we examined the number of total, motile and normal sperm from the cauda epididymis, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase, testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase. We observed the histological changes of isolated testis and compared to the testicular tissue especially seminiferous tubules between control and CH groups by histochemical method. Results : The concentration of total sperm and the motility of spermatozoa were significantly increased in the 1mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 100mg/ml CH groups, especially in 10mg/ml group, compared to the control group. The significant differences were observed in the normality of spermatozoa of the CH groups compared to the control group. In the histolocal analysis of the testicular tissues, the enlargement of testicular lobe diameter and apparent vasculogenesis between testicular lobes were observed in the CH groups compared to the control group. Also, the activity of hyaluronidase was significantly increased in the CH groups compared to the control group. In the antioxidant activity analysis, the activities of testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase were significantly increased in the CH groups compared to the control group, respectively. Conclusion : This study shows that CH has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase, testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase. We can suggest that CH extract solution be useful for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions and infertility.

Purpose : To address the ability of Dohaekseungkitang (DST: a commonly used herb formulation in Korea, Japan and China to have anti-cancer effect on cervical carcinoma), we investigated the effects of DST on programmed cell death (apoptosis) in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Methods : We cultured HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : After the treatment of DST for 48 hours, apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we have shown that DST induces calpain and the associated caspase-8 and -9 activations. Apoptosis was prevented by pre-incubation of the cells with the calcium cHeLator-BAPTA-AM, calcium channel blocker-Nif edipine or Ryonidine agonist-Ryonidine peptide, implicating calcium in the apoptotic process. Ubiquitous calpains (mu- and m-calpain) have been repeatedly implicated in apoptosis, especially in calcium-related apoptosis. However this study showed 1hat either calpain inhibitor-calpastin or caspase-3 inhibitor-DEVD- did not blocked the herb formulation-induced apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. D ST initiates a cell death pathway that is partially dependent of caspases. DST-induced apoptosis requires caspase-independent mechanism. Conclusion : We conclude that DST-induced calpain activation triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in which caspase-independent mechanism is also involved.

Purpose : To address the ability of Olibanum to induce cell death, we investigated the effect of olibanum on cell apoptosis. Twenty-four hours later, apoptosis occurred following olibanum exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Methods : We culture HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : The treatment of BAPTA-AM regulated olibanum-induced apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. The 24 hr-earlier -thapsigargin-pretreated cell showed the resistance against olibanum-induced apoptosis and the Ru360-mitochondrial uniporter-inhibited olibanum-induced apoptosis, too. It means that olibanum leads to the accumulation of calcium and the resultant apoptosis in HeLa cells. Immunoblotting data also shows that the expression of GRP78, ER stress marker protein, was induced by the olibanum. Bcl-2, anti-apototic protein, was decreased and that the expression of Bax, pro-apoptotic protein, was increased by the addition of olibanum. Interestingly, the olibanum increased the activity of caspase-8 as well as calpain cysteine pretense in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Calpain inhibitor-calpastatin as well as caspase-8C/A expression abrogated olibanum-induced apoptosis in the carcinoma cells. The inhibition of caspase-8 regulated olibanum-induced calpain activation but the inhibition of calpain did not have any effect on the caspase-8 activation in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Conclusion : We conclude that olibanum induces the accumulation of calcium and the resultant apoptosis in which caspase-8 and calpain are involved.

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the effect of Kamijoaguiem(JGE) on the bone mass and its related factors. Methods : We used ovariectomized rat as an estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporosis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 7th day after operating ovariectomy, rats were administered with JGE per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of JGE. Results : Bone density, bone ash density, bone calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was decreased in osteoporotic rats. JGE improved the decreased bone density, bone ash density and the decreased bone magnesium, but JGE didn't improve the decreased bone calcium and phosphorus in osteoporotic rats. Osteocalcin in serum and hydroxy-proline excretion in urine were increased in osteoporotic rats. Their levels were decreased when JGE was administered. ALP activity in serum was increased in osteoporotic rats. JGE didn't induce any significant changes. JGE showed significant increase in serum calcium level, total protein level, albumin level, BUN level, serum LDH activity. JGE didn't show significant increase in serum T-cholesterol density, triglyceride density, HDL-cholesterol density. JGE didn't show significant increase in RBC number, hemoglobin level, platelet number, hematocrit level. JGE showed inhibitory effect on the degradation of bone-matrix in osteoporotic rats, in histological examination to Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Conclusion : JGE might improve bone density due to inhibition of bone resolution in osteoporotic rats. It suggest that JGE may be useful prescription in osteoporosis.

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Astringent medicinals against vaginal microbe. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbe. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And Astringent medicinals (Rubi Fructus, Tritici Immatri Semen, Corni Fructus, Nelumbinis Semen, Mume Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, Galla Rhois, Myristicae Semen, Terminariae Fructus, Rosae laevigatae Fructus, Ephedrae Radix) were used in this study. Antimicrobial activities were tested by optical density and colony test in vitro. And then wee valuated the antimicrobial effects in comparison with optical density and colony test. Results : The optical density and colony test showed that Terminariae Fructus and Galla Rhois among Astringent medicinals had the antimicrobial effects. Teminariae Fructus had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis of vaginitis-induced microbe. Galla Rhois had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Staphylococus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis of vaginitis-induced microbe. Conclusion : According to these results, we can suggest that Terminariae Fructus and Galla Rhois among Astringent medicinals be available to the antimicrobial agent of vaginitis-induced microbe in vitro.

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Sobokchukeo- Tang(SCT) on the experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Materials and Methods : Endometriosis was induced via the surgical autotransplantation technique in rats. A laparotomy was performed and a $4\;{\times}\;4\;mm$ of the right uterine horn was resected incised and sutured to the peritoneum. And the animals divided into control(n=8) and SCT-treated group(n=8). SCT(1,000 mg/head) was administered orally for 15 days after operation. The weights(body, left uterus, and ovaries) and concentrations of cytokines(MCP-1,$TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-l{\beta}$) were measured. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2, and histochemistry for mast cells of the transplanted uterine tissues were performed. Results : - The $volume(mm^3)$ of transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(92.88{\pm}41.89)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group $(404.50{\pm}317.68)$. The concentration(pg/ml) of MCP-1 in ascites of SCT-treated group$(5,256{\pm}1,209)$ was significantly(p<<0.001) decreased than the control group$(8,632{\pm}1,245)$. - The concentration(pg/ml) of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in ascites of SCT-treated group$(521.8{\pm}306.1)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group$(1,245.2{\pm}362.2)$. - The percentage of COX-2 positive epithelial layer in transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(25.0{\pm}7.3)$ was significantly(p<<0.001) decreased than the control group$(50.2{\pm}8.2)$. - The number of mast cells in the stroma of transplanted uterine tissues of SCT-treated group$(16.5{\pm}6.8)$ was significantly(p<<0.05) decreased than the control group$(26.0{\pm}7.7)$. - The number of mast cells in the periphery of transplanted uterine tissues of control group$(71.3{\pm}18.5)$ was significantly(p<<0.01) decreased than the control group$(109.3{\pm}30.2)$. - Proliferation of epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and microanglogenesis in transplanted uterine tissues of treated group were weakly observed than the control group. Conclusion : From the above results, Sobokchukeo-Tang(SCT) has an inhibitory effect on the development of transplanted uterine tissue in rats and it is related to the decreased concentration of MCP-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, and decreased expression of COX-2, and decreased infiltration of mast cells by administration of Sobokchukeo-Tang.

