• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.369-386
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of coresident intergenerational relationships were associated with the life satisfaction of unmarried children in established adulthood and of their parents. In this study, the coresident relationship characteristics included support exchange, emotion, interference-conflict, and perceptions of coresidence. Data were collected from (a) 250 never-married adults who were 35+ years old and lived in Seoul with at least one parent aged 75 years or younger and (b) 250 older adults who were 75 years old or younger and had at least one unmarried child aged 35+ years living in the same household. Our multiple regression analysis of unmarried children showed that the adult child's financial support, the adult child's psychological reliance on parents, the parent's psychological reliance on the child, and relationship quality were significantly related to higher levels of life satisfaction. In contrast, the parent's daily interference, daily conflicts, and anticipation of future care of parents were related to lower levels of life satisfaction. Second, the characteristics that were positively associated with the parent's life satisfaction were the parent's instrumental support, relationship quality, the coresident child's daily interference, positive perceptions of intergenerational coresidence, and expectation of future care of parents. In contrast, the parent's financial support, daily conflicts with the child, and taking intergenerational coresidence for granted were negatively related to the parent's life satisfaction. This study advances our understanding of coresidence between unmarried children in established adulthood and their older parents by focusing on the multiple aspects of intergenerational coresidence.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

This study analyzed the substitute behavior of mothers of infants or elementary-school-aged children in terms of consumption. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area who show significant interest in their children. The interviews were analyzed based on the grounded theory. The findings of this study are as follows. First, mothers show substitute behavior for their children's appearance. The younger the children, the more substitute consumption exhibited by mothers. As children grow older and are able to choose what to wear, mothers show less substitute behavior tendencies regarding appearance management. Second, mothers tend to exhibit substitute behavior regarding their children's academic achievements. Mothers hope their children will be more successful than themselves were or will achieve the dreams that they failed to accomplish, which drives substitute behavior. Mothers affectionately provide children with financial support so they can obtain academic achievement and they hope their children will have successful occupations in the future. Third, mothers who are not satisfied with their appearance and have low self-esteem are more likely to exhibit substitute behavior with their children. This study will be helpful in understanding mothers' motivation and psychological factors regarding the support of their children.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aims to determine fostering stress and mental health state that mothers of handicapped children perceive as primary care givers and to analyze their demand for information assistance in order to release their stress so that it can provide materials that contribute to establishment of assistance system for families with handicapped children. Methods: The research subjects were 340 mothers whose children went to a nursery for special children, 3 general nurseries and 6 special schools in Daegu, and the data were collected using structures questionnaires. The survey analyzed mothers' fostering stress, their demand for fostering information assistance, children's daily activity abilities. Component concepts of each scale was validated by adopting confirmatory factor analysis, and factors affecting demand for fostering information assistance were analyzed by adopting covariance structural analysis. Results: Younger mothers tend to have higher demand for information, and mothers with younger children or children with double handicaps also have higher demand. Mothers under 30 have the lowest demand for public health and medical care assistance and for home and community life assistance, while mothers with children with physical handicaps have the highest. The validity of component concepts was verified by categorizing as cognitive structure models fostering stress, information demand, children's daily activity abilities, and their appropriateness was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling. And then, GFI (more than 0.9), CFI (more than 0.9), TLI (more than 0.9) and RMSAE (less than 0.08) were used to evaluate the appropriateness. It was found that all the component concepts are valid, as every item is within appropriate range. The result of analyzing information demand demonstrated that children's handicap levels significantly affect their mothers' mental health, while fostering stress significantly affect mothers' metal health, information demand. As well, it was confirmed that mothers' mental health has a significant effect on information demand. Conclusions: Therefore, to reduce special children's mothers' uncertainty, helplessness and fostering burden, it is necessary to provide them with information on children's challenges, development and fostering and to offer them quality public health, medical care and welfare assistance along with family and local community life assistance.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effective parental controls by age of child. The subjects participating in this study were 10, 12, 15, and 18-year-old school boys residing in Seoul. A total of 1,468 boys was used in the final analysis. Factor analysis and multiple regression of SPSS $PC^+$ were utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings of the analysis showed that the impact of various parental controls on antisocial behavior varied with developmental stages of the children. Younger boys were more susceptible to direct controls, while indirect controls proved more effective for older youngsters.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.5
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• pp.21-45
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• 1984

