• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.296-301
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• 2008

The extracts from Salvia officinalis were studied for antioxidative activities and inhibitory activities against angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase). Total phenolic compounds were found as 22.28, 26.3, 24.63, and 28.22 mg/g in the water, 60% ethanol, 60% methanol and 60% acetone extracts, respectively. The antioxidant activities of Salvia officinalis extracts were measured as $64.4{\pm}1.5%$ at $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ on EDA, inhibition rate on ABTS of $96.9{\pm}0.2%$, antioxidant protection factor of $2.30{\pm}0.16$ PF and TBARS was $0.6{\pm}0.05$ (${\times}100\;{\mu}M$) in the control and $0.28{\pm}0.02$ (${\times}100\;{\mu}M$) in 60% ethanol extracts. Inhibitory activities was the ACE of 75.50% and XOase 100% in 60% ethanol extracts. The 60% ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis exhibited antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori such as 13 mm of clear zone and inhibition rate of 63.4% with $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ of phenolics content. Rosemarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC. The results suggest that the 60% ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis L. will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2024

Ishige foliacea belongs to class Phaeophyceae and family Ishigeaceae. This study investigated the physiological activities of the Korean marine algae I. foliacea. Its solvent extracts were prepared with 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. The ethanol and methanol extracts had higher α-glucosidase (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀: 0.67-0.73 mg/mL), xanthine oxidase (IC₅₀: 0.25-0.28 mg/mL), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC₅₀: 25.29-38.28 ㎍/mL) inhibitory activities than those of the water extract. The ethanol and methanol extracts possessed high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 0.78c0.97 mg/mL). Conversely, the water extract exhibited the highest β-secretase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 0.48 mg/mL). These results indicate that I. foliacea may be useful as a functional substance in food and pharmaceuticals with anti-diabetic, anti-gout, anti-hypertension, and anti-dementia properties.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2011

Objectives : Oxidative stress seems to play a major role in mechanisms by which ethanol causes liver injury. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang, CGHJT) has protective effects on alcoholic liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods : In vitro, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of CGHJT on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), xanthine oxidase, trypsin, and hyaluronidase, and measured cell viability, and proliferation. In the cell culture model, we measured the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) after CGHJT treatment in C34 and E47 cell lines, HepG2 cells transfected with/without the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene. In vivo, we measured malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissue and alcohol concentration in the blood. Results : CGHJT showed significant free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and xanthine oxidase in the in vitro study, and increased cell viability, proliferation, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase in C34 and in E47 cell lines. CGHJT reduced malondialdehyde levels and blood alcohol concentration in vivo, as well. Conclusions : This study suggests that CGHJT has antioxidant effects on oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the ethanol induced suppression of antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

