• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2001

We recently demonstrated that bee venom (BV) injection into acupoint (i.e. Zusanli) produced more potent anti-inflammatory and antinociciptive effect in Freunds adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model as compared with that of non-acupoint injection(i.e back). However, the precise components underlying BV-induced antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effects have not been fully understood. Therefore, we further investigated the anti-arthritic effect of BV after extracting the whole BV according to solubility (water soluble: BVA, ethylacetate soluble: BVE). Subcutaneous BVA treatment (0.9 mg/kg/day) into Zusanli acupoint was found to dramatically inhibit paw edema and radiological change (i.e. new bone proliferation and soft tissue swelling) caused by Freunds adjuvant injection. In addition, the increase of serum interleukin-6 by RA induction was normalized by the BVA treatment as similar with that of non-arthritic animals. On the other hand, BVA therapy significantly reduced arthritis induced nociceptive behaviors (i.e., nociceptive score for mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia). Furthermore, BVA treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant induced Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord at 3 weeks post-adjuvant injection. However, BVE treatment (0.05 mg/kg/day) has not any anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect on RA. Based on the present results, we demonstrated that BVA might be a effective fraction in whole BV for long-term treatment of RA-induced pain and inflammation. However, it is clear necessary that further fraction study about BVA was required for elucidating an effective component of BVA.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

From the study of acupuncture and external diseases on mammary diseases, the following conclusions are obtained. 1. Point Shanzhong, Shaoze and Rugen are often used for galactostasis in acupuncture. 2. Often used vessels for galactostasis in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Liver Meridian and Large Intestine Meridian in order. 3. The direct stimulations are used in external treatment for galactostasis, often accompanied by internal medical treatment, to promote the circulation of Qi and Blood. 4. Point Zuimup, Guangming of Gall bladder Meridian and Zusanli of Stomach Meridian is used for lactation pain in acupuncture. 5. Point Jianjing, Zusanli and Shanzhong are most often used for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture. 6. Often used vessels for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Gall bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Pericardium Meridian in order. 7. The external treatment used for acuremastitis and breast cancer can be classed into its pathological period. When lactation is interrupted, Kumhwang Powder, Okro Powder, Robongbang, Allii Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, garlic moxibustion and Arusaenatus Rgizoma powder are used. When pus is piled up, Chunghwa Extracts, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Leonuri Herba, Typa Latifolia, Taraxacum platycarpum, Phaseolus angularis, Manchong, Crvi Cornus latex, and Aucklandiae Radix are used. When pus flows down, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Extract, nine-one pellet, Yongboo extract, eight-dampness extract, Tissue-regeneration Powder, Toad-net treatment, Kitten-hair, Hongseung pellet are used. 8. Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Gall Bladder Meridian, Bladder Meridian are most often used vessels for mammary diseases. From the conclusions above, It appears that the medical effect could be maximized by further studying and developing of the acupuncture and external treatment for mammary diseases according to the its nature, while accompanying internal medicine appropriately at the same time.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2014

Objectives : To observe the regenerative effects of indirect moxibustion, a traditional Korean medical treatment on skeletal muscles using mouse model of skeletal muscle adiposity. Methods : Twenty seven ICR male mice were randomly assigned into Intact control(n=3), glycerol treatment together without moxibustion(n=12), and glycerol treatment together with moxibustion (n=12) groups. Mice of glycerol treatment groups were injected with 50 ${\mu}l$ DW(distilled water) containing 50 % of glycerol into the two tibialis anterior. After injection, moxibustion was applied at 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) acupoints three times per each session, every days for twelve days(total 12 treatments). Phospho-Erk1/2, Myostatin protein levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluo-rescence staining techniques for tissues of the tibialis anterior muscle. Smad, phospho-Smad were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Results : 1. Histological analysis of sections from injected TA muscles showed that glycerol induced rapidly muscle necrosis, with a maximum at day 3. 6 days and 9 days after injection, muscle was regenerating. 2. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Erk1/2 protein signals in glycerol treatment with moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment without moxibustion group. 3. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, myostatin protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 4. According to immunofluorescence staining, Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 5. According to immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. Conclusions : These results confirm that indirect moxibustion of 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) influences muscle regeneration in mouse models of skeletal muscle adiposity. Further discussion, and the establishment of moxibustion mechanism will prompt clinical application of moxibustion.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to determine effect of Zusan1i(ST36) acupuncture (AP) on the small intestinal motility in the rabbit. Changes in the motility in vivo of ileum was measured before and 20 min. after AP. In order to examine whether AP effect was affected by autonomic nerves, norepinephrine or acetylcholine was applicated. AP significantly increased the mean wave amplitude and motor index, but not the mean wave duration and motor activity. Infusion of norepinephrine ($2{\mu}m$) into an ear vein resulted in a decrease in the mean wave amplitude and motor index, which was not affected by AP. Acetylcholine ($10{\mu}m$) produced inhibition followed by stimulation of motility. The stimulation of motility was induced by an increase in the mean wave amplitude and motor index, but not the mean wave duration and motor activity. The effect of acetylcholine was not significantly different between before and after AP. These results suggest that Zusan1i(ST36) acupuncture stimulates the small intestinal motility, which is not mediated by autonomic nerves. Therefore, Zusan1i(ST36) acupuncture seems to be applicable to impaired small intestinal movement.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 1991

