• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권3A호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 3GPP의 LTE시스템에서 자동화기술 중의 하나인 기지국 구성 자동 설정 (Self-Optimization)을 위한 하드 핸드오버 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 먼저 주변 셀로부터의 수신신호세기와 X2인터페이스를 통해 eNB(evolved Node-B)간의 정보 교환으로 수집된 후보 목표 셀들의 셀 부하 정보를 이용하여, 최적의 목표 셀을 선택하는 혼합형 목표 셀 선택방식과 핸드오버 성능에 영향을 주는 다양한 환경 요소들의 비용함수들에 의해서 최적의 핸드오버 히스테리시스(Hysteresis) 값을 선택하는 다중 요소 기반 능동 히스테리시스 방식으로 구성되어 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 핸드오버 성능에 영향을 주는 요소들에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 LTE시스템에서의 기지국 운용 자동 최적화을 위한 최적화된 목표 셀과 히스테리시스 값을 선택하는 동작을 수행함으로써 핸드오버의 가장 중요한 성능인 핸드오버 실패율과 부하균형 측면에서 우수한 성능을 얻게 한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

로지스틱회귀모형에서 반응변수가 주어졌을 때 설명변수의 조건부 확률분포의 로그-밀도비는 어떤 설명변수가어떻게모형에포함되는지에대한변수선택문제에서유용한정보를제공한다. 설명변수의 조건부 확률분포가 좌우대칭이 아닌 경우 감마분포로 가정하는 것이 적절하다. 여러 가지 모의실험을 수행한 결과를 보면, $x{\mid}y$ = 0과 $x{\mid}y$ = 1의 두 분포가 겹치는 경우에서는 x항과 log(x)항 모두 필요하다. 그리고 두 분포가 분리된 경우에는 x항 또는 log(x)항 중 하나만 필요하다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2013

The gene order on the X chromosome of eutherians is generally highly conserved, although an increase in the rate of rearrangement has been reported in the rodent lineage. Conservation of the X chromosome is thought to be caused by selection related to maintenance of dosage compensation. However, we herein reveal that the cattle (Btau4.0) lineage has experienced a strong increase in the rate of X-chromosome rearrangement, much stronger than that previously reported for rodents. We also show that this increase is not matched by a similar increase on the autosomes and cannot be explained by assembly errors. Furthermore, we compared the difference in two cattle genome assemblies: Btau4.0 and Btau6.0 (Bos taurus UMD3.1). The results showed a discrepancy between Btau4.0 and Btau6.0 cattle assembly version data, and we believe that Btau6.0 cattle assembly version data are not more reliable than Btau4.0.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3138-3151
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• 2022

Traffic safety and congestion are becoming more and more serious, especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, which have caused great casualties and economic losses. Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) can assist in safe driving and improve traffic efficiency through real-time information sharing and communication between vehicles. All vehicles communicate directly with Base Stations (BS), which will increase the base station load. And when the communicating vehicles are too far apart, too fast or there are obstacles in the communication path, the communication link can be unstable or even interrupted. Therefore, choosing an effective and reliable multi-hop relay-assisted Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication can not only reduce the base station load and improve the system throughput but also expand the base station coverage and improve the communication quality of edge vehicles. Therefore, a communication area division scheme based on regular hexagon segmentation technology is proposed, a relay-assisted V2V communication mechanism is designed for the divided communication areas, and an efficient communication link is constructed by selecting the best relay node. Simulation results show that the scheme can improve the throughput of the system by nearly 55% and enhance the robustness of the V2V communication link.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1982

When unattenuated x-ray radiation passes through the object it is transmitted and scattered from objectes and impinging on the film. During this process certain radiation is absorbed within the object and others transmitted in reduced scattering. The scattering radiation influence upon radiation image quality, confining x-ray beam which means scattering radiation produce increased fog on x-ray film image and as a consequence decrease contrast and less detail of the film there for the elimination of fog and for absorbing scattered radiation, the grid has been used between the object and the film in order to rid of scattering rays. Using grid is good method for the qualification of the better image as well as in using air gap technique. The grid is easy to manipulate and promote good efficiency which is defined by ICRU and JIS. It is the purpose to study for eliminating scattered radiation from the tissue equivalent acryl phantom using grid, we have studied and evaluated the grid permeability about the x-ray exposure, the selection of grid ratio according to phantom thickness, on x-ray exposure are performed as follows. 1. The penetrating ratio of primary x-ray is remarkably decreased by increasing of the grid ratio, but it is almost not influenced in KVP difference and phantom thickness. 2. The scattered radiation is proportionaly increased by thickness of the phantom, having nothing to do with grid ratios. 3. The relative between the penetration rate of primary and secondary x-ray is improved by increasing grid ratio, and decreased by phantom thickness, and slightly decreased by high tube voltage. 4. The grid of 5:1 and 10:1 ratio are adequate to the phantom of 10cm and 15cm thickness, respectively.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 4bit SAR-ADC(Successive Approximation ADC) 기반의 LDO(Low Drop-Out Regulator)와 파워 트랜지스터의 사이즈 선택을 통하여 DC-DC 벅 컨버터의 효율을 개선하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 회로는 부하 전류에 따라서 파워 트랜지스터 사이즈를 선택하여 DC-DC 벅 컨버터의 효율을 개선한다. 이를 위해, 우리는 스위칭 손실과 전도 손실이 교차하는 지점을 파워 트랜지스터의 적절한 사이즈로 선택하였다. 또한, standby mode 또는 sleep mode로 동작 시에는 효율을 개선하기 위해 LDO로 동작하도록 하였다. 제안하는 회로는 4bit로 파워 트랜지스터 사이즈(X1, X2, X4, X8)를 선택하였고, 저부하에서 단일 사이즈를 이용한 기존의 방식보다 최대 25%의 효율 개선을 얻을 수 있었다. 입력 전압은 5V, 출력 전압은 3.3V, 최대 부하 전류는 500mA이다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