The cognition of Korean kinship names was examined in children in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 9th grades (N=188) of public school. The task consisted of 43 items which identified the relative relationships of cognates and cognates-in-law. It was found that the main effects of age and residential area on cognition scores were significant and the interaction effects between the variables were also significant. As expected, older children performed the task more precisely than the younger children and children in Seoul performed better than in outlying regions. Under 15 years of age, the scores in Seoul were higher than in Andong, but at the age of l5, this trend was reversed. The gap between residential areas under 15 years of age could be explained by differences in cognitive ability and test effects, but the gap at 15 by culture.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate relations between the congruence of parent-child beliefs and child's perceived competence. The subjects were 138 children (68 eight-year-olds and 70 eleven-year-olds) and their parents. Instruments were the modified Family Belief Interview Schedule (Alessandri & Wozniak, 1987), and Harter's Perceived Competence Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson's product moment correlation and two-way ANOVA. There were significant differences in child's perceived cognitive competence, social competence and physical competence by degree of congruence between child's belief and maternal belief. Younger children showed a higher level of general self-worth perception while older children showed a lower level. Children who showed a high congruence of beliefs with parents perceived their competence more highly than those with low congruence. This tendency was particularly outstanding in the perception of cognitive competence, implying a positive impact of the congruence of parent-child beliefs on children's perceived cognitive competence.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 2005

This current study was designed to explore the meaning of being a mother and a father in contemporary Korean society by examining their roles perceived by mothers and fathers with children at different developmental stages. A total of three hundred and ninety four couples with children aged from one to seventeen years were recruited for the study, and they were asked to complete a set of questionnaires about paternal and maternal roles each. A modified version of Generative Fathering Scales by Lee et al.(1999), was used to measure the roles perceived by fathers and mothers in two areas: (1) parenting responsibilities and (2) involvement in childrearing practices. The parental roles, as expected, were viewed differently by the surveyees with children at different ages: the younger child/ren a father has, the more involvement he emphasizes in childrearing. These results indicate that the roles of mothers and fathers should be considered in the context of developing children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1141-1152
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental changes of metamemory. The subjects were 120 5, 7, and 9 year-old children. All children performed metamemory tests which were composed of person variable, task variables, and strategy variable. There were significant age differences in metamemory awareness. As for person variable, prediction accuracy was increased with age. As for task variables, older children recognized aims of tasks, whereas younger children perceived salient properties of tasks. Also, as for strategy variable, number and complexity of strategy for memory retrieval were increased with age.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2016

Various operative techniques are available for the treatment of craniosynostosis. The patient's age at presentation is one of the most important factors in the determination of the surgical modality. Minimally invasive suturectomy and postoperative helmet therapy may be performed for relatively young infants, whose age is younger than 6 months. It relies upon the potential for rapid brain growth in this age group. Its minimal invasiveness is also advantageous. In this article, we review the advantages and limitations of minimally invasive suturectomy followed by helmet therapy for the treatment of craniosynostosis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder with an onset of symptoms before 7 years of age, often starting as early as the preschool years. The off-label use of methylphenidate (MPH) for 3- to 6-year-old preschool children with ADHD is being more common, although MPH is not licensed for use in children younger than age 6 years, in most countries. Despite the limited data, the review of the literature suggests that MPH meets evidence based criteria as beneficial and safe for carefully diagnosed ADHD preschool children. Carefully monitored administration of evidence-based psychotropic medication in preschool children with ADHD may be indicated if psychosocial treatments are ineffective.