• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The effects of application of gypsum and fresh cattle manure on the yield of forage crop were investigated in Hwaong reclaimed land in Korea for 3 years from 2011 to 2013. This study was conducted to develop the practical application method of livestock manure as a fertilization source and a soil physico-chemical ameliorator for the cultivation of forage crop $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid in newly reclaimed tidal land soil. Treatments with six applications were established with three replications; chemical fertilizer (CF), gypsum (G) $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$, G+fresh cattle manure (FCM) 100%, G+FCM 200%, G+FCM 300% and FCM 100% which referred to the application rate equivalent to the recommended amount of phosphate fertilization by soil test. The combined treatments of G+FCM increased soil organic matter, $Av.P_2O_5$ and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ contents while decreased exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. The soil bulk density, soil hardness and soil aggregate formation were improved by G+FCM treatments. The dry matter yields of $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid were significantly increased in proportion to the application rate of FCM. The phosphorus use efficiency showed the highest in the application level of G+FCM 100%, which seemed to be the results of reduced nutrient use efficiency by nutrient immobilization, leaching etc. when applied excessive amount of fresh animal manure.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.351-354
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• 1975

2-Phenylethyl tosylate를 피리딘 및 p-톨릴-N,N-디메틸아닐린과 反應시켜 대응하는 4級 암모늄鹽을 合成하여 NMR 및 IR로서 4級鹽을 確認하였고 그의 物理 및 化學定數를 比較하였다. 本實驗에서 얻은 2-phentylethyl pyridinium tosylate는 benzyl pyridinium tosylate와 마찬가지 方法으로 아세톤 중에서도 合成이 可能하나 아세토니트릴中에서 收率이 훨씬 좋음을 알았다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1990

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of field productivity, variety and nitrogen rate on the yield, quality, chemical constituents and physical properties of burley cured leaf in three field with different productivity(Degree of field productivity: A ; high, B ; medium, C : low) during successive two years(1988~89). The yield and quality were remarkably lowered when nitrogen fertilizer being applied much in low productive field. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, particularly the yield of KB101 in low productive field was relatively high. The effect of nitrogen rate on the yield was somewhat different according to field productivity and production year. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a, the added nitrogen had no effect on the yield. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf grown in low productive field was high while total alkaloid was low, therefore total alkaloid/total nitrogen ratio was remarkably low. The lightness, red and yellow color of cured leaf grown in low productive field was remarkably low. As compared with Burley 21, the contents of total alkaloid and total nitrogen and shatter resistance index of cured leaf was somewhat low, while the filling power, lightness, red and yellow color were slightly high. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf was increased remarkably by nitrogen addition, but total alkaloid was not increased though the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a. The filling power and shatter resistance index of cured leaf grown in high nitrogen plot, and the lightness and yellow color were low while the red color was relatively high. It comes into question that the visual quality being increased as well as increment of yield and nitrogenous compounds by nitrogen addition in high productive field. In low productive field, it is considerable that nitrogen addition for high yield should be prohibited because it causes the decrement of yield and quality, on the contrary.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 1984

인삼재배포장(人蔘栽培圃場) 선정(選定)의 통계적(統計的) 모형(模型)을 설정(設定)코자 홍삼포(紅蔘圃) 6년근(年根) 27개소(個所)에서 근수량(根收量)과 토양(土壤)의 주요(主要) 이(理), 화학성(化學性)을 조사(調査)하여 그들 상호간(相互間)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 검토(檢討)하고 조사전(調査前) 이들 인자(因子)들로 근수량(根收量)의 여측(予測)이 가능(可能)한가를 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 6년근포장(年根圃場)의 근수량(根收量)은 $1.85{\pm}0.54kg/3.3m^2$였고 근수량(根收量)과 공극(孔隙), 점토(粘土), 점토(粘土)와 미사함량(微砂含量), 유기물(有機物) 및 CEC와는 각각(各各) 정(正)의 상관(相關)이, 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)과는 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 공극(孔隙)($X_1$), 점토(粘土)($X_2$), 입토(粒土)와 미사함량(微砂含量)($X_3$), 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)($X_4$), CEC($X_5$)를 조합(組合)한 회귀방정식(回歸方程式)으로 근수량여측(根收量予測)이 가능(可能)하였으며 그 이론식(理論式)은 $Y=-1.175+0.033X_1-0.04X_2+0.012X_3-0.001X_4+0.171X_5$였다. 3. 근수량(根收量)의 관여도(關與度) 지표(指標)인 표준편회귀계수(標準偏回歸係數)는 CEC 0.3799, 점토함량(粘土含量) 0.1550, 공극(孔隙) 0.0890 점토(粘土)와 미사함량(微砂含量) 0.0599, 유효인산(有效燐酸) -0.0138순(順)이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2001

