• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1084-1088
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• 1996

As a series of study for an anti-gout agent, two flavan-3-ols have been isolated from Oolong tea. They showed positive reaction in $anisaldehyde-H_2SO_4$ solution and $FeCl_3$, which were able to be confirmed in TLC with dimeric flavan-3-ols. The components were identified as procyanidin B-2 and procyanidin B-2-O-3, 3'-di-gallate by spectroscopic analysis. Their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase was also investigated and procyanidin B-2-O-3, 3'-digallate showed 60.6% inhibition at $50\;{\mu}mole$. The compound competitively inhibited the xantine oxidase and dimeric flavan-3-ols contanining gallate had higher inhibition activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1629-1636
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• 2009

Pine trees (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zacc.) have been used as a traditional health-promoting medicinal food in Korea. This research was performed to determine the antioxidative and antibacterial activities, tyrosinase, nitric oxide synthesis, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and xanthine oxidase inhibition effects of the pine bud ethanol extract (PBE). Antioxidative activities of PBE were measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA). DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of PBE were remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 88.9% and 47.9% at 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme activities were inhibited about 71.9% and 60.8% at 1 mg/ml and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of PBE, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of PBE were slightly increased in a dose-dependent manner. The PBE showed strong antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vibrio paraheamolyticus. Stimulation of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium. However, NO synthesis was reduced up to 54% by addition of PBE at $200{\mu}g/ml$. These results revealed that pine buds have a strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity, and exhibit angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. This suggests that pine buds have the greatest property as a source for natural health products.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2006

An in vitro bioassay-guide revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Populus davidiana showed considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2). Continuous phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of this plant led to the isolation of ten flavonoids; sakuranetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), 7-O-methylaromadendrin (3), naringenin (4), eriodictyol (5), aromadendrin (6), kaempferol (7), neosakuranin (8), sakuranin (9) and sakurenetin-5,4'-di-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds, 1-10, were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 7 was found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-1 and a moderate effect on COX-2, meanwhile, compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibition against COX-1 only. Moreover, compounds 5-8 exhibited suppressive effects on xanthine oxidase (XO). These results may explain, in part, the traditional uses of P. davidiana in ethnomedicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.431-439
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• 2005

Objective: The aim was to identify the inhibitory effects of Flos Bombacis Malabarici(FBM) on Monosodium Urate (MSU)-induced gout in rats. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment of FBM I (50mg/kg), FBM II (125mg/kg) for seven days followed by injection of MSU solution, the various indicators related to gout were measured, such as hematological and serum levels and including joint inflammation. Also, it was investigated whether FBM directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Results: As a result of this study, FBM didn't show the cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. FBM slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. FBM partially decreased MSU-induced AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, WBC, ESR elevation and significantly decreased MSU-induced uric acid in serum. Conclusion: These results suggest that FBM has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout. and should be further investigated.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.388-393
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• 2006

The aim was to identify the inhibitory effects of Radix Rosae Laevigatae(RRL) on Monosodium Urate(MSU)-induced gout in rats. After pretreatment of RRL I (125mg/kg), RRL II (50mg/kg) for seven days followed by injection of MSU solution, the various indicators related to gout were measured, such as hematological and serum levels and including joint inflammation. Also, it was investigated whether RRL directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. As a result of this study, RRL didn't show the cytotoxicity on cell proliferation, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. RRL slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. RRL partially decreased MSU-induced BUN, creatinine, WBC, ESR elevation and significantly decreased MSU-induced AST, ALT, uric acid in serum. These results suggest that RRL has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout, and should be further investigated.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.715-724
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• 2006

Objective : To identify the inhibitory effects of Commiphora Myrrha (CM) on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout model in rats. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment with CM-I (125mg/kg) or CM-II (50mg/kg) for 7 days followed by ones injection of MSU solution. the various indicators related to gout were measured on hematological and serum level including joint inflammation, Also, it was studied whether FBM directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Results : As a result of this study, CM didn't show cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. CM slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. CM partially decreased MSU-induced albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine. WBC, platelet count and ESR level and significantly decreased MSU-induced uric acid in serum. Conclusion : These results suggest that CM has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout, and should be further investigated.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2024

In this study, the efficacy of antioxidant and whitening factors was analyzed in order to verify the possibility of use as functional cosmetic materials related to antioxidant and whitening by using the extract of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi. As a result, S OD-like activity, FRAP, reducing power, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and elastase inhibitory activity were similar to those of the control group. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity had no effect in hydrothermal extract and 59% inhibitory activity in ethanol extract. Ethanol extract was found to inhibit cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin biosynthesis at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL, which will not affect survival in the B16F10 cell line. In addition, the results of confirming the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 showed inhibition rates of 37%, 51%, and 34%, respectively, at the highest concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. Therefore, it is believed that O. sativa extract has potential to be utilized as a functional cosmetic material related to antioxidant and whitening.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.596-605
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• 2023

Sik-hae is a traditional Korean salt-fermented seafood having a low salt content and a high concentration of Lactobacillus, unlike most salt-fermented fish and fish sauce, which have a high salt content and low concentration of Lactobacillus. This study aimed to investigate the health-promoting functional properties of 10 types of commercial sik-haes. The results showed that for the commercial sik-haes studied, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and sodium nitrite scavenging activity ranged from 29.0% to 46.3%, 35.5% to 65.4%, 0% to 20.0%, 20.1% to 78.8% , and 17.9% to 82.6%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus was rarely detected. The results on healthy functional properties suggest that the commercial sik-haes are expected on the antioxidative activity in F-1-F-5, AP-1, BES, and S, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the other 9 types expected for A, and sodium nitrite scavenging activity in the other 9 types expected for AP-2.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2007

This study prepared extracts of Angelica dahurica leaves using reflux water extraction (RW), reflux ethanol extraction (RE) and pressure heating water extraction (PW). The extracts were extraction for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase. The PW extraction method yielded the highest content of polyphenol compounds (95.23 mg/g). The electron donating abilities (EDAs) of RE and PW extracts were 76.02% and 70.08% respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were 13.45 19.00%, when extracts were assayed at 1 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability (pH 1.2) of the PW extract was 54.33% higher than levels shown (44.24%) by the RE and RW extracts. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by the RW extract was highest (99.71% at 5 mg/mL) while that of the PW extract was over 97% at 500 g/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the RE extract (46.25% at 5 mg/mL). All extracts showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities. The results indicated that the PW extract had the highest polyphenol content, the RW and RE extracts had the best nitrite scavenging ability, and the RE extract showed the most pronounced effect on EDA, SOD-like activity and tyrosinase inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2018

Phellinus gilvus is a medicinal mushroom used that has been used in folk medicine in Asian countries for centuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol (ME) and hot water (HW) extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Ph. gilvus. ME and HW had good anti-xanthine oxidase (XO) activities compared to allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. ME showed comparable and slightly lower inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively, than galanthamine, a standard AChE and BChE inhibitor. ME also showed a protective effect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity at 40 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL in PC-12 cells. ME (0.5~2.0 mg/mL) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema in rats was significantly reduced 2~6 hr after treatment with 50 mg/kg of ME, which was comparable to administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin, the positive control. These results demonstrate that ME and HW of Ph. gilvus fruiting bodies possess good anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities.