Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy (한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지)

The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy (한국해양환경•에너지학회)
권호 표지

Biodiversity Conservation and the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Project

생물다양성 보전과 황해 광역 해양생태계 관리계획

  • Received : 2010.08.13
  • Accepted : 2010.11.22
  • Published : 2010.11.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The paper describes the objectives of Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) project, focusing on procedural and practical aspects. YSLME is a highly productive sea yet possibly one of the most impacted large marine ecosystems, in terms of anthropogenic stressors, due the enormous coastal population. The aim of the YSLME project is the reduction of ecosystem stress through identification of the environmental problems in the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) that are then addressed in the Strategic Action Programme (SAP). One of the major problems found to be affecting biological diversity is habitat modification through wetland reclamation, conversion and degradation. Since the early 1900's more than 40% of intertidal wetlands have been reclaimed in Korea, and 60% of Chinese coastal wetlands have been converted or reclaimed. Damaging fishing practices, pollution and coastal eutrophication have further degraded the coastal environment reducing the biological diversity. To combat this loss, the YSLME project has mounted a public awareness campaign to raise environmental consciousness targeted at all different levels of society, from politicians at parliamentary workshops, local government officer training events, scientific conferences and involvement of scientists in the project research and reporting, to university and high school students in our visiting internship programmes and environmental camps. We have also built networks through the Yellow Sea Partnership and by liaising and working with other environmental organizations and NGOs. NGO's are recognised as important partners in the environmental conservation as they already have extensive local networks that can be lacking in international organisations. Effective links have been built with many of these NGOs through the small grants programme. Working with WWF's YSESP project and other academic and research institutions we have conducted our own biodiversity assessments that have contributed to the science-based development of the SAP for the YSLME. Our regional targets for biodiversity outlined in the SAP include: Improvements in the densities, distributions and genetic diversity of current populations of all living organisms including endangered and endemic species; Maintenance of habitats according to standards and regulations of 2007; and a reduction in the risk of introduced species. Endorsement of the SAP and its successful implementation, during the proposed second phase of the YSLEM project, will ensure that biological diversity is here to benefit future generations.

