• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

This work was conducted to identify mungbean genotypes showing yield stability and resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications for two years (2011 and 2012) at three locations (Gazipur, Ishurdi and Madaripur) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. An analysis of variance exhibited significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype ${\times}$ environment ($G{\times}E$) on grain yield. Among eight agronomic characters, the principal component 1 (PC1) was always higher than the PC2. Considering $G{\times}E$ interaction, BM6 was the best genotype at all three locations in both years. Based on grain yield and stability performance, BM6 ranked first while the worst performing genotypes were BM1 and G10. Based on discrimination and representation, Gazipur was identified as an ideal environment for these mungbeans. Relationship between soil-plant analysis developments (SPAD) value was positive with yield but negative with MYMV severity. BM6, G1 and G2 were considered as promising sources of resistance for low disease score and stable response across the environments. The environment proved to have an influence on MYMV infection under natural infestation. A positive correlation was observed between disease score and the temperature under natural growing condition.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 1987

Samples showing yellow mosaic symptom of Lilium spp. with necrotic fleck, stunting, malformation, and colour breaking were collected from lily-growing areas in the southern part of Korea. Two viruses were distinguished under a electron microscope and their host range, serological reaction, stability in sap, type of aphid transmission, and relations with cells and tissues were examined. Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) was transmitted by sap-inoculation to 23 plant species in 8 families and by the aphid, Myzus persicae. This virus was inactivated after 10 min at 70C, at dilution of $10^{-3}$, and after 6 days at about 20C. Electron microscopic examination of purified preparation showed that the virus is spherical particle of 28nm in diameter. The virus reacted positively with BBWV-antiserum in agar gel diffusion test. In ultrathin sections of BBWV infected tissues, large aggregates or crystalline array of virus particles and vesicular body were found in the cytoplasm, vacuole, and nucleus of mesophyll cells. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was transmitted by sap-inoculation. Electron microscopic examination of its purified preparation showed spherical particles of 30nm in diameter. The virus reacted positively with CMV-Y strain-antiserum in agar gel diffusion test. In ultrathin sections of CMV infected tissues, crystalline array of virus particles were found in the vacuole and a large number 0f virus particles were found in the cytoplasm and the plasmodesmata of mesophyll cells. When each of these viruses was retransmitted to Lilium tigrinum. L. concolor, and L. auratum, BBWV induced slight symtoms and colour breaking, but CMV induced yellowing mosaic or necrotic fleck.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2009

It was investigated the responses of BaYMV resistant genes to Korean BaYMV(Barley yellow mosaic virus) strains. BaYMV was distributed dominantly with about 51% detection ratio among the three investigated virus such as BaYMV, BaMMV(Barley mild mosaic virus) and SBWMV(Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus) in ELISA test. Double infection with BaYMV and BaMMV was detected also higher as 38.8%, however, BaMMV sole infection ratio was lower with only 1.4%. The 11 BaYMV resistant genes were tested their responses to four Korean BaYMV strains, BaYMV-N, H, I and M. Generally, rym 3 genes showed resistant to Korean BaYMV strains and rym 4m and 5a also was better. Three genes, rym 1+5(Mokusekko-3), rym 3(Ea 52, Baitori) and rym 5a(Solan) showed resistant responses to BaYMV-N type. In -H strain test, seven genes that rym 2(Mihori Hadaka 3), rym 3(Ea 52, Haganemugi, Baitori), rym 4m(Diana, Franka), rym 5a(Solan), rym 7(Hor 3365), rym 9(Bulgarian 347), rym 12(Jochiwon Covered 2) were considered as resistant. The three genes that rym 1+5, rym 3 and rym 5a was effective to -I strain, and rym 3, rym 4m and rym 5a showed resistant to -M strain.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.156-159
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• 2003

Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) cause severe damage in barley cropping field especially yield reduction about 40% to 100% depend on climatic conditions and varieties. The correlations between disease incidence (DI) and changes of climatic conditions were analyzed. The average temperature affected on the DI in early barley growing stage before wintering. However any factors was not correlated with DI during wintering season that means barley growth was closely related to virus reproduction. Significant correlation between the highest temperature and DI during barley regeneration time that temperature, especially the highest, has to be considered to set appropriate time for DI investigation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2009

The potential antiviral effects of the culture filtrates (CF) from Serratia marcescens strain Gsm01 against yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) were investigated. The culture filtrate of S. marcescens strain Gsm01 applied on Chenopodium amaranticolor showed high inhibitory activity, likewise no necrosis appeared when applied on the tobacco plants 2 days before CMV-Y inoculation. When plants were challenge inoculated with CMV-Y for eighteen days, the disease incidence in plants with culture filtrate of S. marcescens Gsm01 did not exceed 59%, whereas 100% of control plants were severely infected. The results of double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), dot blotting, and western blotting showed that culture filtrate treatment highly affected the accumulation of CMV-Y or its CP protein gene in the treated plant leaves. It was also observed that the culture filtrate had no RNase activity on genomic RNAs of CMV-Y, suggesting that culture filtrate may not contain ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) or proteins with RNase activity. These data shows that culture filtrate of S. marcescens strain Gsm01 seems to be a promising source of antiviral substance for the practical use.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

