• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 오레가노를 초임계유체추출법과 열수추출법으로 추출하여 항균, 항산화 in vitro 실험을 수행하였다. 항균실험인 Disc diffusion method 결과, 초임계추출물에 대해서만 clear zone이 나타났다. S. aureus에 대한MIC는 초임계추출물에서만 관찰되었으며, 1000 ㎍/mL로 확인되었다. 열수추출물은 C. acnes에 대한 MIC가 125 ㎍/mL로 여드름균에 대한 항균력이 뛰어났다. 나아가 우리는 Biofilm inhibition assay를 통해 오레가노 초임계추출물이 125 ㎍/mL의 저농도에서도 S. aureus의 바이오필름을 70%이상 억제한다는 것을 발견하였다. DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS+ radical 소거능, SOD 유사활성능과 총 폴리페놀 함량 측정에서 열수추출물의 항산화력이 초임계추출물보다 우수하게 측정되었다. 나아가, 앞서 확인된 오레가노 초임계추출물의 S. aureus 바이오필름 억제능을 활용하여 아토피 피부에 적합한 소재를 개발하고자 하였다. 오레가노 초임계추출물의 낮은 용해도를 극복하고 안정성을 증가시키기 위하여 리포좀을 이용하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

Objective This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Coptidis rhizoma extract compared with quantity on Staphylococcus aureus that induce keratitis. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$　according to density Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) compared with quantity(40g, 80g, 160g). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity and density in 100% and 10% of all samples(40g, 80g, 160g). 2. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract(40g, 80g, 160g) was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity all samples($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$) in 100% density. 3. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract(40g, 80g, 160g) was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity all samples ($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$) in 100% density. Anti-bacterial potency of 80g Coptidis rhizoma extract decreased compared with 40g. Anti-bacterial potency of 160g Coptidis rhizoma extract decreased compared with 40g in $20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l$. Conclusions Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compare with quantity and density. In herbal drug, antibacterial potency compare with quantity and density must be studied.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 1992

6개 고추재배지의 근권 및 해안가 토양으로부터 고추 역병균(Phytophthora capsici)과 벼 도열병균(Magnaporthe grisea)에 길항효과가 있는 53개의 방선균을 분리하였다. 분리된 방선균 중에서 고추 역병균의 균사생장을 억제시켜 5 mm 이상 저지원을 형성하는 32균주를 선발하여 이들 균주의 균총형태, 색깔 등에 따라 20군으로 유별하였다. 이들 길항방선균의 고추 역병균에 대한 길항효과는 균주간에 매우 다양하여 V-8 juice agar에서 5.7-17.5, tryptic soy agar에서는 2.5-l7mm의 저지효과를 보였다. 몇가지 방선균의 길항효과는 두 배지에서 상당히 다르게 발현되었다. 길항균들은 비교적 넓은 항진균성 스펙트럼을 나타내었으나, 세균에 대해서는 Pseudomonas solanacearum을 제외하고는 항균작용이 거의 없었다. 길항방선균 배양여액의 butanol 추출액이 고추 역병균과 벼도열병균의 균사생장을 억제하는 것으로 보아서 이들 길항균이 항균물질을 생성함을 강하게 시사하고 있다. 몇가지 길항방선균의 배양여액은 고추 역병방제 효과가 뚜렷하였다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2014

To simplify the different biological investigation of the methanolic extract and solvent-solvent partitioning of Lablab purpures (L. purpures) bark. In-vitro anti-oxidant study was determined using total DPPH radical scavenging assay. In vitro antimicrobial study was measured by observing zone of inhibition. The cytotoxic activity was studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption method. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. The Aqueous soluble fraction revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=48.76{\mu}g/mL$). The antimicrobial screening of the bark of L. purpures exhibited mild to moderate activity in test microorganisms. The CSF showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Salmonella parathyphi (34.2%) for bacteria and C. albicans (28.8%) for fungi whereas, lowest relative percentage inhibition against Sarcina lutea (22.0%) for bacteria and Aspergillus niger (24.4%) for fungi. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, The $LC_{50}$ values of Carbon tetrachloride and N-Hexane soluble fraction were found $92.18{\mu}g/mL$, and $68.95{\mu}g/mL$ respectively while the $LC_{50}$ values of standard Vincristine sulphate was $1.37{\mu}g/mL$. The methanolic extract and its organic soluble fractions of Lablab purpureus at concentration 2.0 mg/mL, significantly protected the lysis of erythrocyte membrane induced by hypotonic solution and heat as compared to the standard, acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL). The MSF and AQSF produced 61.48 % and 53.75% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution respectively, whereas acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) showed 76.42%. Ethanol extract of L. purpures and all of its different partitions exhibited moderate thrombolytic activity of 37.25%-2.40%. Very good preliminary screening and simplified experiments were able to show the different biological activity of methanolic extract and its soluble fractions of L. purpures at a time.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 benzalkonium chloride 처리에 따라 바이오가스 생산이 억제되는 정도를 평가하였다. 바이오가스 생산 억제 수준은 10 ppm, 40 ppm, 80ppm의 benzalkonium chloride가 처리되었을 때 각각 10%, 30-40%, 70% 이상이었다. Benzalkonium chloride의 처리에 따라 저해되는 효소를 알아내기 위하여 효소 활성을 분석하였으며 산성/알칼리 포스파타아제, 프로테아제는 메탄 생산량과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제는 실험기간 동안 메탄 생성량과 상대적으로 낮은 음의 상관성을 보였으며(p<0.01, r=-426), 다른 효소와의 상관성도 상대적으로 낮았다. 메탄생성률(ml/day)은 benzalkonium chloride및 산성 포스파타아제와 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. Benzalkonium chloride가 대장균에 미치는 영향을 원판확산법을 통하여 분석하였다. Benzalkonium chloride의 농도가 높을수록 세균증식 억제대가 확장되었으며, 이를 통하여 benzalkonium chloride가 초산생성균의 증식을 억제함으로써 혐기소화조에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2018