This study was investigated to evaluate the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, and physiological activities of various extracts from Calystegia japonica roots for making good use of their functional materials. The roots of C. japonica were extracted with water (WE), ethanol (EE) and hot water (HWE) by different methods. Among these extracts, the highest extracting yield was 30.30% of HWE, while the highest contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were 40.85% and 6.40% of WE, respectively. The nitrite scavenging abilities were ranged from 31.31% (HWE) to 37.46% (EE) at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/ml concentration. In the measurements of electron donating abilities, EE showed the highest effect as 91.83% at 0.3 mg/ml assay concentration, and the electron donating ability was decreased as the extract concentration was increased. In the results of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, HWE showed the highest effect as 7.15% at 1.0 mg/ml. The tyrosinase inhibition activities of WE and EE were 15.28% and 14.97%, respectively. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects were ranged from 97.50 to 99.28% at 1.0 mg/ml. These results indicate that C. japonica extract has a good antioxidant effects and could be useful for developing functional products.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of a complex herbal bath consisted of Artemisiae argyi folium, Angelicae sinensis radix, Ligustici wallichii radix and Angelicae tuhuo radix, and its potential irritation response were also tested for safety use in the rabbits. For antioxidative activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the complex herbal bath were examined at five different concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ㎍/ml). The concentration of the complex herbal bath required for scavenging DPPH free radical by 50% was 897.2 ㎍/ml. In the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, the concentration of the complex herbal bath required for 50% of inhibition was 221.4 ㎍/ml. In the skin irritation study in rabbit, all animals survived for the duration of the study and the examined skin exhibited no edema, erythema, and eschar formation. In the ocular irritation study in rabbit, after application of the sample to eyes, all of the eyes were normal. In summary, the complex herbal bath has potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH radical and XO and was considered to be a non-irritation bath for safety use.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the contents of flavonoids and the biological activity of fermented beverage of medical plants, DeulBit (DB). 50 g of Cassia semen (Cassia tora L.), 50 g of Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon.), 50 g of Gugija (Lycium chinense Mill), 50g of Menthae herba, 75 g of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 25 g of Dioscorea batatas, 5 g of Lindera obtusiloba Blume, 150 g of Polygonatum odoratum, 25 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 25 g of Acanthopanacis cortex, 100 g of green tea (Camellia sinensis), and 100 g of Laminaria japonica was fermented with sucrose ($50.0{\sim}60.0^{\circ}Brix$.) and 0.5% of deep sea water in 10 L of distilled water for six months at room temperature. Total flavonoids contents of DB was calculated to $3.4{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ and antioxidative activity of DB was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity of DB was 96% and 29% at 100% of DB, respectively. In addition, DB indicated about 88% and 66% of the xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities at 1% and 10% of DB, respectively and showed fibrinolytic activity. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was increased to 15 times by addition of DB. In addition, NO productions of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced to 40.4% by addition of DB. These results suggested that DB is significant role for antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity, and have the strong xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the physiological activities of the extracts from Korean and Chinese Viola mandshurica W. Baker. The water extract from leaves of Chinese V. mandshurica exhibited the highest extraction yields of 30.45 g/100 g and the highest content of total flavonoids as 102.30 mg/g. Also, its ethanol extract showed the best content of polyphenol compounds as 136.16 mg/g. The leaf extract of Korean V. mandshurica produced higher electron donating abilities (EDA) of 92.69% (KLW) and 93.61% (KLE) than the other fractions. The strongest SOD-like activity was shown in the ethanol extract from Korean leaves of 17.28% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the leaf extracts of V. mandshurica from China were intense over 50% at pH 1.2 and 3.0. In the results of inhibitory rates of xanthine oxidase (XO), both ethanol extracts from Korean and Chinese leaves were higher than the other fractions as 98.67% and 93.80% respectively. Effect of tyrosinase inhibition was the highest in the water extract (45.04%) of Chinese leaves, followed by its ethanol extract (31.36%). The results of EDA, SOD-like activity and XO inhibition of the leaf extracts from Korean V. mandshurica were higher than those of Chinese, on the other hand, determinations on total polyphenol contents, NSA and tyrosinase inhibition were higher in those of Chinese.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of Oldenlandiae Diffusae Herba Water extract (ODHW) on lipid peroxidation by free radicals oxidative hepatic injury. Methods : In order to evaluate anti-oxidative activities of ODHW in the liver cell, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were incubated with or without ODHW. After 16 hours to 18 hours of experiment, cells were placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydro-peroxide(t-BHP) for two hours. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. The levels of LPO induced by hydroxyl radical derived from H2O2-Fe2+ system in rat liver homogenate were determined by means of TBA. Inhibitory effect of ODHW on superoxide generation was measured by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Results : In the linoleic acid autoxidation system, ODHW exhibited antioxidant activity, which inhibited 85% of linoleic acid peroxidation. These effects were similar to those of dl-a-tocopherol. ODHW showed scavenging effects on DPPH radical, inhibited superoxide generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, and also inhibited lipid peroxidation of rat liver tissue with hydroxyl radical derived from $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system. In addition, ODHW protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and it significantly increased cell viability in a normal rat liver cell(Ac2F)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.126-131
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• 2012

Physiological activities of hot water (BRW) and 80% ethanol (BRE) extracts from brown rice were investigated in this study. The highest activity (94.9%) of nitrite reductase was observed for BRE at 1 mg/ml at pH 1.2, while the activity for BRW was about 75.4% under the same conditions. The inhibitory effects of BRW and BRE on xanthine oxidase activity were about 39.0 and 72.9% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. The digestibility of starch was lower for brown rice than for milled rice and the highest inhibition (93.1%) of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity occurred with BRE. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of BRW and BRE were weakly increased in a dose-dependent manner and were about 56.4 and 44.9% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. The influences of BRW and BRE on alcohol metabolizing activity were determined by measuring the generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Increases in ADH and ALDH activities were only detected with BRE.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2009

The change of biological activities of melon were investigated during frozen storage. The total phenolic concentrations in melon juice and water extract were 296.25 and $433.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The total flavonoid contents in melon juice and water extract were 20.83 and $53.58\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Antioxidant activities of melon juice and water extract were determined. The DPPH of water extract of melon (85.84%) was higher than the melon juice (60.58%). ABTS of melon juice and water extract were 94.50 and 99.30%, respectively. SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of melon of water extracts were higher than those of melon juice. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of melon juice and water extract were 22.42 and 23.43%, respectively. The changes in the antioxidant activity of melon was insignificant until 6 months of frozen storage. Therefore, it was expected that frozen storage of melon was useful preservation expedient for consistent supply of raw materials.