Fig. 1. Piezoelectric ring transducer: 31-mode ring, 33-mode ring, inactive segmented 33-mode ring.
Fig. 3. Finite element model of FFR transducer: (a) inactive seg, 33-mode ring with 3D model, (b) equivalent 31-mode ring with 2D axisymmetric model.
Fig. 4. Impedance comparison between 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: ring in air.
Fig. 5. Impedance comparison between inactive segmented 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: ring in air.
Fig. 6. TVR(a) and impedance(b) comparison between 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: air backed ring in water.
Fig. 7. TVR(a) and impedance(b) comparison between inactive segmented 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: air backed ring in water.
Fig. 8. TVR(a) and impedance(b) comparison between 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: free flooded ring transducer.
Fig. 9. TVR(a) and impedance(b) comparison between inactive segmented 33-mode and equivalent 31-mode ring: free flooded ring transducer.
Fig. 10. Difference between 3-dimensional model and lumped parameter model.
Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of ring transducers: (a) unloaded ring in air, (b) loaded ring with air backing, (c) FFR transducer.[1,3,7]
Table 1. Lumped parameters of each ring transducer.[1,3,8]
Table 2. Effective material properties of 31-mode ring.
Table 3. 33-mode ring design parameters and effective material properties of its equivalent 31-mode ring.[1]
References
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- G. W. McMahon, "Performance of open ferroelectric ceramic cylinders in underwater transducers," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 528-533 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1918994