Hypertension is not the name of disease but that of syndrome, about which the record of causes and treatments did not exist in the classics. So I surveyed the oriental medical category of hypertension in the classics and studied on the causes and principal acupuncture points of treatment in the modern literature. And a result, I came to the following conclusion. 1. According to the category of hypertension in oriental medicine way, WIND(風), FIRE(火), PHLEGM(痰) were the evoked causes of hypertension. And the greater oart of hypertension's line in the classics was related to DIZZINESS(眩暈), APOPLEXY(中風), WIND OF THE LIVER(肝風). 2. There were exceedingly various causes such as inheritance, mind, emotion, change of nerve, other disease, etc. 3. In the treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, there were Zusanli(足三里), Quchi(曲池), Fengchi(風池), Baihui(自會), Hegu(合谷), Sanyinjiao(三陰交), Taichong(太衝) which, 7 acupuncture points, showed high ratio. 4. According to the evoked causes, the major acupuncture points became to be different as follow; FIRE(火) : Neiguan(內關 ; P6) WIND(風) : Fengchi (風池 ; G20), Yanglingquan (陽陵泉 ; G34), Taichong(太衝 ; Liv3) PHLEGM(痰) : Zusanli(足三里 ; S36); Sanyinjiao(三陰交 ; Sp6). Basing on the Literature research, I have studied hypertension. I found that there were objective studies on the causes. But I couldn't find any objective study on the category of hypertension in oriental medicine way and the treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. So I think that more profound study on the category and the interrelation between the acupuncture points of treatment and its dis tribution of the 14 meridians deserves to be continued from now on.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.924-928
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of Zusanli(ST 36) electro-acupuncture(EA) on the small intestinal motility in rat. The motor activity of the rat small intestine was evaluated by intestinal transfortation rate. Changes in the motility in vivo of ileum was measured before and 10 minutes after acupuncture. In order to examine whether EA effect was affected by stimulated duration and left or right sides of ST36 acupoint, both of the difference effects of left or right sides on acupoints of ST 36 and the stimulated duration of 10, 20, 30 min. were investigated on the motility in vivo of ileum. These results suggest that effect of Zusanli(ST36) for increasing the small intestinal motility should stimulate more than 20 minutes, left ST36 EA has stronger effect than right ST36 EA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.123-134
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• 2006

Objectives : To research the study related to acnes with acupuncture In literature, and to establish the hereafter direction of treating acnes with acupuncture. Methods : We searched oriental medical literature, PubMed, NDSL and 1055 related to acne and acupuncture. Results : 1 Among the meridians, the Large Intestine Meridian, the Stomach Meridian, the Bladder Meridian and the Spleen Meridian were commonly used. 2. Among acupuncture point, Zusanli(ST36), Quchi(LI11) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) were mostly used. 3. The methods are focused on expelling wind-damp, heat-clearing, blood-harmony, transport function of stomach and spleen. 4. Auricular acupressure were used on Naebunbijeom, Pijihajeom, Pejeom and Shinmun.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a case of nine-year-old female pediatric patient who had diagnosed as mesenteric lymphadenitis with abdominal pain. Methods : The patient was treated by acupunture (acupoint: Hegu(LI4), Zusanli(S36), Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu (S25)), indirect moxibustion and herb medicine (Koakhyangjeonggisan-kamibang, Jakyakgamchotang Ex) for one week. We observed clinical progress. Result and conclusions : After oriental medical treatment, symptoms of mesenteric lymphadenitis (day and night abdominal pain, diarrhea) were improved. This study showed that oriental medicine can be a meaningful treatment for mesenteric lymphadenitis. For more accurate studies, further treatment cases would be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2009

To clarify the distinction between three difference acupoints, the effects of acupuncture on a behavioral performance were evaluated following formalin test. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Each rat received a manual acupuncture at ST36 (zusanli), SP9 (yinlingquan) or BL60 (kunlun) acupoint before formalin injection. The flinching and licking responses were counted by two blinder investigators. The pretreatment of BL60 acupoint was showed significantly inhibition in flinch behavior as compared with control group. These results suggest that acupuncture at BL60 acupuncture may be effective in relieving inflammatory pain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.499-502
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• 2007

The study was performed to assess the antinociceptive efficacy of Korean bee venom(BV) in the rat formalin test. Korean BV was collected using BV collector devices in which an electrical impulse is used to stimulate the worker bee(Apis mellifera L.) to sting and release venom. After collection, whole Korean BV was evaporated until dry using BV collector. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats(weighing 260-270, 6 weeks old). Rats divided into 4 groups, each comprising 8 rats. BV was diluted and amounts of 6 mg/kg body weight(BW), 0.6 mg/kg BW and 0.06 mg/kg BW were tested. BV was subcutaneously injected to produce an antinociceptive effect and the antinociceptive efficacy was evaluated using a rat formalin test. BV was subcutaneously injected into an acupoint(Zusanli, ST36) at 15 min prior to 1% formalin($50{\mu}l$) injection. The antinociceptive effect observed during 60 min following formalin administration. BV produced antinociceptive efficacy from 10 to 60 min after formalin injection. The antinociceptive efficacy of Korean BV showed a dose-dependent response. These results suggest that Korean BV may be a suitable and preferred choice for antinociceptive efficacy in pain management.