• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

본 연구는 공간 특성이 서로 다른 주거공간과 사무공간의 조명환경 평가구조에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 파악하고, 분위기항목과 행위항목과의 관계를 정립하는데 목적을 두고 먼저 조명환경에 대한 평가항목으로써 20개의 분위기항목과 15개의 행위항목을 선정하였다. 그리고 SD법에 의한 주관평가실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 공간의 특성이 달라도 조명환경의 분위기평가는 <활동성>, <안정감>, <고급감>의 3인자로 설명이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 행위 인자에 있어서는 주거공간의 경우 <작업행위>,<휴식행위>,<오락행위>의 3인자가 추출되었고, 사무공간의 경우 <작업행위>, <비작업행위>의 2인자가 추출되었다. 주거공간에서의 3가지 행위인자를 설명하는데 있어서 가장 커다란 영향을 미치는 분위기인자는 <활동성>인자로 나타났으며, 사무공간의 경우, <작업행위>는 <활동성>인자가, <비작업행위>는 <고급감>인자가 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was undertaken in order to evaluate by work space zoning and structure the concentrations of biological contaminants in the indoor air of domestic office buildings. Methods: Air samples were collected in the office spaces of 15 office buildings in Seoul from June 28 to July 28, 2011. Prior to the sampling, each office was classified into 'open-plan office', 'cellular office' and 'mixed office' according to the work space zoning. To evaluate the biological contamination of indoor air, total suspended bacteria (TSB), Gram positive bacteria (GPB), Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and fungi were investigated. During the sampling, temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were measured. Results: The TSB concentrations ($GM{\pm}GSD$) were $452({\pm}1.3)cfu/m^3$ in open-plan offices, $366({\pm}1.3)cfu/m^3$ in cellular offices and $287({\pm}1.5)cfu/m^3$ in mixed offices, and there were significant differences between the three groups (p<0.05). The highest concentrations ($GM{\pm}GSD$) of fungi were found in the indoor air of cellular offices $128({\pm}1.0)cfu/m^3$, which was at least three times higher than the concentrations in mixed offices $43({\pm}1.0)cfu/m^3$ (p<0.05). Conclusions: Microbiological contamination in the indoor air of office buildings by work space structure was the highest with the open-plan office layout which includes no high walls or doors separating the occupants.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.251-252
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• 2015

Enough school facility maintenance data should be accumulated in a database or data warehouse in order to supply information about school facility correct maintenance budget plan, budget assignment, and cycle and rate of maintenance or replacement. For those, this research analyze the present school facility maintenance practice and budget and construction cost structure. In order to solve the problems, this study analyze the present practice of maintenance and replacement and obtain LCC(Life cycle cost) data, perform expert interview and then establish construction work breakdown structure of maintenance of educational facility by combining work breakdown structure(WBS) and cost breakdown structure(CBS).

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.221-234
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• 2000

본 연구는 1970년대 이후 포스트 모더니즘 예술가들의 작품공간에서 나타나고 있는 해체적 방식의 공간개념 고찰을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 예술가들의 세계관 변화에 따른 20세기 후기 시대 포스트모더니즘 시각예술 작품에 나타난 복잡계(complex System)의 특성들을 20세기 전기 시대 모더니즘 시각예술 작품에 나타난 단순계(simple System)의 특성들과 비교하여, 그 특성들이 작품형식의 특징을 이루어 주는 구성체계와 어떤 상관관계를 맺으며 조형적 체계화의 변수를 갖게 되는가에 대한 탐구이다. 따라서 그 구성체계들과 변수에 대한 이론적 접근방법으로서는 예술작업에서 기본적 형태 구성 방법으로 사용되는 질서체계의 의미 즉, 모듈(module) 개념을 르 꼬르뷔제(Le Corbusier)의 이론을 통하여 살펴보고, 예술작업에서의 형태구조를 랭거(Suzanne langer)의 형태론 연구에서 정의된 '생명체의 법칙(the law of living form) 즉, '유기체의 원리(the principles of organization)'로 볼 수 있을 때, 인체나 자연 생태계의 성장구조에서 나타나는 유기체적 구조라고 보며, 모듈의 법칙을 지배하는 원리를 햄비지(Jay Hambidge)가 주장하는 다이내믹 시미트리(dynamic symmetry)로서 작품 공간을 산술분석 하였다. 이로써 20세기 전기 시대와 후기 시대의 시각예술 작품에서 나타난 양식의 특성들을 제시작품을 통하여 그 내용면과 형식면에서 차이를 비교 분석할 수 있었으며 이를 통해 20세기 후기 포스트 모더니즘 시각예술 작품에서 나타나는 복잡계의 특성들이 새로운 조형적 체제화의 변수에 작용하는 원리를 다음과 같이 다음과 같이 제안할 수 있게 되었다. 첫째, 작품공간에서의 모듈은 다이내믹 시미트리로부터 만들어지고 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 모듈은 다이내믹 시미트리의 필요충분 조건인 만족스럽고(acceptable), 효율적이며(effcient), 융통적이고(flexible), 적응력이 뛰어난(adaptable) 인간적 요구사항을 충족시켜야 한다. 셋째, 다이내믹 시미트리는 역(逆, reciprocity)의 원리와 보상(補賞, complement)의 원리를 제 1의 구성원리로 하며 공간에서 서로에 대한 역과 공통성(common property)을 갖고 자기유사를 지닐 때 연속체(continuum)를 손상하지 않고 전체공간을 유기체적으로 분절한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

