• 치위생과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2003

치과의료 종사자의 연봉제 도입에 대한 의식 고찰을 통하여 연봉제에 대한 바람직한 방향 설정과 활성화 방안을 모색하는 계기를 마련하고자 문헌과 자료를 조사하고, 전국 치과 병, 의원에 종사는 구성원 95명을 대상으로 2002년 4월부터 8월까지 약 5개월 동안 설문조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 근무하는 병원의 형태에 따라 연봉제에 대한 인식을 살펴본 결과, 치과병원의 종사자가 치과의원의 종사자보다 연봉제 실시로 인한 경영참여의식(p<.001)과 업무생산성의 향상(p<.01), 목표달성에 대한 사명감(p<.01), 장래에 대한 불안감(p<.05)에 대해 더 높은 인식을 보였다. 2. 연봉제에 대한 치과의사와 치과위생사의 인식을 살펴본 결과, 치과의사가 치과위생사보다 연봉제 실시로 인한 성과평가의 공정성(p<.01)과 능력발휘 풍토변화(p<.01), 업무생산성의 향상(p<.001), 목표달성에 대한 사명감(p<.001), 그리고 연봉제에 대해 높은 인식(p<.01)을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 3. 근무경력에 따라 연봉제에 대한 인식을 살펴본 결과, 근무경력이 오래될수록 업무의 엄격성 강화정도(p<.05)와 단기 업적주의 치중 가능성(p<.05)에 대해 높은 인식을 보였으며, 3~5년 종사자가 다른 종사자보다 근무시간의 변화(p<.01)에 대해 높은 인식을 보였고, 2년 이하의 종사자가 연봉제에 대해 가장 높은 인식(p<.05)을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 4. 연봉제가 성과를 거두기 위한 전제조건으로 평가결과의 공정성이 전제되어야 한다고 인식하는 치과의료 종사자가 31.6%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 노사 상호간의 이해와 신뢰구축 26.3%, 연봉제의 구성원들에 대한 긍정적인 태도 16.8%, 연봉제에 대한 최고경영자(주체)의 확고한 신념 12.3%, 연봉산정의 기준이 되는 목표치의 달성가능 10.5% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 치과의원 종사자가 치과병원 종사자보다 연봉제가 성과를 거두기 위해서는 연봉제의 구성원에 대한 긍정적인 태도(p<.05)가 전제되어야 한다고 인식하였고, 치과의사가 치과위생보다 연봉산정의 기준이 되는 목표치의 달성가능(p<.001)이 전제되어야 한다고 인식하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2021

본 연구는 요양병원에 근무하는 치료사의 코로나19 대응 전략 및 치료실 감염관리 시스템 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 치료사의 감염관리 업무 이해를 돕고자 실시한 질적 연구이다. 연구방법은 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 적용하였다. 요양병원에서 근무 중인 작업치료사와 물리치료사 9명을 대상으로 전화 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰 내용은 연구대상자의 동의하에 녹음하였으며, 추가적인 내용 확인은 이메일로 받았다. 녹음된 내용은 전사 뒤 분석하여, 코로나19에 대처한 경험의 의미와 본질을 기술하였다. 인터뷰 내용은 6개의 주제와 17개의 중심의미, 49개의 의미단위로 정리하였다. 코로나19 상황에 따라 요양병원 내 감염관리 교육 강화, 감염관리 실천, 업무시간 외 감염관리 감독으로 감염관리 시스템이 강화되었으며, 치료실 내 거리두기 실천, 업무시간 내 휴식 및 식사시간 조정, 감염관리 강화로 치료활동 제약으로 치료 환경이 변화된 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 치료사의 역할이 확대되고 언택트 중재방법에 대한 고려하는 등 치료의 패러다임이 변화되었으며, 코호트 격리, 코로나19 사전검사, 백신접종과 부작용 경험으로 코로나19에 따른 새로운 경험을 하였음을 확인하였다. 하지만 감염업무로 인해 치료사의 업무 부담이 가중되고, 코로나19 확산에 따른 두려움과 우울감, 업무 스트레스를 겪고 있으며, 백신접종 후 휴식 보장, 감염관리 도구 및 장비 지원 등 요양병원 치료인력 지원의 필요성도 인식하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 요양병원 치료실 내 감염병 대응 전략 프로그램 개발 및 요양병원 감염관리를 위한 인적, 물적 지원의 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

