• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2008

The pulsatile flow of blood through a stenosed artery under the influence of external periodic body acceleration is studied. The effect of non-Newtonian nature of blood in small blood vessels has been taken into account by modeling blood as a Casson fluid. The non-linear coupled equations governing the flow are solved using perturbation analysis assuming that the Womersley frequency parameter is small which is valid for physiological situations in small blood vessels. The effect of pulsatility, stenosis, body acceleration, yield stress of the fluid and pressure gradient on the yield plane locations, velocity distribution, flow rate, shear stress and frictional resistance are investigated. It is noticed that the effect of yield stress and stenosis is to reduce flow rate and increase flow resistance. The impact of body acceleration is to enhance the flow rate and reduces resistance to flow.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2011

In this paper, after an acceleration typed ion wind generator which could format strong electric field in air was manufactured and installed, the effects of the electrode configuration and distance of acceleration type ion wind generator with triangle structure on the ion wind generation characteristics were investigated. As a result, the ion wind generator with curvature multipoint electrode could generate higher ion wind velocity and ion wind generation yield than others with multipoint electrode, curvature line electrode, line electrode structure. The ion wind generator with curvature multipoint electrode showed a peak ion wind velocity of 1.33[m/s] at 19.0[kV] and a ion wind generation yield of 0.12[m/Ws] at 15.0[kV].

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.1225-1256
• /
• 2014

Calculating the seismic displacement of retaining walls has an important role in the optimum design of these structures. Also, studying the effect of surcharge is important for the calculation of active pressure as well as permanent displacements of the wall. In this regard, some researchers have investigated active pressure; but, unfortunately, there are few investigations on the seismic displacement of retaining walls with surcharge. In this research, using limit analysis and upper bound theorem, permanent seismic displacement of retaining walls with surcharge was analyzed for sliding and overturning failure mechanisms. Thus, a new formulation was presented for calculating yield acceleration, critical angle of failure wedge, and permanent displacement of retaining walls with surcharge. Also, effects of surcharge, its location and other factors such as height of the wall and internal friction angle of soil on the amount of seismic displacements were investigated. Finally, designing charts were presented for calculating yield acceleration coefficient and angle of failure wedge.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.247-267
• /
• 2012

Calculating the displacements of retaining walls under seismic loads is a crucial part in optimum design of these structures and unfortunately the techniques based on active seismic pressure are not sufficient alone for an appropriate design of the wall. Using limit analysis concepts, the seismic displacements of retaining walls are studied in present research. In this regard, applying limit analysis method and upper bound theorem, a new procedure is proposed for calculating the yield acceleration, critical angle of failure wedge, and permanent displacements of retaining walls in seismic conditions for two failure mechanisms, namely sliding and sliding-rotational modes. Also, the effect of internal friction angle of soil, the friction angle between wall and soil, maximum acceleration of the earthquake and height of the wall all in the magnitude of seismic displacements has been investigated by the suggested method. Two sets of ground acceleration records related to near-field and far-field domains are employed in analyses and eventually the results obtained from the suggested method are compared with those from other techniques.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.396-402
• /
• 2001

전자빔 증착기를 이용하여 1000 $\AA$의 두께를 가진 MgO박막을 구리 기판위에 상온에서 증착하였다. 스퍼터링수율 측정시 MgO 층에 충전현상을 없애주기 위해서 1000 $\AA$ 두께의 Al을 증착하였다. 갈륨 액체금속을 집속이온빔 이온원으로 사용하였다. 두 개의 정전렌즈를 사용하여 이온빔을 집속하였고, MgO에 이온빔을 주사하기 위해 편향기를 사용하였다. 가속전압의 변화에 따라 시료대 전류와 이차입자 전류를 측정하였고, 이 전류값은 소스에 인가하는 가속전압에 따라 변화되었다 MgO 박막의 스퍼터링 수율은 분석된 시료대 전류, 이차입자 전류 및 순수빔 전류의 값을 사용하여 결정하였다. 집속이온빔 장치의 가속전압이 15 kV일 때 MgO 박막의 스퍼터링 수율은 0.30으로 나왔고 가속전압의 값이 증가할 때 스퍼터링 수율이 선형적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 집속이온빔 장치를 이용하면 MgO 박막의 스퍼터링 수율을 측정할 패 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.892-897
• /
• 2002

The research was requested by Meridian Rail Corporation in United States. The Swing Motion Bogie can application by Korea style if synthesize study result of bogie strength evaluation, bogie dynamic characteristics analysis, actual test(maximum speed, derailment coefficient, lateral force, vertical force, vibration acceleration, steady state lateral acceleration) etc..