This study investigated nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) accumulation due to FA (Free Ammonia: $NH_3$) inhibition in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic (AOA) process reactor to mainly treat wastewater containing 302-610 mg/L of $NH_3/NH_4{^+}-N$. Based on an experimental operation focusing on the nitrification, it was observed that $NO_2{^-}$ was accumulated in the aerobic nitrification zone as pH increased, due to inhibition of $NO_2{^-}$ conversion to $NO_3{^-}$ by FA. This result implied FA inhibition to NOB ($NO_2{^-}$-Oxidizing Bacteria) for converting $NO_2{^-}$ to $NO_3{^-}$. The objective of this study is to develop a feasible monitoring procedure for early detection of the FA inhibition toward $NO_2{^-}$ accumulation and poor nitrification. Thus, in order to rapidly assess FA concentrations, an $NH_3$ probe was utilized to measure $NH_3$ concentrations together with applying a simple model prediction using the measured $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations, the Henry's law constant of $NH_3$ and measured pH. The predictive model $NH_3$ levels were verified by a good correlation (89%) with the corresponding measured data, but the model prediction underestimated FA concentrations at less than 7.4 and a little overestimated at pH above 7.5. Interestingly, accumulated $NO_2{^-}$ levels were roughly correlated with FA levels that were observed at delayed time points. This reflects the detected FA levels can be good indicators of $NO_2{^-}$ levels with some delayed time. $NO_2{^-}$ accumulation started at measured FA concentrations of higher than approximately 3 mg/L and ceased below that FA level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2016

Objectives: Glass ionomer cements (GICs), which are biocompatible and adhesive to the tooth surface, are widely used nowadays for tooth restoration. They inhibit the demineralization and promote the remineralization of the tooth structure adjacent to the restoration, as well as interfere with bacterial growth. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess and compare the antimicrobial activity of three commercially available GICs against two cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: An agar plate diffusion test was used for evaluating the antimicrobial effect of three different GICs (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, and d-tech) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). Thirty plates were prepared and divided into two groups. The first group was inoculated with S. mutans, and the second group was inoculated with L. acidophilus. These plates were then incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition that formed around each well were recorded in millimeters (mm). Results: The zones of inhibition for Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, and d-tech on S. mutans were found to be $10.84{\pm}0.22mm$, $10.23{\pm}0.15mm$, and $15.65{\pm}0.31mm$, respectively, whereas those for L. acidophilus were found to be $10.43{\pm}0.12mm$, $10.16{\pm}0.11mm$, and $15.57{\pm}0.13mm$, respectively. Conclusions: D-tech cement performed better in terms of the zone of bacterial inhibition against the two test bacteria, than the other two tested glass ionomers.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2016

The antibacterial activities of thirty mushroom species belonging to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, cultivated on two liquid media, were evaluated against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by the disk diffusion method. All of the mushrooms, except Auriporia aurea, Fomes fomentarius, and Lyophyllum shimeji, showed different antibacterial activity levels—from 9.5 mm in diameter of the inhibition zone to full inhibition of growth of the test bacteria. The antibacterial activities of Crinipellis schevczenkovi, Hohenbuehelia myxotricha, Oxyporus obducens, and Spongipellis litschaueri were observed for the first time. The antibacterial potential of culture liquids of the investigated species was higher than that of their mycelia activity. Dependence of the intensity of antibacterial activity on the culture medium was shown. The antibacterial efficiency of the most active species (Lentinus edodes, Piptoporus betulinus, and Phellinus igniarius) was verified and compared with those of some commercial antibiotics and natural essential oils of Salvia and Eucalyptus. The culture liquid of Piptoporus betulinus, obtained after cultivation on glucose-peptone-yeast culture medium, is a potential substance for further creation of antibacterial products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.874-879
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• 2008

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, and hyperpigmentation disorders are associated with abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments, which can be reduced by treatment with depigmenting agents. The methanol extract of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya $M_{IQ}$ showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The active compound was purified from the methanol extract of L. cyrtobotrya, followed by several chromatographic methods, and identified as dalbergioidin (DBG) by spectroscopic methods. The results showed that DBG exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $20\;{\mu}M$. The kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that DBG acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, DBG showed a melanin biosynthesis inhibition zone in the culture plate of Streptomyces bikiniensis that has commonly been used as an indicator organism. Furthermore, $27\;{\mu}M$ DBG decreased more than 50% of melanin contents on the pigmentation using the immortalized mouse melanocyte, melan-a cell.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Objectives : Biological activities of marine resources have been rarely evaluated compared with other herbal medicines. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of five marine resources(Porphyra tenera, Laminariae Thallus, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Maliotidis Concha) against Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : Aqueous axtracts of five marine resources were prepared by decocting in tenfold tap water for 3 h. Etanolic extracts were obtained by extracting five marine resources with tenfold ethanol for 72 h at room temperature. The zone of growth inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against P. acnes after incubation for 48 h under anaerobic condition. Results : Ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera exhibited potent antimicrobial effects(MIC $62.5\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC3320, MIC $31.25\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC5527). However, all aqueous extracts tested had no effects on the growth inhibition of P. acnes. In addition, four ethanolic extracts except Porphyra tenera showed little inhibitory effect. Conclusions : These results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera has antimicrobial activities against P. acnes and also warrant further development of Porphyra tenera extracts as a natural anti-acne agent.