활어수송전의 가두기와 활어수송 스트레스에 대한 넙치의 생리학적 반응을 조사하고자, 수송전후의 채혈시각에 따라 3그룹으로 나누어 실험하였다. 실험어류로 양식장에서 사육중인 넙치 성어(839.6$\pm$ 162.7 g, 넙치대)와 유어(98.2$\pm$14.8 g, 넙치소)를 이용하였다. 수송은 제주에서 부산까지 15시간 실시하였다. 넙치대의 cortisol농도는 수송 3시간전 4.2 ng/ml로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 92.0 ng/ml, 수송중 118.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 105.5 ng/ml로 차이를 나타냈다. B그룹은 3시간 가두기후 47.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 53.5 ng/ml로 높아졌다. C그룹은 수송중 43.5 ng/ml로부터 수송직후 71.5 ng/ml로 더욱 높아졌다. 넙치대치 glucose 농도는 수송 3시간전 39.5 mg/dl로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 121.0 mg/dl, 수송중 298.0 mg/dl, 수송직후 260.5 mg/dl로 높아졌다. Lactic acid농도는 넙치대에서 수송 3시간전 0.6 mmol/L로부터 수송직후에 A, B 및 C의 모든 그룹에서 0.9~12.0 mmol/L로 높아진 반면, 넙치소에서는 수송 3시간전 1.0 mmol/L로부터 수송직후까지 0.6~1.5 mmol/L로 낮았다. 넙치대의 삼투질 농도는 수송 3시간전 405.5 mOsm/kg으로부터 A그룹은 496.0~526.0 mOsm/kg, B그룹은 479.0~524.5 mOsm/kg, C그룹은 520.5~529.0 mOsm/kg으로 높아졌다. 결론적으로, 가두기 및 수송각업은 넙치의 혈장 cortisol, glucose, 삼투질 농도, ALT, hematocrit, 적혈구수 및 hemoglobin에 영향을 미쳤으며, 넙치소의 스트레스 반응은 넙치대 보다 적게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 가두기와 활어수송시 혈액내 cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, 삼투질 농도 및 혈액의 일반성상에 대한 기준치를 제시함으로써, 넙치의 생산성 향상과 가자미류의 생리연구에 활용될 것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual condition of consciousness that the students in Dept. of dental hygiene who will be engaged in dental hygiene at a dental office in the future have about a clinical training, to see whether there is any difference between the results, and then to provide fundamental data which can be helpful to develop more effective clinical training programs. For this, we investigated consciousness, that 114 daytime school students and evening school students(76 daytime school students and 38 evening school students) in Dept. of dental hygiene in J college have, using questionnaires on clinical training with Self-Administrated Method. SPSS 12.0 for Windows was used to analyze all of the questionnaires, and the results analyzed at meaningful level a=.05 are like followings: 1. The degree of satisfaction on clinical training was high as average 3.30 ; it was high in case of night training as 3.34, and of a dental office in a general hospital and an university hospital as 3.83. The degree of stress caused by clinical training was high as average 3.30, and it means that they are under relatively heavy pressure ; it was shown they got the most heavy stress as 3.39 at night, as 3.68 at a dental clinic 2. The students showed the highest tendency to recognize that clinical training is needed "for learning various clinical case experiences" as average 3.54 ; the students trained at daytime showed the highest average 3.55, and at a clinical hospital, the highest average 3.64. 3. In the study on an actual condition of consciousness about clinical training according to class difference by time(at day time and at night), there is meaningful difference between two kinds of class ; the students trained at day time showed average 2.68 that they don't like to attend, on the other hand the students at night showed higher average 2.84(p<.05). In the study on an actual condition of consciousness about clinical training according to the institutions they are trained, there is meaningful difference at satisfaction on learning method and amount of assignment : they show the highest degree of satisfaction on the learning method in case of working at a dental office in a general hospital and an university hospital as average 3.3(p<.0.1) ; the amount of assignment was shown most high at a dental clinic and a dental office in a general hospital and an university hospital as average 3.00 each(p<.05). 4. In the study of the degree of satisfaction on the clinical training, it has relatively high connections with learning contents(r=.656), learning methods(r=.497), special lessons and supplementary lessons(r=.472), the case they don't like attend at work (r=-.439), discriminatory treatment(r=-.25l), respectability on the senior dental hygienists(r=.464), a social status of a dental hygienist(r=.213), the degree of satisfaction from the relationship with other dental hygienists(r=.274), the degree of understanding which clinical training institutions have on the trained students(r=.494), trainers' ability to teach the students(r=.499). enthusiasm on guiding (r=.523), the amount of assignment(r=.333). 5. In the study on stress they got from a clinical training, it has relatively high connections with learning contents(r=-.399). learning methods(r=-.536), comprehension on training program(r=-.208), special lessons and supplementary lessons(r=-.306), the case they don't like attend at work(r=.467), discriminatory treatment(r=.366), respectability on the senior dental hygienists(r=-.341), a social status of a dental hygienist(r=-.l97), the degree of satisfaction from the relationship with another dental hygienists(r=-.289), the degree of understanding which clinical training institutions have on the trained students(r=-.430), trainers' ability to teach the students(r=-.396), enthusiasm on guiding(r=-.495).