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gamigwichulpajing-Tang(GGT) on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Materials and Methods : Endometriosis was induced in rats by auotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and devided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8), (3)surgically induced endometriosis and GGT treated group. GGT(700mg/head) was orally administrated for 15days after operation. Then we measured the body weight, the volumes of endometriotic implants, the weight of uterus and ovary, and investigated the content of cytokines(MCP-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-l{\beta}$) in serum and ascites. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were performed. Results :- The $volume(mm^3)$ of endometriotic implants in GGT-treated group$(53.50\;{\pm}18.63)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.01) compared with control group$(404.50{\pm}317.68)$. - The content(pg/ml) of MCP-1 in ascites in GGT-treated group$(4265{\pm}108)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.001) compared with control group$(8632{\pm}1245)$. - The content(pg/ml) of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in serum in GGT-treated group$(64.5{\pm}21.6)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.05) compared with control group$(147.1{\pm}78.2)$. - The content(pg/ml)- of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in ascites in GGT-treated group$(738.3{\pm}502.4)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.05) compared with control group$(1245.2{\pm}362.2)$. - The percentage(%) of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in GGT-treated group$(22.9{\pm}9.3)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.001) compared with control group$(50.2{\pm}8.2)$. - The number of mast cells in adjacent tissue of transplanted uterine tissue in GGT-treated group$(61.4{\pm}13.9)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.001) compared with control group$(109.3{\pm}30.2)$. - The number of mast cells in stroma of transplanted uterine tissue in GGT-treated group$(9.4{\pm}2.7)$ was significantly decreased(p<<0.001) compared with control group$(26.0{\pm}7.7)$. - Histopathologically, proliferation of endomeuiotic epithelia and stroma, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in transplanted uterine tissue of GGT-treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. Conclusion :On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gamigwichulpajing-Tang have inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased Production of MCP-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, decreased expression of COX-2, and decreased infiltration of mast cells by administration of Gamigwichulpajing-Tang.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the direct inhibitory effect of Hyulbuchukeotang on the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells through an experiment treating uterine leiomyoma cells cultivated by explantation with indicated concentrations of Hyulbuchukeotang and to research the gene expression related to cell cycle ill order to discover the connection with apoptosis and its mechanism by analyzing cell cycle. Methods : After primary culture of uterine leiomyoma cells, the cultivated uterine leiomyoma cells were treated with indicated concentrations of Hyulbuchukeotang for 24 hours. The inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation was determined by the cell count assay. The value of a cell count assay represent the percentage of cells in a phase of the cell cycle compared with total cells. In addition, a link between Hyulbuchukeotang and apoptosis was examined through flow cytometric analysis by FACS and DNA fragmentation analysis. Finally, the degree of gene expression related to cell cycle was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results : The inhibitory effect of Hyulbuchukeotang increase of uterine leiomyoma cells treated with indicated concentrations of Hyulbuchkeotang increases. The result of gene expression related to G1 phase after treating with 100, 250, 500, 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of Hyulbuchukeotang. on uterine leiomyoma cells is that the gene expression of p27 was increased but that of p53 an p21 remained unchanged and the gene of pRB, pro-caspase 3 was decreased. Conclusion Through the mentioned experiments, it is demonstrated that Hyulbuchkeotang is effective in inhibiting Proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells by extending cell cycle G1. However it is not considered that the inhibitory effect results from the aptoposis.

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Sparganii Rhizoma on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : This study was evaluated the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Sparganii Rhizoma and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results :1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Sparganii Rhizoma was increased in a dose dependent manner. 2) As the result of FACS analysis, subG1 phase incrase was observed 23.49% inuterine leiomyoma cell treated with Sparganii Rhizoma at $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ compared to control.. 3) The gene expression of p53, p21 related cell apoptosis was increased according to increasing concentration but p27 was none exchanged. 4) The expression of cyclin A, D and E was decreased in a concentration proportional and then the dephosphorylation of pRb was increased. 5) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed according to increasing concentration. 6) The expression of pro-caspase3 were decreased dependent on treatment concentration and activated PARP took place. Conclusion : The inhibitory effect of Sparganii Rhizoma on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells was observed with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These data suggest that Sparganii Rhizoma might be candidate of medical therapy for uterine leiomyoma.