An antiviral producing bacterial strain was isolated from a ginseng rhizosphere in Kangwon province of Republic of Korea. In order to identify the bacterial strain, microbiological, physiological and biochemical tests were performed, along with RAPD, 16S rRNA, 16S-23S rRNA ITS (intergenic spacer region) and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. The bacterium was found to be a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which was designated as Gpf01. The strain was grown in Muller-Hinton (MH) broth, and the culture supernatant obtained was filtered through a $0.45{\mu}l$ filter. It was further boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ and tested in two experiments for its ability to control a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y). In the first experiment, boiled culture filtrate (RCF) was treated on one half of the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor followed by CMV- Y inoculation on both halves. In the second experiment, BCF was treated on the lower leaves of Nicotiana tobacum var. Xanthi-nc, with the CMV-Y mechanically inoculated onto the upper untreated leaves. In the first experiment, BCF treatment was able to considerably reduce the number of viral lesion, and in the second experiment, plants treated with BCF showed no visible viral symptoms compared to the Muller-Hinton (MH) media treated controls 15 days post inoculation (dpi), and remained symptomless throughout the study period. Thus, Gpf01, identified as P. fluorescence, was able to produce an antiviral component in the culture filtrate, which was found to be heat stable, non-phytotoxic and effective in local as well as systemic hosts of CMV.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide that is very effective against various diseases. Our study was undertaken to evaluate T. asperellum SKT-1 for induction of resistance against yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) in Arabidopsis plants. Disease severity was rated at 2 weeks post inoculation (WPI). CMV titre in Arabidopsis leaves was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 WPI. Our results demonstrated that among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants. In contrast, disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants. RT-PCR results showed increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants. Moreover, expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants. In conclusion, BGI treatment induced systemic resistance against CMV through SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis plants. While, treatment with CF of SKT-1 mediated the expression of a majority of the various pathogen related genes, which led to the increased defense mechanism against CMV infection.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2007

Field disease incidences of squash virus diseases in Jeonnam province were estimated to be 76.1% and of delayed planting on August-September (retarding culture) and on February-March (semi-forcing culture) on glass house were 55.0% and 0%, respectively, in 2000. Disease incidences of individual squash plant within a field were 100% and 3.6%, respectively, in wild culture and retarding culture. Total of 61 samples suspected to be infected with viruses were collected in 2000 and tested by RT-PCR using specific oligonulceotide primer sets designed for the detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each specific primer set for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV amplified expected size of DNA fragments from 16, 10, and 2 samples in wild culture, respectively. Double or triple infection were observed in 7 samples tested. In contrast, each specific primer set for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV confirmed virus infection from 7, 6, and 6 samples, respectively, in samples collected from semi-forcing culture. Double infection of WMV and PRSV was observed in only one sample. However, no DNA fragment was amplified from RT-PCR using CGMMV, KGMMV, and CMV specific oligonucleotide primer sets indicating no CGMMV, KGMMV, or CMV infection in squash fields in Jeonnam province in 2000.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.237-243
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• 2002

A survey of virus infection in garlic plants cultivated in Korea was conducted for three years. Most virus-infected garlic plants (Allium sativum) showed typical symptoms on the leaves such as yellow mosaic, stripes, and distortion. Through immunosorbent electron micro-scopy and RT-PCR analysis, the complex mixtures of viruses including garlic viruses of the genus Allerivirus, gaylic strain of Leek yellow stripe virus of the genus Potyvirus, and Garlic latent virus of the genus Carlavirus were identified in the virus-infected garlic plants. Among these viruses, Allexivirus was the most frequently detect-ed in the regions surveyed. Using sets of differential primers for Allexivirus genomes, two members of the genus were amplified and sequenced from the purified viruses. The deduced amino acid sequences for the coat proteins and the nucleic acid binding proteins of two viruses showed high homologies to Garlic virus A (CarV-A) and Garlic virus D (GarV-D) of Allekivirus. This is the first report of GarV-A and GarV-D in Korea. This suggests that Allexivirus in gavlic plants in Korea was mixed and varied. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the genus Allexivirus was diversi(ied by the processes of accumulation and evolution of viruses in garlic plants due to the long period of repeated vegetative propagation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2011

For quarantine purpose, we selected five plant RNA viruses including Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV), Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV), and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), which are not reported in Korea and cause serious economic losses to the family Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae. To detect those viruses, we employed RT-PCR technique with specific oligonucleotide primer pairs and tested their detection efficiency for each virus. To design RT-PCR primers, coat protein was used for CVYV, CYSDV, and ToCV whereas RNA polymerase and nucleocapsid regions were used for PAMV and PYDV, respectively. The development of an RT-PCR based method proved a useful tool for rapid detection and identification of quarantine virus infections.