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.212-228
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• 2013

파손된 석조문화재를 재사용하기 위한 방법으로 금속보강재를 사용하게 되는데 현재까지 보강재에 대한 보존처리 지침 없이 처리자의 경험에 의해서 이루어지다 보니 여러 가지 문제점이 도출되고 있다. 따라서 2차적인 원부재의 훼손을 최소화하기 위한 금속봉의 구조적 보강방법과 거동 특성 등을 제안된 실험체를 통해 검증 받아 금속보강재 매입방법에 관한 설계기준을 마련하고자 하였다. 절단면에 에폭시수지 접합만 할 경우 원 모재 물성의 70% 정도밖에 회복되지 않아 30%에 대한 금속보강재의 구조적 보강이 필요하다. 금속봉은 석재 취성파괴 후 구조적 거동을 받는데 금속보강재비가 0.251% 이하로 설계되면 구조적 거동은 발생하지 않으며, 0.5% 이상이면 구조적 보강은 이루어지나 모재의 2차 훼손을 유발시킨다. 따라서 $1,500kgf/cm^2$ 강도를 갖는 석재의 적정 금속보강재비는 접착단면적의 0.283~0.377% 정도로 설계되어야 가역성 있는 파손과 보강재의 연성거동이 이루어진다. 또한 휨 하중에 대응되는 금속봉의 최대 응력을 기대하기 위해서는 보강재 간격을 멀리하는 것보다 가깝게 유지하는 것이 효율적이며, 특히 상부에 보강재를 매입하는 것은 구조적으로 아무런 도움이 되지 못하고 오히려 원부재의 손상만 유발한다. 따라서 보강재는 하부에 집중배치하고 일부 중앙부에 매입하여야 안정적인 인장재 역할을 하면서 하중응력을 받는다. 금속봉의 분산효과는 보강봉의 면적에 영향을 받을 뿐 지름과는 무관하였다. 하지만 큰 규모를 대상으로 할 때는 접착 단면을 고려하여 보강재 개수를 늘려주는 것이 하중응력에 안정적이다. 이때 적용되는 정착길이는 보강재의 직경에 따라 다음과 같은 식($l_d=a_tf_y/u{\Sigma}_0$)에 의거하여 설계한다. 또한 구조재로서 거동을 하기 위해서는 반드시 마디가 있는 전산형 보강봉을 사용하여야 한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.149-165
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• 1997

