• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

In becoming parents, the marital partners enter into a new developmental phase. The conception of the child is an act of mutual creativity during which the boundaries between the self and another were temporarily obliterated more completely than at any time since infancy. The infant is a physical fusion of the parents, and their personalities unite within the child. for many women, creativity as a mother becomes a central matter that provides meaning and balance to their lives. The husband usually has strong desires for an offspring and can be transformed by it. The child can profoundly affect one or both parents, and the influences are reciprocal-a child's needs or specific difficulties uncover a parent's inadequacy. following the child's development, each transition into a new developmental phase requires an adaptation by the parents, and one or another of these required adaptations may disturb a parent's equilibirium. And the personality changes, emotional difficulties, and regressions of a spouse that occur in response to some phase of parenthood can upset the marriage. Not only do children identify with parents, but parents also identify with their children. The parents take pleasure in child's joy and suffer with the child's pain more than in almost any other relationship. certain respects e parents lives again in the child. Through the process of identification the child can also provide one of the two parents with the opportunity to experience intimately the way in which a person of the opposite gender grows up. Parenthood also provides the opportunity to be loved, admired, and needed simply because one is a parent and, as such, a central and necessary object in the young child's life. The many potentialities for emotional satisfactions from parenthood manage to outweigh the tribulations and sacrifices that are required. The child also exerts an indirect effect through changing the parent's position in the society, for new sets of relationships are established as the parents are drawn to other couples with children of the same age, and for a new impetus toward economic and social mobility often possesses the parents. frequently the couple's relatedness to their own parents improves and grows firmer once again. Parenthood, the satisfactions it provides and the demands it makes, varies as life progresses : and changes with the parent's interests, needs, and age as well as with the children's maturation. There are phases in the child's life that the parents are reluctant to have pass, whereas they tolerate others largely through knowing that they will soon be over. The changing lives of the children provide many satisfactions that offset the tribulations, uncertainties, and regrets. The parents change. The young father, who was just starting on his carrier whom the first child was born, settles into a life pattern. He becomes secure with increasing achievement and interacts differently with the youngest child and provides a different model for him than for the oldest. The mother may have less time for a second or third child than for her first, but she may also be more assured in her handling of them. The birth of a baby when the parents art in their late thirties will find them Less capable of physical exertion with the child and less tolerant of annoyances, but they are less apt to be annoyed. Eventually the children min and leave home, but the couple do not cease to be parents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.331-350
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• 2005

The study examined the effects of an intervention program based on reflective thinking on mother-child interaction behaviors. Three mothers with problematic mother-child interactions and their 4-year-old socially delayed boys participated in the program that consisted of four main activities like journal and video feedback, lectures on interactive strategies, mother-child interactive play and program evaluations and ran for twenty 120 minutes weekly sessions. The level of reflective thought was determined by analyzing interview transcripts, journal entries. The videotaped mother-child interaction behaviors were rated by the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale and Child Behavior Rating Scale. It was concluded that the program enhanced mother's reflection on mother-child interactions and changed interaction behaviors of 3 mother-child pairs positively.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2004

This study intends to analyse the concept on the child-rearing of parents. Through analysis, several concepts on the child-rearing would be cleared, and therefore the groundwork of the theoretical framework can be constructed. The concepts were analyzed by the method of Walker & Avant(1995). The attribute of child-rearing is as follows; nutrition supply, affectionate mind, caring, growth development supporting, protecting, instructing, pregnancy, delivery etc. The proper child-rearing helps reinforce child development, mother-infant attachment, social disposition, parental-role contentment and family relationship. This study would be helpful to the establishment of child-rearing paradigm. And therethrough this result although helps construct proper child-rearing as well as theoretical groundwork.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.349-360
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• 2009

During the last ten years, a number of the substantiated child abuse cases, studies, and newspaper articles in relation to child abuse have increased rapidly. Newspaper reports on physical abuse cases decreased, while articles on those of the sexual abuse and negligence increased after the year of 2000. However, the reason of child abuse was less studied, in comparison to the substantial number of research on the policy and the negative effects of child abuse. It is suggested that child abuse studies and policies should be performed from a pre-preventive perspective as well as a pro-protective perspective. The research regarding child abuse has to be conducted in the ecological perspective which includes not only the problems of children and their families, but also sociocultural issues. The results of studies on child abuse should be applied for the actual policy and systems improvement.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of children's temperament and environmental factors on boys' and girls' noncompliance in ecological context. Observations were made of 62 children(34 boys and 28 girls, $\bar{x}$= 44 months) enrolled in child-care centers. Mothers and caregivers completed questionnaires. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's Correlation, and three way ANOVA. Results showed no significant gender difference in noncompliance. There were correlations between children's activity level, maternal rejection and responsiveness, quantity of child-care and boys' noncompliance. For girls, only activity level and quantity of child-care were related to noncompliance. The effects of maternal child-rearing behavior and child-care variables on noncompliance varied by children's gender and temperament.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.171-186
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• 2002