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Corydalis Tuber on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of suvival cells treated with indicated concentration of Corydalis Tuber and investigated cell viability by MTS assay. Furthermore, flow cytometric analyis were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis related with cell cycle and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Corydalis Tuber was increased in a concentration and time proportional. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis, subG1 phase arrest related cell apoptosis was not investigated in uterine leiomyoma cell treated Corydalis Tuber but showed G2/M phase prolongation. 3) The gene expression of p27, p21 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing concentration, but p53 was not exchanged. 4) The dephosphorylation of pRb gene were increased dependent on treatment concentration and pro-caspase 3, CDK4 were not exchanged. Conclusion : This study showed that Corydalis Tuber have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell but the effect was thoughted no relationship with apoptosis. The inhibitory effect was suggested that dephosphorylation of pRb gene induced with increasing p21, p27 prolonged cell division in G2/M phase.

Background : Medical records are documents in files which consist of all diagnostic studies and medical treatments patients had received while they were hospitalized or treated as outpatients. A doctor or medical team can use medical records as a data for diagnosis, treatment, and education. In traditional eastern asian medicine, medical reports have different forms and contents. The most important thing in medical reports of traditional eastern asian medicine was how to express practitioner's medical ideas. So it has a weak point, for example, it has poor information about patient and clinical process, which make some trouble to understand it. Methods and Results : We studied medical records in Gyojubuin-yangbang, a commentary book of Chen-zi-ming's Obstetrics and Gynecology textbook done by Xue-ji in Ming dynasty, China. This book consists of 10 parts; treatment of menstruation disorders and leukorrhea, general gynecology, treatment of infertility, education for fetus, diagnosis of fetus and gravida, treatment of general and obstetrical disease in gravida, care for delivery, postpartum care and treatment, and treatment of mass and inflammation. It has 546 medical records about women's disease that commonly believed as Xue-ji's case reports. They are all review articles and made during about 23 years from A.D 1523 to 1546. Most patients of Xue-ji's case reports were common people, this fact is different from that of case reports in Chen-zi-ming's Obstetrics and Gynecology textbook. Conclusion : Xue-ji was a very famous Ob&Gy doctor who was from Suzhou Jingsu province in China. He was born in A.D 1468, died in A.D 1588. He emphasize emotional factors in pathology and to tonify spleen and kidney. We think Xue-ji's medical records are good references for us to treat psychosomatic Ob&Gy disease and chronic women's disease.

Purpose : The objective of this study is to serve guidelines for the investigation and management of uterine myomas with KM therapies. Methods : English-language articles from PubMed and Korean-language articles from the database of the journal of oriental gynecology were reviewed from 2000 to 2005, using the key words 'uterine myoma', 'uterine leiomyoma', 'fibroid', 'uterine artery embolization', 'endometrial ablation', 'myomectomy', and jagungguenjong(子宮筋腫)'. Results and Limits : The areas of clinical practices considered in formulating this guideline are assessment, KM therapies, medical treatments, myolysis, selective artery occlusion, endometrial ablation and surgical therapies including myomectomy and hysterectomy. Implementation of this guideline would optimize the decision-making process of women with uterine myomas and further investigation or therapy of their KM doctors. But we don't have abundant evidences of clinical trials of uterine myoma treated with KM therapy, though we treat or manage that with every-day clinical practices. Moreover cultural gaps between Korea and other western countries make many differences in the attitude to surgical therapies, especially hysterectomy. So it is very difficult to compare W therapies with other therapies. Moreover it is much difficult to estimate cost-effectiveness and benefit of those therapies in QOL. Conclusions : The majority of uterine myoma is asymptomatic and will not require any intervention or further investigation. But unmarried women who wish to marry and get pregnant want to find safe therapy for their asymptomatic uterine myomas. In that case, most of the patients prefer non-surgical therapy to surgical therapy. So KM herbal medicinal therapy is a good alternative method for those patients. For the symptomatic myomas, hysterectomy offers a definitive solution. However, it is not the best solution for women who wish to preserve their uterus. So KM therapy is a good alternative for them. But the predicted benefits of alternative therapies including KM therapy must be carefully weighed against the Possible risks of these therapies. To improve the quality of life of both women with asymptomatic and symptomatic myomas, selecting and treating patients should be done carefully. Moreover, the effect of KM therapy has to evaluated, comparing the possible situation without treatment and the benefit of constant treatment as a health-care system.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to show the effect of acupuncture, moxibustion and magnetic innervation therapy for urinary incontinence symptoms. Methods : Ten female patients suffering from urinary incontinence had been given the treatments of acupuncture, moxibustion and magnetic innervation therapy for more than 8 times. Before and after treatment, they accomplished questionnaire for quality life survey and checked vaginal pressure measurement with perionometer. Results : The results were as follows 1) The mean${\pm}SD$ of Questionnaire score was significantly decreased from $35.40{\pm}11.88$ to $21.20{\pm}7.66$ after treatment(P<&0.047). 2) The mean${\pm}SD$ of maximum vaginal presssure was significantly increased from $48.80{\pm}25.35mmHg$ to $62.20{\pm}25.09mmHg$(p<&0.040). 3) The mean${\pm}SD$ of average vaginal presssure was significantly increased from $33.50{\pm}19.62mmHg$ to$43.10{\pm}16.49mmHg$(p<&0.015). Conclusion : Our results suggested that acupuncture, moxibustion and magnetic innervation therapy is effective for urinary incontinence symptoms.