One of the most important considerations to braze Cu-Al dissimilar materials is control of brittle metallic compound which makes it difficult to obtain a sound brazed joint. Nowdays, several attempts were made to control the metallic compound. But effective method for controlling metallic compound was not established. In this point of view, commercially pure aluminum and copper were used as base metal and Al-Si-X and Zn-Al-X alloy systems were developed as filler metal. Brazing was carried out to find optimum conditions for Cu-Al dissimilar joint. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1) The joint brazed by Al-Si-X filler metal showed good brazeability and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the joint brazed over solidus temperature was more than 90% of Al base metal. Especially, the joint brazed at liquidus temperature was fractured in the Al base metal. 2) Fluorides fluxes(a mixture of potassium fluoro-aluminates) were used to improve surface cleanliness of base metal and wettability of Al-Si-X filler metal. It was melted at the temperature about 1$0^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the filler metal, and made appropriate brazing environment. Therefore, it could be a proper selection as flux.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.174-174
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• 2003

Highly (111)-oriented PZT [Pb(Zrl-xTix)O3] thin films in the Zr-rich rhombohedral phase-field were successfully fabricated on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by combining PLD method with sol-gel process. These highly (111)-oriented films can be used as model systems for polarized Raman scattering study of PZT in the rhombohedral-Phase field because the (111)-direction is the principal off-center axis of the rhombohedral ferroelectricity. For this purpose, we have fabricated PZT films employing two distinctive compositions : one with Zr/Ti = 90/10 (abbreviated as PZT90/10) and the other with Zr/Ti= 60/40 (PZT60/40). The PZT90/10 film belongs to the octahedrally distorted FR(LT) phase with a cell-doubled structure, whereas the PZT60/40 is in the high-temperature FR(HT) phase-field at room temperature. To clearly separate E(TO) phonon modes from Al(TO) modes of the (111)-oriented rhombohedral film, we have suitably devised Z(X,Y)Z and Z(X,X)Z backscattering geometries for E(TO) and Al (TO), respectively. The polarized scattering experiment demonstrated that both types of (111)-oriented rhombohedral films closely followed the Raman selection rule.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

The Ac (activator) which is one of the well-characterized transposable elements from maize was examined for its transposition possibility to the heterologous plant (P.nigra x maximowiczii) genome via Agrobacterium tumefacience (LBA4404) mediated transformation system. A number of transgenic plants were successfully recovered after 30 weeks by amount reduction from 50 to 15 g/$m\ell$ kanamycin for in vitro selection to minimize phytotoxic effects and to increase callus growth and regeneration efficiency. Among transgenic plants, 62 out of 106 transgenic poplars (58.5%) showed abnormal phenotypes such as severe serrated leaves and light leaf coloration. Indigo staining with X-gluc proved indirectly the restoration of Gus enzyme function and the presence of Ac in poplar genome by PCR. Southern analysis indicated the transposition and existence of Ac element in poplar genomes. In this research, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in poplar species was developed and identified that Ac derived from maize can be excised and trans posed into other poplar genomes.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.307-309
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• 1996

A new design scheme of actively-shielded x,y-gradient coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) is proposed. An actively-shielded x-gradient coil has been designed as an example and the results are presented. In MRI, gradient coils are needed for spatial selection and position coding to obtain the position information of the NMR signal. They are usually switched on and off during imaging and the eddy current induced by the current switching usually degrades the final image quality To reduce or remove this kind of problems, the active shielding has been proposed few years ago. In this paper, a new design scheme for actively-shielded x,y-gradient coils, namely, a minimum-power design scheme using current-loop elements, has been proposed. Its utility in designing MRI gradient coils has been shown by using simulation. The design scheme seems to be useful for actively-shielded transverse gradient coils, even of non-cylindrical or of arbitrary-selected shapes.