This study of variables associated with maternal monitoring of child's whereabouts and daily activities was conducted with 1500 children (8 and 13 years of age) and their mothers. They responded to questionnaires on monitoring knowledge, sources of maternal information (maternal solicitation and/or child disclosure), and demographic variables. Data were analyzed by Pearson's r, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Mothers' knowledge of her child's activities and whereabouts and the sources of her knowledge were associated with mothers' higher level of education. Child's age was related to mother's knowledge and maternal solicitation. Maternal solicitation and child's age were highly predictive of mothers' knowledge of her child's whereabouts and activities. Results of this study may have applications for parental supervision and child rearing attitudes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.639-648
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate foodservice management practices in the child care centers and kindergartens. Interviews were held from May to July 2008 to understand the current situation concerning foodservices in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Surveys were sent out from August 2008 to April 2009 to 1,478 child care centers and 299 kindergartens via the postal service. Among them, 203 child care centers(13.7%) and 64 kindergartens(21.4%) responded. One of the largest concerns while preparing the food was nutrition(68.7%, 69.8%, respectively) followed by sanitation(24.4%, 27.0%, respectively). The most frequently referred sources for planning the menu were the Seoul child care information center(55.4%) for child care centers and kindergarten related internet sites(39.0%) for the kindergartens. In general, the child care center principal was in charge of planning the menu(40.1%). Child care centers and kindergartens purchased ingredients mostly from large retailers(55.3% and 44.7%, respectively), whereas 46.0% and 56.3% of those did through foodservice suppliers. Dietitians were rarely employed at these facilities, and this may cause unprofessional foodservice management.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.43-60
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• 2020

The literature on parent-child relationships in young adulthood lacks a systemic approach that considers the multifaceted nature of intergenerational relationships. In this paper, we identify the latent profiles of young Korean adults' relationships with their parents based on the six dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (structural, associational, affectual, consensual, functional, and normative solidarity) as indicators. We considered solidarity for the mother and the father separately for structural, associational, affectual, and consensual dimensions. In terms of functional and normative solidarity, we measured both upstream and downstream intergenerational support. The sample included 1,015 young adults who were 19-34 years old, never married, not in secondary school, and had both parents living. The latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: (a) independent but intimate (22.7%), (b) coresident, outwardly intimate (32.4%), (c) detached from father (6.7%), and (d) coresident, intimate (38.2%). The factors that predicted each profile included the young adults' education, income, subjective socioeconomic status, and experiencing the features of emerging adulthood along with the parents' marital status, father's employment, and overparenting. The "coresident, intimate" group reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms compared to the other three groups. The lowest levels of psychological adjustment were found in the "coresident, outwardly intimate" group and "detached from father" group.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.3-25
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• 2017

Objectives: We examined which socioeconomic and intergenerational characteristics were associated with the level of intention to marry among Korean men and women in young adulthood. Method: Data came from 351 men and 391 women who were 25-34 years old, had never been married, and had at least one living parent. We conducted multiple regression analyses by gender after controlling for age and current romantic relationship. Results: Among the socioeconomic characteristics, more years of education was linked to both men's and women's higher levels of intention to marry. For women, having a secure, full-time job was related to greater intention to marry. For men, the higher their subjective socioeconomic status, the greater their intention to marry. Among intergenerational characteristics, both men's and women's positive attitudes toward supporting elderly parents were related to a higher level of intention to marry. For men, the frequency of providing instrumental support for their parents was negatively associated with the men's intention to marry. For women, higher levels of agreement with parents' responsibility to support their adult children as well as greater affection for their parents were positively related to greater intention to marry. Conclusions: The findings suggest that young adults' socioeconomic resources and the family context are important predictors of young adults' marital intentions. The results also reveal gender differences in the factors associated with young adults' marital intentions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2015

This study aims to uncover what kinds of difficulties preschool teachers are now confronted with when they begin to implement project based learning with young children, in order to develop contents for teacher education programs. From July 2012 to February, 2013, 9 teachers participated in implementing projects in preschool classrooms. For data generation and interpretation, observations of class projects, tape-recordings of teacher conferences, and interviews with the teachers were made. The findings were as follows: teachers' uncertainty regarding project itself, teachers themselves, child competence, and its sustainableness were the most critical obstacle to hinder the teachers in implementing self directed projects with young children. The results imply that the teachers' belief in child competence in doing projects is of great significance; their view that it is very difficult for them to do projects without viewing young children a co-constructor of knowledge. Therefore, the key element in developing contents for teacher education programs should include a richer understanding of young children' competence.