• Title/Summary/Keyword: zooplankton community

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Zooplankton Fauna of Lake Sochonji and Chonji on the Top of Mt. Paektu (백두산 천지 및 소천지의 동물플랑크톤)

  • 유형빈
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.21 no.5_2
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    • pp.565-573
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    • 1998
  • In order to clarify the species composition of freshwater zooplankton community inhabiting Lake Sochonji and chonji on the top of Mt. Paektu, the present study have been carried out based on the materials collected during the periods from 24 to 25 July, 1997. As a result of examing the specimens, from the Lake Chonji, a total of 10 species (Keratella cochlearis cochlearis, K. quadrata quadrata, K. valga valga, Notholca squmula squmula, Colurella adriatica adriatica, Lepadella patella patella, Lecane hua luna, L. (Monostyla) bulla bulla, Cephalodella gibba gibba, philodina roseola) appeared rotifers only. >From the lake Sochonji, a total of 7 species were identified. It consists of 3 species (Keratella valga valga, Cephalodella gibba gibba, Asplanchna (Asplanchnella) brightwelli) of rotifers, 2 species (Daphnia hyalina, Alona quadrangularis) of cladocerans, and 2 species (Acanthodiaptomus pacificus, Bryocamptus zschokkei caucassicus) of copepods, respectively. Also, appeared nauplius of copepoda.

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Similarity of Zooplankton Community Structure among Reservoirs in Yeongsan-Seomjin River Basin (영산강, 섬진강 수계 내 주요 저수지에 대한 동물플랑크톤 군집 구조의 유사성 분석)

  • Ko, Eui-Jeong;Kim, Gu-Yeon;Joo, Gea-Jae;Kim, Hyun-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2019
  • Our study was based on the long-term surveys with respect to the major reservoirs located in the Yeongsan and Seomjin river basins. A total of 45 survey sites have been surveyed four times a year from 2008 to 2017. We identified 166 zooplankton species, including 127 rotifers, 26 cladocerans, and 13 copepods. Mean population density and species number of small reservoirs were higher than those of mid and large reservoirs. Considering outliers exceeding the 90th percentile between species occupancy and mean abundance, 10 of 11 habitat generalists were rotifers, and Bosmina longirostris was the only cladoceran. Habitat specialist consisted of three species of rotifers and emerged from one to three survey sites. According to the modularity results, it was found that the survey sites covering the entire river basins were characterized into five groups, which was similar to the classification by maximum water surface areas(MWSA). The result of the eigenvector centrality showed that the size of MWSA had a greater impact on the similarity of zooplankton community structure between reservoirs than the difference in distance between reservoirs. In the case of survey points in near dam or estuary bank of Juam and Youngsan reservoirs, modularity class were separated from other internal survey points of those. Given that the zooplankton interactions may contribute to freshwater functions more than species diversity. These topological features provide new insight into studying zooplankton distribution patterns, their organization and impacts on freshwater-associated function.

The effect of phosphorus removal from sewage on the plankton community in a hypertrophic reservoir