In order that, investigating the feature of patients suffering arthritis, analysing its contents, and grasping a Primary factor affecting it, I might offerbasic datas which could help to plan and perform healthy affairs to thake precautions beforehand, I have investigated, analysed, and studied a total of 320 patients suffering arthritis, who have received physiotherapy in hospital located in Teaegu area for five months, from November 1 1995 to March 30 1996, of which summary and conclusion is this. 1. The general feature of patients in investigative objects In the distribution of the distinction of sex, men accounted for 26.9% and women, for 73.1%, and, in the fistribution of age, 60-year-old or more, most for 27.2% and from 20 to 29 years old, least for 14.0%. In the distinction of a vocation, housewives most accounted for 34.7% and students(jobless men), least for 19.3%. In the distinction of a matrimonial state, married persons most accounted for 76.7% and people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), least for 11.4%. In the distinction of an economic state, the middle classes most accounted for 73.5% and the upper classes, least for 2.9%. In the distinction of their academic careers, graduates of a primary school most accounted for 26.9% and graduates of university, for 14.1%, of which patients, having the ability to decode the national language, reached to 11.3%. In the distinction of the house form, people living in independent houses most accounted for 76.4% and residents in apartment(having an elevator), least for 9.4%. 2. In the distribution of the recurring state in the distinction of the feature, the recurring group was more than the group of patients falling that ill at first as 62.2% and in the distinction of the feature of the recurring group, the recurring group turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), students (joblessmen), people working in farming, stockbeeding, forestry, fisheries, a simple labour, graduates of a primary school I having the ability to decode the national language, the upper classes, people part two years since they begined to suffer arthritis, people who had members having ever experienced arthritis among families. 3. In the distribution of arthritis on the distinction of bodily pars, a knee articulation most accounted for 50.2% and the articulation of fingers, for 8.8%, wile the simultaneous, several parts (multiple) accounted for 35.1%. In the distinction of the feature, arthritis of a knee turned high in case of men being from 20s to 30s years old, unmarried persons, people having academic careers of university, the middle classes, residents in apartment (having stairs). In the dictnction of a feature the case of several parts (multiple) turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), people having the ability to decode th. national language, the graduates of a primary school, the upper classes, residents in apartment (having elevator). 4. In the distribution of arthritis on e distinction of a contracting term, two years or more most accounted for 51.6% and the case of contacting from one year to two years, for 15.3%. Analysing the distinction of the feature, the case of two years or more turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce separation by death, separation), the upper classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, residents in apartment (having elevator). 5. In the distribution of an treatment institution before patients came to help, their not curing most accounted for 39.1%, general, orthopedic, neurological surgery (physical therapy), for. 20.0%, and th. therapy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), for 17.5%, and a pharmacy (medical therapy), for 13.4%. The case of patients not curing, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in case of men 20s years old, unmarried, the lower classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having elevator). 6. In e distribution of the extent of satisfaction with treatment, common most accounted for 54.4% and some satisfaction, for 32.8%. The case of common, in the distinction of a feature, turned high, in case of men living alone from 50s to 60s years old (divorce, separation by death, separation), married persons, the upper classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in independent house, residents in apartment (having elevator), 7. In the distribution of the degree of knowledge of the cause of arthritis, patients knowing that the cause is to use very much a articulation in normal times most accounts for 60.1%, and patients knowing the state of short nutrition as a cause, for 2.5%. The case of patients knowing that the cause is to use very much in normal times, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in·case of ment being 20s and 60s years old or more, unmarried persons, e lower classes, people having the ability to decode. the national language, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having stairs), 8. In the distribution of the state of physical exercise before arthritis contracted, patients exercising very much on the whole most accpimend for 40.3%, and patients not exercising, for 34.7%. The case of patients exercising very much on the whole, in the distinction of the feature, turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), the lower classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, graduates of a primary school, residents in apartment (having elevator). 9. In the taste of patients suffering from arthritis, while the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group didn't smoke cigarets, during alcohol and coffee on the whole, and the group of patients falling once again that ill drank a cup of distilled linquor and three cup of coffee or more on the whole per one day, and the group of patients falling that ill at first liked sort of vegetables and the recurring group liked very much sons of vegetables and fresh and meat in their loving food normal times. 10. Analysing the distribution on the dining table used by patients and the structure of a powder room, at first, in the structure of a powder room, the group of patients filling that ill have a toilet stool using as their sits, and a Bush toilet on the whole, and the recurring group, a toilet stool using as their sits and conventional type, and in the structure of a dinning table, the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group turned high, each as 66.9% and 6.3%, who have a dining table carring here and there. 11. In the distribution of patients of arthritis in relation to stress, the case that they feeled severly symptoms of arthritis when thay got stress, turned high, each, as 78.6% in the recurring poop, and the case not knowing, as 61.5% in the first group. In the extent of stress normal times, the case that they got much stress on the whole turned high, each, as 72.4% in e recurring group, and the care that got less stress on the whole, as 60.0%. 12. In the distribution on the distinction of symptoms and impedimental extent, the recurring group turned high in each variable. Analysing the feature of the recurring group, in the distinction of symptoms, the case that they fooled much that the node of an articulation is stiff, turned high, as 71.6, and in the distinction of treatment before. patients came to helpk, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (physical theraphy), as 84.4%, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), as 73.2%, and in the distinction of the satisfing extent on treatment, the case of comman, as 72.3%, and in the cause of arthritis, the case not recruiting their health after a birth, as 68.5%, and the case not recovering wholely an articulation having got hurt, as 62.8%, and in the state of physical exercise before they begined suffering from arthritis, the case exercising very much on the whole, (as 74.2%), and in the extent of subjective impediment, the case of not being able to act almost, as 66.7%, the case of acting but feeling some hard, as 66.3%. 13. The correlation in variables in relation to arthritis Analysing realted variables, the recurring frequency showed correlation with such as the extent that patients got stress normal times, and the exercising state before suffering arthritis, and showed contra-correlation with academic careers, the wights, coffee. The cigaret, e loving food of taste, showed corralation with the weight, stature, alcohole as the loving food of taste. On the basis of this result medical members of heal, who are related to the regular education, public education or development of this program, should be concerned to prevent orthris.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-87
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• 1981