The total number of confined space accident cases from 1999 to 2007 in Korea were 220, causing 353 injuries and 212 casualties. Out of 220 cases, 44(20.0%) occurred in sewage treatment facilities and 40(18.2%) occurred in both manholes and containers. When the main causes of confined space accidents were classified, oxygen deficiency accounted for 69 cases(31.4%), carbon monoxide, 48(21.8%), hydrogen sulfide, 40(18.2%), and organic solvent, 32(14.5%). Improvement of occupational accident statistics is necessary in order to report accurate and precise data for confined space accidents. The structure of confined space must be considered when selecting gas to be measured.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 1996

The use of composite hyperpatch model is proposed to predict a machine tool positional error over the entire work space. This is an appropriate representation of the distorted work space. This model is valid for any configuration of 3-axis machine tool. Tool position, which is given NC data or CL data, contains error vector in actual work space. In this study, off-line compensation scheme was investigated for tool position error due to inaccuracy in machine tool structure. The error vector in actual work space is corrected by the error model using Newton-Raphson method. The proposed error compensation method shows the possibility of improving machine accuracy at a low cost.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2008

This study is about the Characteristic of glass outer skin expressions in space designs of contemporary society, due to the rapid development of information and digital technology. These days, the glass outer skin show the various images and space expressions which symbolize the informations and the society. The contemporary space designers focus on the glass as the structure materials, and purposely use the glass to achieve the structure concept which satisfies the needs of contemporary society. Therefore, it is a valuable work to analyze the meaning of glass, which has been used for the structure. Throughout the work which has been experienced by glass outer skin, theoretical studies have been achieved and recently the 14 examples were chosen as the glass structures based on the experimental research and frequency featured in magazines after year 2000, which we have analyzed in detail. Glass outer skin reflect the phrases of time in modern society, and throughout the meaning of it, we could see that the glass outer skin serve the roles in informations, interface, imaginary modernization, and as a landmark position. Therefore, in this study, we can make a definition of glass outer skin expression based on the situations of modem times by analyzing the symbolic meaning of glass outer skin in contemporary space designs.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2007

최근 정부의 주택보급정책 강화에 따라 공공아파트 건설공사의 건축공사비에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 현재 공공아파트 공사비내역 구성은 공종별 분류체계로 구성되어 있어, 공공아파트의 건축공사비를 체계적으로 예측하는 것은 현실적으로 많은 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공공아파트 프로젝트 기획 및 설계단계에서 좀 더 합리적인 공사비 예측을 위해, 델파이분석(Delphi)기법을 이용하여 공공아파트 공간별 공사비분류체계를 개발하였다. 공공아파트 공간별 공사비분류체계는 공공아파트의 공간별 특성을 반영하여 주택부문, 주택외부문, 가산부문 등으로 구분하였으며, 각각의 부문을 공간별 해당 부위와 각 세부공종으로 세분화하였다. 또한 구축된 공간별 공사비분류체계에 공공아파트 공사비 내역서를 분석하여 공간별 분류체계의 실용성 및 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.267-287
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• 2004

The study of a new expression within Korean ink painting that meets the demands of the times has continued, resulting in various expressions with acrylics, handycoat, objects and installations, crossing over from traditional Korean painting techniques. A 'margin' was both a very important space and esthetical matter that expresses 'Ki', 'Distance', and 'Omission' in traditional sense when addressing Korean ink painting Its expression methods and concepts, however, have changed today. A 'margin' through Montage technique can be a significant example in understanding the expression methods of today's Korean ink painting. This is because the margins in Montage make the meaning of the work various and flourished and deeply construct the surface with a double-layered structure, instead of using a single layer. These 'margins' created by Montage are spaces where different images conflict, divide and continue with each other and where a reconciliation between different spaces is accomplished. Furthermore, they establish more vitality and truthfulness to life through both the images conflict and reconciliation. After the adoption of Post-modernism Art in Korean ink painting, the characteristics of the 'margin' in Montage style by the division of surface are an 'acceptant's participatory imaginative space'; where viewers fill the margins with their imaginations ; an 'abandoned space' ; where unnecessary parts are deleted for more live surface ; and a 'strategic space', where the work enriches the structure and contents of surface by using margins strategically.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

Nature/Landscape is surrounding space in which we make living. It is considerably comprehensive tenn. but on the other hand, the site can be existence, experience, and certain circumstance with boundaries. Based on these places, through contemporary art criticism, this study is to contemplate how art since 1960s, especially, site-specific art in three-dimensional space intervene in the environment. Artists of today put more value on the process and act of art making founded on the external, and they tend to create the characteristic of site or to indicate linguistic documentation. Moreover, a large-scale tendency of contemporary sculpture and 'occupation of specific site' seems to accede spatial conception from architecture. The core that recognizes these artworks is with body, that is to say, the space in which Self becomes the subject by changing the structure of the work while moving around it. In particular, 'Site-specific Art (in situ)' sometimes determines the form inward or outward It also relates directly on viewer's five senses by looking, hearing, and feeling, touching, and interacting. For example, in Richard Serra's , the viewer who moves around the work has the role to manipulate the movement of the work by perception. Works of In situ and works that planned for specific site suggest 'occupation of site' as of the function of the work These sites are ideal and special as well as being independent. Ultimately, it seems that the creative process of contemporary artists is to carry those intended form on the structure of perception. Furthermore, law of nature such as entropy, and acceptance of contingency helped organic structure of artwork become more abundant. For Robert Smithson, entropy suggests of reaching to a state of equilibriumin which everything is the same. This means that any core is justifiable and any rank is possible. Because the world without a core is a labyrinth of boundless exploration.