  • Jung, Sungmin;Kim, Kiyong;Lee, Yunkyoung;Lee, Jaeyong;Cheong, Yukyong;Reza, Arif;Kim, Jaiku;Owen, Jeffrey S.;Kim, Bomchul
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2016
  • Background: When developing water quality improvement strategies for eutrophic lakes, questions may arise about the relative importance of point sources and nonpoint sources of phosphorus. For example, there is some skepticism regarding the effectiveness of partial reductions in phosphorus loading; because phosphorus concentrations are too high in hypertrophic lakes, in-lake phosphorus concentrations might still remain within typical range for eutrophic lakes even after the reduction of phosphorus loading. For this study, water quality and the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were monitored in a hypertrophic reservoir (Lake Wangsong) before and after the reduction of phosphorus loading from a point source (a sewage treatment plant) by the installation of a chemical phosphorus-removal process. Results: Before phosphorus removal, Lake Wangsong was classified as hypertrophic with a median phosphorus concentration of $0.232mg\;L^{-1}$ and a median chlorophyll-a concentration of $112mg\;L^{-1}$. The dominant phytoplankton were filamentous cyanobacteria for the most of the ice-free season. Following the installation of the advanced treatment process, phosphorus concentrations were reduced to $81mg\;L^{-1}$, and the N/P atomic ratio increased from 42 to 102. Chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased to $42{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and the duration of cyanobacterial dominance was confined to the summer season. Cyanobacteria in spring and autumn were replaced by diatoms and cryptomonads. Filamentous cyanobacteria in summer were replaced by colony-forming unicellular Microcystis spp. It was remarkable that zooplankton biomass increased despite the decrease in phytoplankton biomass, and especially cladoceran zooplankton which increased drastically. These responses to the reduction of point source P loading to Lake Wangsong imply that reducing the point source P loading can have a big impact even when nonpoint sources account for a large fraction of the total annual phosphorus loading. Conclusions: Our results also show that the phytoplankton community can shift to decreased cyanobacterial dominance and the zooplankton community can shift to higher cladoceran dominance, even when phosphorus concentrations remain within the typical range for eutrophic lakes following the reduction of phosphorus loading.

The Grazing Rates and Community Dynamics of Zooplankton in the Continuous River Stretch Ecosystem Include with Brackish Zone (기수 지역을 포함한 연속적인 강 구획 생태계 내에서의 동물플랑크톤의 군집 동태와 섭식율)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.4 s.118
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    • pp.462-470
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    • 2006
  • The zooplankton community dynamics and grazing experiments was evaluated along a 40 km section of the lower Seomjin river system. Zooplankton was sampled twice a month from January 2005 to June 2006 at three sites (River mouth; RKO, Seomjin bridge: RK12 and Gurae bridge: RK36) in the main river channel. During the study period, the values of most limnological parameters in the three sites were fairly similar, except for conductivity. Annual variation of conductivity in River mouth and Seomjin bridge was more dramatic than which of the other site. There were statistically significant spatial and seasonal differences in zooplankton abundance (ANOVA, P<0.01). Total abundance of major zooplankton groups at both stations was much higher than in Gurae bridge. Among the macrozooplankton, cladocerans abundance was negligible in study sites during study periods. Community filtering rates (CFRs) for phytoplankton and bacteria varied from 0 to 50 mL $L^{-1}\;D^{-1}$ and from 0 to 45 mL $L^{-1}\;D^{-1}$, respectively. The spatial variation of CFRs for phytoplankton was significant (ANOVA, P<0.05). The CFRs of copepods for phytoplankton and bacteria was much higher than that of cladocerans at study sites. Total zooplankton filtering rates on bacteria were slightly lower than filtering rates on phytoplankton. The CFRs of microzooplankton (MICZ) for bacteria were much higher than for macrozooplankton (MACZ) at all sites. Considering the total zooplankton community, MICZ generally were more important than MACZ as grazers of bacteria and phytoplankton in freshwater zone, while MACZ were more important than MICZ as grazers of phytoplankton in brackish zone.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Zooplankton Communities in Lake Paldang (팔당호 동물플랑크톤 군집의 시공간적 분포)

  • Sim, Youn-Bo;Jeong, Hyun-Gi;Im, Jong-Kwon;Youn, Seok-Jea;Byun, Myeong-Seop;Yoo, Soon-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.287-298
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    • 2018
  • The zooplankton community and environmental factor were investigated on a weekly basis from March to November 2015 in Lake Paldang, Korea. The seasonal succession of zooplankton community structure was influenced by hydraulic and hydrological factors such as inflow, outflow and rainfall. However, the hydraulic retention time in 2015 (16.3 day) was affected by the periods of water shortage that had continued since 2014 and increased substantially compared to 2013 (7.3 day). Therefore, the inflow and outflow discharge were decreased, and the water quality (COD, BOD, TOC, TP, Chl-a) of Lake Paldang (St.1) was the same characteristics as the river type Bukhan river (St.3), compared with the lake type Namhan river (St.2) and Gyeongan stream (St.4). Zooplankton community dominated by rotifers (Keratella cochlearis, Synchaeta oblonga) in spring (March to May). However, Copepod (Nauplius) and Cladoceran (Bosmina longirostris) dominated in St.4. In summer (June to August), there was a few strong rainfall event and the highest number of individuals dominated by Keratella cochlearis (Rotifera) and Difflugia corona (Protozoa) were shown during the study period. In autumn (October to November), the water temperature was decreased with decrease in the total number of individuals showing Nauplius (Copepoda) as the dominant species. As a result of the statistical analysis about zooplankton variation in environmental factors, the continuous periods of water shortage increased the hydraulic retention time and showed different characteristic for each site. St.1, St.3 and St.2, St.4 are shown in the same group (p<0.05), showing the each characteristics of river type and lake type. Therefore, the water quality of catchment area and distribution of zooplankton community would be attributed to hydraulic and hydrological factors.