자운영 입모중(立毛中) 벼 무경운(無耕耘) 벼직파재배(直播栽培)에 의한 성력화(省力化) 및 환경지속형(環境持續型) 농업기술개발을 위하여 전북통(全北統) 보통답(普通畓)에서 자운영 입모중(立毛中)에 동진벼를 건답직파(乾畓直播)하여 얻어진 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 자운영 입모수(立毛數)는 시험전(試驗前) 256개 $m^{-2}$에 비하여 시험후(試驗後)에는 440개 $m^{-2}$로 자운영종자(種子)를 다시 파종(播種)하지 않아도 될 정도의 충분한 입모수(立毛數)가 확보(確保)되었다. 토양 이화학성의 변화는 자운영 입모중(立毛中) 시비량(施肥量)을 50% 절감(節減)하여 벼를 파종(播種)한 구(區)가 관행(慣行)과 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 관행(慣行) 87g, 건중(乾重) $m^{-2}$ 발생(發生)하였으나 자운영 입모중(立毛中) 벼파종(播種)에서는 잡초(雜草)가 거의 발생하지 않았다. 벼 수량(收量)은 관행(慣行) 4.9t $ha^{-1}$에 비하여 자운영 입모중(立毛中) 파종(播種)에서 콩 파종기(播種機)로 파종시(播種時) 4.5t $ha^{-1}$이였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2006

원료육 종류[SF사의 노계육을 이용한 닭가슴살(T1) 및 닭다리살(T2)과 SF사의 MDCM(mechanical deboned chicken meat, T3) 및 JY사의 MDCM]에 따라 pH 11 알칼리 조절법으로 제조한 계육 수리미의 수율, 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다 수율은 T1>T2>T3>T4순이었으며(p<0.05), T1이 수율, 이화학적 및 관능적 특성의 종합적인 면에서 다른 세 처리구들에 비하여 가장 양호하였다. 특히 육색 $L^*$값과 W값, 전단가, 조직감의 모든 항목, 접기 시험 결과, 파괴 강도, 겔 강도, 파괴 강도${\times}$변형 값, 관능 검사의 맛, 육색 및 종합적인 기호도가 높고, 육색 $a^*$값, 가열감량, 콜라겐 및 Mb 함량이 낮아(p<0.05) 양호하였다. 수리미의 품질측면에서 닭가슴살 원료를 대체할 수 있는 것은 T2와 T3보다 T4가 더 효과적이었으며(p<0.05), 그 특성으로는 변형 값, 관능검사에서 향, 다즙성 및 연도는 높고, Met-Mb 함량이 낮은 장점이 있는 반면 경제적 면에서 수율이 낮았다(p<0.05). T2는 육색의 $b^*$값이 낮아 좋았으나, 조지방 함량, 가열 감량 및 Met-Mb이 많고, 조직감에서 표면경도, 경도, 검성 및 씹힘성과 접기 시험, 파괴 강도${\times}$변형 값 및 관능검사에서 향이 낮아(p<0.05) 품질에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤다. 한편 T3는 pH가 높아 좋았으나, 콜라겐과 수분 함량은 많고, 육색 $b^*$값이 높으며, 조단백질 함량, 접기 시험, 육색의 $L^*$값과 W값, 조직감의 응집성 및 관능검사의 연도가 낮아(p<0.05) 품질에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 결과였다. 접기 시험 결과와 다른 분석 항목간에 상관관계는 조단백질 함량, $L^*$, 전단가 및 응집성과 0.8 이상의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 수분 함량과는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.05).

