1 |
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press;2000.
|
2 |
Lavine JV, Gibbons RD, Christoffel KK, Arend R, Rosenbaum D, Binns H, et al. Prevalence rates and correlates of psychiatric disorders among preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:204-214.
DOI
|
3 |
Dupaul GJ, McGoey KE, Eckert TL, Van Brakle J. Preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:508-515.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
4 |
Ghuman JK, Arnold LE, Anthony BJ. Psychopharmacological and other treatments in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current evidence and practice. J Child Adolesc Psy-chopharmacol 2008;18:413-447.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
5 |
Campbell NB, Tamburrino MB, Evans CL, Franco KN. Fluoxetine for ADHD in a young child. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:1259-1260.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
6 |
Riddle MA, Kastelic EA, Frosch E. Pediatric psychopharmacology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001;42:73-90.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
7 |
Connor DF. Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, and stimulant treat-ment. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002;23(1 Suppl):S1-S9.
DOI
|
8 |
Gleason MM, Egger HL, Emslie GJ, Greenhill LL, Kowatch RA, Lie-berman AF, et al. Psychopharmacological treatment for very young children: contexts and guidelines. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:1532-1572.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
9 |
Vaughan BS, March JS, Kratochvil CJ. The evidence-based pharmacological treatment of paediatric ADHD. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol; 2011. p.1-13.
DOI
|
10 |
Maayan L, Paykina N, Fried J, Strauss T, Gugga SS, Greenhill L. The open-label treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 4- and 5-year-old children with beaded methylphenidate. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19:147-153.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
11 |
Kratochvil CJ, Vaughan BS, Mayfield-Jorgensen ML, March JS, Kol-lins SH, Murray DW, et al. A pilot study of atomoxetine in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:175-185.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
12 |
Ghuman JK, Aman MG, Ghuman HS, Reichenbacher T, Gelenberg A, Wright R, et al. Prospective, naturalistic, pilot study of open-label atomoxetine treatment in preschool children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19:155-166.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
13 |
Cesena M, Lee DO, Cebollero AM, Steingard RJ. Case study: behavioral symptoms of pediatric HIV-1 encephalopathy successfully treated with clonidine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:302-306.
DOI
|
14 |
Lee BJ. Clinical experience with guanfacine in 2-and 3-year-old children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Infant Mental Health 1997;18:300-305.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
15 |
Connor DF, Fletcher KE, Swanson JM. A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:1551-1559.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
16 |
Scahill L, Barloon L, Farkas L. Alpha-2 agonists in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 1999;12:168-173.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
17 |
Pliszka SR, Crismon ML, Hughes CW, Corners CK, Emslie GJ, Jensen PS, et al. The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project : revision of the algorithm for pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:642-657.
|
18 |
Firestone P, Musten LM, Pisterman S, Mercer J, Bennett S. Short-term side effects of stimulant medication are increased in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1998;8:13-25.
DOI
|
19 |
Handen BL, Feldman HM, Lurier A, Murray PJ. Efficacy of methylphenidate among preschool children with developmental disabilities and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:805-812.
DOI
|
20 |
Short EJ, Manos MJ, Findling RL, Schubel EA. A prospective study of stimulant response in preschool children: insights from ROC analyses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43:251-259.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
21 |
Greenhill LL, Kollins S, Abikoff H, McCracken JT, Riddle MA, Swanson J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of immediate-release methylphenidate for preschoolers with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:1284-1293.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
22 |
Wigal T, Greenhill L, Chuang S, McGough J, Vitiello B, Skrobala A, et al. Safety and tolerability of methylpheniate in preschool children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45: 1294-1313.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
23 |
Vitiello B, Abikoff H, Chuang SZ, Kollins SH, McCracken JT, Riddle MA, et al. Effectiveness of methylphenidate in the 10 month continuation phase of the preschoolers with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment study (PATS). J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:593-604.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
24 |
National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD follow-up: changes in effectiveness and growth after the end of treatment. Pediatrics 2004;113:762-769.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
25 |
Wigal SB, Gupta S, Greenhill L, Posner K, Lerner M, Steinhoff K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in preschoolers with attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:153-164.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
26 |
Conners CK. Controlled trial of methylphenidate in preschool children with minimal brain dysfunction. Int J Ment Health 1975;4:61-74.
DOI
|
27 |
Korean Food and Drug Administration. Medications that are prohibited in children and adolescents. [accessed on 15 Feb 2011]. Available from http://ezdrug.kfda.go.kr/kfda2.
|
28 |
Greenhill LL, Posner K, Vaughan BS, Kratochvil CJ. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2008;17:347-366.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
29 |
Schliefer M, Weiss G, Cohen N, Elman M, Cvejic H, Kruger E. Hyperactivity in preschoolers and the effect of methylphenidate. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1975;45:38-50.
DOI
|
30 |
Cunningham CE, Siegel LS, Offord DR. A developmental dose-response analysis of the effects of methylphenidate on the peer interactions of attention deficit disordered boys. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1985;26:955-971.
DOI
|
31 |
Barkley RA, Karlsson J, Strzelecki E, Murphy JV. Effects of age and Ritalin dosage on the mother-child interactions of hyperactive children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984;52:750-758.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
32 |
Barkley RA. The effects of methylphenidate on the interactions of preschool ADHD children with their mothers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1988;27:336-341.
DOI
|
33 |
Mayes SD, Crites DL, Bixler EO, Humphrey FJ 2nd, Mattison RE. Methylphenidate and ADHD: influence of age, IQ and neurodevelopmental status. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994;36:1099-1107.
|
34 |
Musten LM, Firestone P, Pisterman S, Bennett S, Mercer JJ. Effects of methylphenidate on preschool children with ADHD: cognitive and behavioral functions. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:1407-1415.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
35 |
McGee R, Prior M, Williams S. The long-term significance of tea-cher-rated hyperactivity and reading ability in childhood: findings from two longitudinal stidies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2002;43: 1004-1017.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
36 |
Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Kipp H, Ehrhardt A, Lee SS et al. Three-year predictive validity of DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children diagnosed at 4-6 years of age. Am J Psy-chiatry 2004;161:2014-2020.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
37 |
Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Stein MA, Loney J, Trapani C, Nugent K et al. validity of DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for younger children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37: 695-702.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
38 |
Pierce EW, Ewing LJ, Campbell SB. Diagnostic status and symptomatic behavior of hard-to-manage preschool children in middle childhood and early adolescence. J Clin Child Psychol 1998;28:44-57.
|
39 |
Dulcan M. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(10 Suppl):85S-121S.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
40 |
Offson M, Marcus SC, Weissman MM, Jensen PS. NAtional ternds in the use of psychotropic medications by children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:514-521.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
41 |
Zito JM, Safer DJ, dosReis S, Gardner JF, Boles M, Lynch F. Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to preschoolers. JAMA 2000;283:1025-1030.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
42 |
Zuveska SH, Vitiello B, Norquist GS. Recent treds in stimulant me-dication use among U.S. children. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:579-585.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
43 |
US Food and Drug Administration. Medication guide: Ritalin. [accessed on 15 Feb 2011]. Available from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm089090.pdf.
|