황해 광역 해양생태계(YSLME) 프로젝트의 목적을 소개하고 구체적인 활동을 서술하였다. YSLME는 생산성이 높으나 가장 오염이 많이 되어 있는 곳이기도 하다. YSLME 프로젝트의 목적은 경계진단분석을 통해 파악된 환경문제의 피해를 전략 실행 프로그램(SAP)을 통해 줄이는데 있다. 생물다양성을 위협하는 가장 주요한 원인은 갯벌간척등을 통한 서식지 훼손이다. 1900년대 초 이래로 한국측 갯벌 40% 이상, 중국측 갯벌의 60% 이상이 훼손된 상태다. 남획과 오염등은 연안환경의 생물다양성 손실을 가져온다. 이 손실을 막기 위한 실행프로그램으로 정치가, 공무원, 과학자, 학생, 일반시민등 다양한 시민계층을 대상으로 환경의식을 고취시키는 켐페인을 벌여왔다. 또한 다른 시민환경단체와 연대하여 황해 파트너쉽을 구성하였다. 환경단체들은 국제기구 단체들과 달리 지역주민과 공고한 네트워크를 가지고 있기 때문에 지역의 환경보존노력을 위한 매우 중요한 파트너로 인식되고 있다. 소규모 지원프로젝트를 통해 환경단체들을 효과적으로 연계시킬 수 있었다. 세계야생동물기금 및 기타 연구기관과 공동연구를 통해 YSLME의 SAP를 수립하기 위한 생물다양성 평가 보고서를 발간하였다. SAP에서는 생물다양성을 위한 지역별 목표를 다음과 같이 설정하였다: 서식밀도 증대, 멸종위기종을 포함한 모든 생물종의 분포와 유전적 다양성 확보, 2007년 표준지침에 의거한 서식지 유지, 외래종 유입 위협의 감소. YSLME 프로젝트의 다음단계는 SAP를 승인하고 이를 성공적으로 이행함으로써 미래세대를 위한 생물다양성을 유지하는 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. An, S., Li, H., Guan, B., Zhou, C., Wang, Z., Zifa, D., Zhi, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, C., Fang, S., Jiang, J., Li, H., 2007, China's Natural Wetlands: Past Problems, Current Status, and Future Challenges, Ambio, Vol.36, No.4, 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[335:CNWPPC]2.0.CO;2
  2. Barter, M., 2002, Shorebirds of the Yellow Sea, Wetlands International-Oceania, Canberra, Australia.
  3. Barter, M., 2003, The Yellow Sea - a race against time, Wader Study Group Bull., Vol.100, 111-113.
  4. Cheng, J.H., Ding, F.Y., Li, S.F., Yan, L.P., Ling, J.Z., Li, J.S., Liu, Y., 2005, A study on the quantity distribution of macro-jellyfish and its relationship to seawater temperature and salinity in the East China Sea Region, Ecologica Sinica, Vol.25, 440-455.
  5. Hwang, M., 1999, Coastal Land-use Change by Reclamation of Tidal Flats along the Western Coast of the Capital Region in Korea, In: Otsubo, K. (ed), NIES Workshop on Information Bases and Modeling for Land-use and Land-cover Changes Studies in East Asia, NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Tsukuba, JAPAN, www-cger.nies.go.jp/lugec/Proceedings/12)Manik%20 Hwang.pdf.
  6. IUCN-WCPA, 2008, Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks-Making It Happen, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas ( IUCN-WCPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D.C.
  7. Kim, R.H., 2006, National implementation of the Ramsar Convention and the legal pretection of coastal wetlands in Korea, Ph.D. thesis, Auckland, New Zealand.
  8. Moores, N., Kim, S.-K., Park, S.-B., Tobai, S., 2001, Yellow Sea Ecoregion: Reconnaissance report on identification of important wetland and marine areas for biodiversity conservation, Vol.2: South Korea, WWF-Japan, Wetlands International China Programme, Birds Korea.
  9. Park, G.S., Choi, K.H., Lee, S.M., Lim, S.M., 2009, Biodiversity survey in the three critical habitats of the West Coast of Korea, UNDP/GEF Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Project and Hanyang University.
  10. Park, G.S., Lee, S.M., Lim, S.M., 2008, Identification of critical habitats: Habitat classification and selection of representative habitats in the West Coast of Korea, UNDP/GEF YSLME project, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
  11. Purcell, J.E., Uye, S., Lo, W.T., 2007, Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol.350, 153-174. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07093
  12. Sherman, K., 2006, The large marine ecosystem network approach to WSSD targets, Ocean Coast. Manage., Vol.49, 640-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.06.012
  13. UNDP/GEF, 2007a, Transboundary diagnostic analysis for the Yellow Sea LME, UNDP/GEF project: Reducing environmental stress in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
  14. UNDP/GEF, 2007b, The Yellow Sea: Analysis of the environmental status and trends, Vol.1: National reports - China. UNDP/GEF project: "Reducing environmental stress in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem", Ansan, Republic of Korea.
  15. UNDP/GEF, 2007c, The Yellow Sea: Analysis of the environmental status and trends, Vol.2: National reports - Republic of Korea. UNDP/GEF project: "Reducing environmental stress in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem", Ansan, Republic of Korea.
  16. UNDP/GEF, 2007d, The Yellow Sea: Analysis of the environmental status and trends, Vol.3: Regional synthesis reports. UNDP/GEF project: "Reducing environmental stress in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem", Ansan, Republic of Korea.
  17. UNEP-WCMC, 2008, National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas: A Review of Progress, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.
  18. Xian, W.W., Kang, B., Liu, R.Y., 2005, Jellyfish blooms in the Yangtze Estuary, Science, Vol.307, 41-41.
  19. Yuan, J., Dong, Y., Chen, K., Li, L., Ma, Z., Tobai, S., Barter, M., Moores, N., 2001, Yellow Sea Ecoregion: Reconnaissance report on identification of important wetland and marine areas for biodiversity conservation, Vol.1: China. WWF-Japan, Wetlands International China Programme, Birds Korea.
  20. Zhang, X., 2009, Identification of critical habitats: Habitat classification, selection and assessment of representative habitats in the Yellow Sea Coast of China, UNDP/GEF YSLME project, Ansan, Republic of Korea.