• Advances in nano research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Iron oxide nanoparticles excite researcher interest in biomedical applications due to their low cost, biocompatibility and superparamagnetism properties. Magnetic iron oxide especially magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) possessed a superparamagnetic behaviour at certain nanosize which beneficial for drug and gene delivery, diagnosis and imaging. The properties of nanoparticles mainly depend on their synthesis procedure. There has been a massive effort in developing the best synthetic strategies to yield appropriate physico-chemical properties namely co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, microemulsions, hydrothermal and sol-gel. In this review, it is discovered that magnetite nanoparticles are best yielded by co-precipitation method owing to their simplicity and large production. However, its magnetic saturation is within range of 70-80 emu/g which is lower than thermal decomposition and hydrothermal methods (80-90 emu/g) at 100 nm. Dimension wise, less than 100 nm is produced by co-precipitation method at $70^{\circ}C-80^{\circ}C$ while thermal decomposition and hydrothermal methods could produce less than 50 nm but at very high temperature ranging between $200^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$. Thus, co-precipitation is the optimum method for pre-compliance magnetite nanoparticles preparation (e.g., 100 nm is fit enough for biomedical applications) since thermal decomposition and hydrothermal required more sophisticated facilities.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

1. 두 토양(土壤) 모두에서 무비구(無肥區)에 비하여 BIO-COM, 퇴비 및 N-P-K 비료시용은 모두 수량증수효과(收量增收效果)를 보였으나, 그 중 BIO-COM 효과가 가장 크며 Humic acid 처리는 오히려 수량을 감소시켰다. 2. 특히 BIO-COM은 삼요소(三要素) 무시용구(無施用區)에서는 4% 시용수준(施用水準)까지, 그리고 삼요소(三要素) 병행(竝行) 시용구(施用區)는 2% 수준까지 수량증가(收量增加)를 보였다. 3. 수도수량(水稻收量)은 수량구성요소중(收量構成要素中) 주당수수와 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으나 천립중(千粒重)과는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 4. BIO-COM 시용은 수도재배후(水稻栽培後) 토양의 pH, EC, OM, T-N, Av-P, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg, 그리고 $Av-SiO_2$ 함량을 증가시켰다. 5. BIO-COM 시용은 전생육(全生育) 시기별(時期別) 초장, 분얼수, 생물중 및 건물중을 증가시켰으며, 또한 이들 상호간에는 고도의 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 6. 두 토양 공히 처리에 따라 수도체중의 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量) 및 질소, 인산, 칼슘, 마그네슘함량이 증가되었다. 7. 토양의 pH, 전기전도도, 유기물, 전질소, 치환성칼슘, 마그네숨 함량과 수량간에는 유의성 있는 정의상관을 보였다. 8. 최고 분얼기, 출수기의 수도체중의 질소, 인산함량과 수량간에는 고도의 유의성 있는 정의상관율 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1999

CaCl2 and water soluble degraded chitosan mixtures were used as coagulants for extending the shelf life of tofu. Microbial counts, pH, and turbidity in tofu immersion solution were analyzed during the periods of storage at 4oC and physico chemical properties of tofu were determined by rheological properties, color and yield. There was no significant difference in moisture content and yield between tofu made with and without chitosan. Failure stress and stress relaxation values were reduced when chitosan was added to CaCl2, but there was no significant change among contents of chitosan added to tofu. The pH values were decreased at the beginning and then slowly increased after 14 days storage. The changes in turbidity were increased during storage, but the change in 2.0g degraded chitosan mixture with 7.0g CaCl2 coagulant(2.0:7.0 ratio) was lower than others and initial turbidity was lower as much as chitosan added to coagulant. These data showed that the water soluble degraded chitosan had a good anti microbial effect and increases the shelf life of tofu.