Purpose : Although the breast milk is the very important physiological function to women, there is no previous study on the breast milk volume of women according to Sasang Constitution. this study was to analyze the difference of breast milk volume pattern according to Sasang Constitution. Methods : This study investigated 109 breast feeding women who were treated by Spostpartum care center from March 2005 to November 2005. The result of survey was collected from the questionnaires that included postpartum pattern and QSCC H .Results : The results of Sasang Constitution analysis showed that 53 women in childbirth of 109 were classified into Soeumin(48.6%), 27 as Taeumin(24.8% ) and 29 as Soyangin(26.6% ). Mean milk volume according to the Sasang Constitution showed statistically no difference between Soeumin and Taeumin, but mean milk volume according to the Sasang Constitution showed statistically the significant difference between Soyangin and Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin. Conclusion These results suggest that milk volume of Soyangin is much larger than that of Soeumin and Taeumin.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to postpartum depression Methods : We treated the patient who had postpartum depression and visited Joong-hwa oriental hospital. The patient in this case, 36-years-old female, was admitted for 15days(161th/May/2005-30th/May/2005) due to postpartum depression which was measured by EPDS(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and BDI(Beck's depression Inventory). The symptoms of patient are insomnia, anxiety, palpitation, chest discomfort and depression. This patient was treated with Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture at CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan), CV6(Kihae, Qihai), B23(Shinsu, shenshu), GVl5(Amun, Yamen), herb medication, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, moxa treatment, and so forth. Results : As a result, symptoms are remarkably alleviated. Conclusions : Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture is expected to have an effect on postpartum depression. After this, further approach and study on postpartum depression might be needed.

Inflammatory conditions of the breast are uncommon and may be encountered in the puerperal and nonpuerperal setting. Nonpuerperal mastitis is less common and usually presents with inflammation and chronic abscess formation in the periareolar and peripheral region. These abscess have a high rate of recurrence and are often associated with an underlying disease state, such as diabetes, steroid treatment, trauma or other kinds of a deficient immune system. The diagnosis is suggested by the history of sudden onset and the presense of swelling, tenderness, heat, erythema, and in the case of abscess, fluctuation. Ultrasound can also be useful. Treatment consists of antibiotic administration or incision and drainage of the abscess and, in cases of retroareolar abscess, resection of entire underlying duct system. Recently, we have gotten good result from treating two cases of nonpuerperal mastitis and breast abscess which had treatment of antibiotics and drainage three times but recurred. After taking gamijipaesan(加味芷貝散) and acupuncture treatment, they have recovered and haven't recurred in 8 months. So it proves that herb medication and acupuncture are effective on nonpuerperal chronic mastitis and breast abscess.