Mesozooplankton Community in the Chuuk Lagoon of the Federated States of Micronesia (마이크로네시아 축 주의 석호환경 내 동물플랑크톤 군집: 종조성 및 개체수)

  • Kang, Jung-Hoon;Kim, Woong-Seo;Cho, Kyu-Hee
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.463-476
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    • 2005
  • Mesozooplankton samples were collected to investigate the spatial distribution in the Chuuk lagoon of the Federated States of Micronesia through three surveys from 2002 to 2004. Average temperature was $28.70^{\circ}C$ in August 2002, $30.17^{\circ}C$ in October 2003 and $29.18^{\circ}C$ in July 2004 at a water depth of 2rn. Average salinity was 33.95 psu in August 2002, 33.56 psu in October 2003 and 33.77 psu in July 2004. Total rnosozooplankton consisted of 70 taxa during the study period, among which copepods were the most diverse group. Foraminiferans, radiolarians, copepods and appendicularians, which comprised about 70% of total zooplankton abundance, were important components in the zooplankton community. Within the copepod group, Acartia spp., Centropages spp. and Undinula spp. were dominant in August 2002, Acartia spp., Centropages spp., and Oithona spp. in October 2003, and Acartia spp., Undinula spp., and Oithona spp. in July 2004. Total zooplankton abundance was high around Weno Island, while low in stations located in the northern part of Weno Island. High abundances of appendicularians were found in the southern part of weno Island as well as around Weno Island. Appendicularians foraminiferans, radiolarians, Sagitta spp. and immature copepods accounted for most of the distribution pattern of the mesozzoplankton community throughout the study area. These results suggest that appendicularians may be potential food items for fish larvae around Weno Island in the Chuuk lagoon states.

Environmental Factors Affecting Zooplankton Community in Gwangyang Bay (광양만 동물플랑크톤 군집 동태에 영향을 미치는 환경요인)

  • Lee, Eun Hye;Seo, Min Ho;Yoon, Yang-Ho;Choi, Sang-Duk;Soh, Ho Young
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.631-639
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    • 2017
  • The relationship between the environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentration, Noctiluca scintillans density, Diatoms and Dinoflagellates densities) and the zooplankton community was investigated. Zooplankton were seasonally collected at 11 stations of Gwangyang Bay from November 2015 to July 2016. A mean abundance ranged from 544 to $19,753indiv.\;m^{-3}$. The maximum abundance was observed to be $40,000indiv.\;m^{-3}$ in July and the minimum occurred in November with $412indiv.\;m^{-3}$. The zooplankton consisted of 35 taxa, which is dominated by Paracalanus parvus s. l., Corycaeus spp., Oithona spp., Acartia omorii, A. ohtsukai, Centropages abdominalis, unidentified harpacticoids. The result of the Redundancy Analysis (RDA) conducted between the zooplankton and the environmental factors showed that the spring-autumn, summer and winter are separated. The summer was closely related to temperature and diatom density, while the winter was linked to salinity and N. scintillans density (p<0.05).