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.631-644
• /
• 2012

Current seismic codes require from the seismically designed structures to be capable to withstand inelastic deformation. Many studies dealt with the development of different inelastic spectra with the aim to simplify the evaluation of inelastic deformation and performance of structures. Recently, the concept of inelastic spectra has been adopted in the global scheme of the performance-based seismic design through capacity-spectrum methods. In this paper, the median of the ductility demand ratio for 80 ground motions are presented for different levels of normalized yield strength, defined as the yield strength coefficient divided by the peak ground acceleration (PGA). The influence of the post-to-preyield stiffness ratio on the ductility demand is investigated. For fixed levels of normalized yield strength, the median ductility versus period plots demonstrated that they are independent of the earthquake magnitude and epicentral distance. Determined by regression analysis of the data, two design equations have been developed; one for the ductility demand as function of period, post-to-preyield stiffness ratio, and normalized yield strength, and the other for the inelastic deformation as function of period and peak ground acceleration valid for periods longer than 0.6 seconds. The equations are useful in estimating the ductility and inelastic deformation demands for structures in the preliminary design. It was found that the post-to-preyield stiffness has a negligible effect on the ductility factor if the yield strength coefficient is greater than the PGA of the design ground motion normalized by gravity.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.293-315
• /
• 2016

Seismic isolation is often used in protecting mission-critical structures including hospitals, data centers, telecommunication buildings, etc. Such structures typically house vibration-sensitive equipment which has to provide continued service but may fail in case sustained accelerations during earthquakes exceed threshold limit values. Thus, peak floor acceleration is one of the two main parameters that control the design of such structures while the other one is peak base displacement since the overall safety of the structure depends on the safety of the isolation system. And in case peak base displacement exceeds the design base displacement during an earthquake, rupture and/or buckling of isolators as well as bumping against stops around the seismic gap may occur. Therefore, obtaining accurate peak floor accelerations and peak base displacement is vital. However, although nominal design values for isolation system and superstructure parameters are calculated in order to meet target peak design base displacement and peak floor accelerations, their actual values may potentially deviate from these nominal design values. In this study, the sensitivity of the seismic performance of structures equipped with linear and nonlinear seismic isolation systems to the aforementioned potential deviations is assessed in the context of a benchmark shear building under different earthquake records with near-fault and far-fault characteristics. The results put forth the degree of sensitivity of peak top floor acceleration and peak base displacement to superstructure parameters including mass, stiffness, and damping and isolation system parameters including stiffness, damping, yield strength, yield displacement, and post-yield to pre-yield stiffness ratio.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 1997

Seven kinds of hysteric model were used and classified three groups considering the absorbing capacities of strain energy for each model. Four kids of each model. Four kinds of strong motion earthquake record (two of them were recorded in Japan and the others in U.S.A) are used. The yield strength of building was set in the ratio to the maximum input acceleration (Yield Strength / Maximum Acceleration = 0.5~3.0). Natural periods of structures were varied 0.1~3.0 second with an interval of 0.1 second. First group : Elastic-Plastic model, Ramberg-Osgood model Second group : Degrading Tri-liner model, Takeda model Third group : Slip model, Origin model, Max-D model Elastic-plastic response spectra were calculated for response velocities, displacement, energy input, ductility factors, accumulated ductility factors. The equivalent response values of M.D.O.F systems against S.D.O.F system were calculated to compare the relationship of two systems.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2002

Decaborane ($B_{10}H_{14}$) 이온 주입법으로 n-type Si (100) 기판에 ultra-shallow $p^{+}-n$ 접합을 형성시켰다. 이온 주입에너지는 5kV와 10kV, 이온 선량은 $1\times10^{12}\textrm{cm}^2$와 $1\times10^{13}\textrm{cm}^2$로 decaborane을 이온 주입시켰다. 이온 주입된 시료들은 $N_2$ 분위기에서 $800^\{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$에서 10초 동안 RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) 처리를 하였다. 또한 가속에너지에 따른 결함을 확인하기 위해서 15 kV의 이온 주입 에너지에서 $1\times10^{14}\textrm{cm}^2$만큼 이온 주입하였다. 2 MeV $^4He^{2+}$ channeling spectra에서 15 kV로 주입된 시료가 bare n-type Si와 5 kV, 10 kV의 에너지로 주입된 시료보다 주입시 생긴 결함에 의해 backscattering yield가 더 높게 나타났으며 spectra로부터 얻은 이온 주입으로 인한 비정질층의 두께는 표면으로부터 가속전압이 5kV, 10kV, 15kV일 때 각각 1.9nm, 2.5nm, 4.3nm였다. 10 kV에서 이온 주입된 시료를 $800^{\circ}C$ 열처리 한 결과 결함의 회복으로 인해 bare Si와 비슷한 backscattering yield를 보였으며 이때의 계산된 비정질 층의 두께는 0.98 nm이었다. 홀 측정과 면저항 측정은 dopant의 활성화가 주입된 에너지, 이온 선량, 열처리 온도에 따라 증가함을 보여주었다. I-V 측정 결과 누설 전류 밀도는 열처리 온도가 $800^{\circ}C$에서 $1000^{\circ}C$까지 증가함에 따라 감소하였고 주입에너지가 5kV에서 10kV까지 증가함에 따라 증가하였다.