The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1％ indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0％ of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1％ of nursing student and 74.7％ of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6％ satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9％ were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l％ were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried； 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p ＜ 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96％ of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2010

황해 광역 해양생태계(YSLME) 프로젝트의 목적을 소개하고 구체적인 활동을 서술하였다. YSLME는 생산성이 높으나 가장 오염이 많이 되어 있는 곳이기도 하다. YSLME 프로젝트의 목적은 경계진단분석을 통해 파악된 환경문제의 피해를 전략 실행 프로그램(SAP)을 통해 줄이는데 있다. 생물다양성을 위협하는 가장 주요한 원인은 갯벌간척등을 통한 서식지 훼손이다. 1900년대 초 이래로 한국측 갯벌 40% 이상, 중국측 갯벌의 60% 이상이 훼손된 상태다. 남획과 오염등은 연안환경의 생물다양성 손실을 가져온다. 이 손실을 막기 위한 실행프로그램으로 정치가, 공무원, 과학자, 학생, 일반시민등 다양한 시민계층을 대상으로 환경의식을 고취시키는 켐페인을 벌여왔다. 또한 다른 시민환경단체와 연대하여 황해 파트너쉽을 구성하였다. 환경단체들은 국제기구 단체들과 달리 지역주민과 공고한 네트워크를 가지고 있기 때문에 지역의 환경보존노력을 위한 매우 중요한 파트너로 인식되고 있다. 소규모 지원프로젝트를 통해 환경단체들을 효과적으로 연계시킬 수 있었다. 세계야생동물기금 및 기타 연구기관과 공동연구를 통해 YSLME의 SAP를 수립하기 위한 생물다양성 평가 보고서를 발간하였다. SAP에서는 생물다양성을 위한 지역별 목표를 다음과 같이 설정하였다: 서식밀도 증대, 멸종위기종을 포함한 모든 생물종의 분포와 유전적 다양성 확보, 2007년 표준지침에 의거한 서식지 유지, 외래종 유입 위협의 감소. YSLME 프로젝트의 다음단계는 SAP를 승인하고 이를 성공적으로 이행함으로써 미래세대를 위한 생물다양성을 유지하는 것이다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.135-158
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• 2020

카지노에서는 고객과 종사원의 안전을 관리하는 시큐리티 종사원들이 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 특히 카지노에는 여성 종사원들의 비율이 높으며, 고객들 또한 여성과 남성의 비율이 비슷하기 때문에 여성 고객 혹은 여성 종사원이 사건 사고를 경험할 확률이 남성과 비슷하거나 높을 수도 있는 상황이다. 여성의 사건사고를 처리하는 여성 시큐리티 종사원은 여성 고객과 일반 여성 종사원들에게는 여성만이 할 수 있는 시큐리티 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 하지만 카지노에서 시큐리티 업무를 수행하는 종사원들은 대부분 남성이며, 여성의 비율은 매우 낮다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 카지노에서 여성으로서 시큐리티 업무를 수행하고 있는 종사원들에 관한 연구로서 이들이 카지노에서 시큐리티 업무를 수행하며 경험한 다양한 내용에 대해서 알아보기 위해 질적연구를 진행하였다. 총 5명의 연구 참여자들에게 총 3회에 걸쳐 인터뷰를 실시하여 수집된 자료를 분석하고 범주화 하였다. 첫 번째 질문인 카지노 시큐리티 업무의 시작 동기에 대한 요인은 교수님의 추천, 개인의 정보검색, 지인의 추천이다. 두 번째 질문인 업무 시 필요 능력에 대한 요인은 다양한 운동 능력, 좋은 신체조건, 외국어 능력이다. 세 번째 질문에서 업무의 만족요인은 업무의 희소성, 급여의 만족, 개인의 적성과 일치, 미래에 대한 기대감이며, 업무의 불만족 요인은 업무의 위험성, 고객에 대한 스트레스, 성별에 대한 차별, 주변의 시선, 교대 근무의 피곤함이다. 네 번째 질문에서 여성 카지노 시큐리티 종사원들의 필요성에 대한 요인은 여성 고객에게 차별화된 서비스 제공, 여성 종사원의 보호, 관련 전공 여성에게 기회 제공이다. 이렇게 나온 연구결과에 대해 카지노 시큐리티업무 20년 이상의 전문가와 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 여성 카지노 시큐리티 종사원은 필요요건이기 때문에 제도적, 인식적인 개선을 통해 발전 방향을 모색해야 한다고 하였다.