The Effects of Nonylphenol on Freshwater Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Communities

  • Katano, Toshiya;Park, Chong-Sung;Baek, Seung-Ho;Han, Myung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.449-456
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    • 2008
  • Recent studies reveal that the endocrine disrupter nonylphenol can also influence the growth of planktonic organisms. To clarify the effect of nonylphenol on the whole planktonic community, we monitored planktonic abundances after addition of nonylphenol using small-scale microcosms in a laboratory. Nonylphenol was added at final concentrations of 1.25 and $2.5{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, close to the EC50 for the growth of the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. Chlorophyll $\alpha$ concentration increased significantly between 2 to 5 days after nonylphenol treatment compared to the control. The abundance of the predominant phytoplankton, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, followed the same pattern as chlorophyll a concentration. While there was no negative effect on the abundance of ciliates and rotifers, crustacean zooplankton abundance was higher in nonylphenol treatments. Although the relationship did not reach significance, the growth rate of rotifers tended to decline with increasing nonylphenol dosing. It is likely that the decreased rotifer grazing on S. hantzschii caused significant increase in their abundance. This study emphasizes the importance of considering indirect effects of environmental pollutants when predicting the response of biological community to toxicant exposure.

Zooplankton Grazing on Bacteria and Factors Affecting Bacterial C-flux in Lake Paldang Ecosystem (팔당호 생태계에서 동물플랑크톤의 박테리아 섭식 및 영향인자)

  • Uhm, Seong-Hwa;Hwang, Soon-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.4 s.118
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    • pp.424-434
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    • 2006
  • This study investigates bacteria-zooplankton grazing link and factors affecting their grazing relationship at trophically different two sites (Paldang Dam and Kyungan Stream) of Lake Paldang Ecosystem from April to December, 2005. Zooplankton were divided into two size groups; microzooplankton (MICZ) : 60-200 ${\mu}m$ and macrozooplankton (MACZ): >200 ${\mu}m$), and their grazing rates on bacteria were conducted for each size group separately. Bacterial abundance and seasonal change pattern were similar between two sites. MICZ, mostly rotifers (e.g., Brachionus, Keratella, Polyathra) were numerically dominant at both sites, while carbon biomass was highest in cladocerans. Zooplankton biomass was higher at the Kyungan Steam site compared to Paldang Dam site, and their high biomass during spring decreased as they were passing through the storm events in summer season at both sites. Zooplankton clearance rate (CR) was high in spring and autumn while low in summer at Paldang Dam site. However, zooplankton CR was high during the summer at Kyungan Stream site. Bacterial C-flux was high in spring and autumn when MACZ (esp. cladecerans) developed at a high biomass level at both sites. Overall, MACZ community CR and carbon flux (C-flux) were higher than those of MICZ, and the degree of difference between them was higher at Kyungan Stream site. Short hydraulic residence time and physical disturbance caused by summer storm event appeared to affect the zooplankton grazing on bacteria at both sites. The results of this study indicate that bacteria are potentially important carbon source of zooplankton, and that both biotic (e.g,, prey and predator taxa composition and abundance) and physical parameters appear to alter energy transfer in the planktonic food web of this river-reservoir hybrid system.

The Spatio-temporal Distribution of Zooplankton Communities in the Northern Yellow Sea During Autumn and Winter (가을-겨울철 황해 북부의 동물플랑크톤 시공분포 특성)

  • Lim, Dong-Hyun;Yoon, Won-Duk;Yang, Joon-Yong;Lee, Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 2009
  • The joint cruises of six times between Korea and China were carried out for a better understanding of the environmental and oceanographical characteristics of the Yellow Sea for 6 years from 1998 to 2003. Zooplankton samples were collected one time per year at 24 stations on 3 lines of the Yellow Sea. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton community in the Yellow Sea. There is no trend on the spatio-temporal distribution of zooplankton. Copepoda, the major taxon of the Yellow Sea, was high in distribution in the eastern part and Chaetognatha in the western part of the Yellow Sea. In this results, the dominant copepods were Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus s.l., Oithona atlantica, and Corycaeus affinis during the study periods. The density fluctuation of these dominant species may be an important factor in determining the fisheries resource of the Yellow Sea.

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