• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2011

In the 21st century, people began to pay more attention on the culture, and the chances for them to participate in the cultural lives also increased. The spaces for entertainments can also be deemed as the center of the cultural contents. The entertainment is, in consideration of its definition by the literal meaning and the origin of the word itself, 'an act that entertains, or any artificial creation that is designed to give entertainment with a view to relieve the subjects from the burdens they have as they live.'Of the modem entertainment spaces, the one with the most profound visual manifestation of the entertainment element is the club. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence from the entertaining element manifested in the club spaces. Only until a few years back, the club spaces were deemed with negative impressions that comes with the more negative side of the entertaining world. But, recently such negative impressions are lift off considerably, and the club spaces are regarded with positive impressions as to be the kind of place where the young people can enjoy performances and other kind of culture in healthy atmosphere. In Chapter 2, we will examine the entertainment and the nature of the pleasure it gives, as well as the correlation between the entertaining environments and the pleasure they give. In chapter 3, the entertaining elements within such contexts are classified into the experience, form, color, objects, and the lightings and examine the characteristics of each of them. Also, the influences of these elements to the entertaining environment will be reviewed. In the case study in chapter 4, 9 overseas and domestic club spaces that were introduced in 'Interior World' magazines, that is, in the issues that are focused on 'Entertainment,'such as Issue 59, 68, and 79. As a result of the analysis, the influences of the entertaining, or pleasing, elements were discovered. The particular expression characteristics of the pleasing designs in the club spaces are, namely, the form elements, material elements, color elements, objects elements, and the lighting elements. As the society changes and the cultural level goes up, the club spaces are required to adopt more changes. Therefore, the pleasing elements of the space should receive further emphasis. These elements will act as a trend in the space and make the people appreciate the space more refreshing.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2003

Morphological analysis is the most widely used method for extracting nouns from Korean texts. For every Eojeol, in order to extract nouns from it, a morphological analyzer performs frequent dictionary lookup and applies many morphonological rules, therefore it requires many operations. Moreover, a morphological analyzer generates all the possible morphological interpretations (sequences of morphemes) of a given Eojeol, which may by unnecessary from the noun extraction`s point of view. To reduce unnecessary computation of morphological analysis from the noun extraction`s point of view, this paper proposes a method for Korean noun extraction considering noun occurrence characteristics. Noun patterns denote conditions on which nouns are included in an Eojeol or not, which are positive cues or negative cues, respectively. When using the exclusive information as the negative cues, it is possible to reduce the search space of morphological analysis by ignoring Eojeols not including nouns. Post-noun syllable sequences(PNSS) as the positive cues can simply extract nouns by checking the part of the Eojeol preceding the PNSS and can guess unknown nouns. In addition, morphonological information is used instead of many morphonological rules in order to recover the lexical form from its altered surface form. Experimental results show that the proposed method can speed up without losing accuracy compared with other systems based on morphological analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.859-870
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the fashion reflecting the aesthetic consciousness of a generation and age spirit and to study Mods-Look aesthetically by analyzing how Mods-Look expressed on the fashion magazines(Collezioni Donna) from 2001 to 2006 developed into a new form. 1960's Mods-Look appeared in the well known collections such as New York, Paris, Milan in the form of crossover or with a changed style. Especially after 2000's, in addition to the British fashion, even a new word Mods Story was created to prominently express the free style of the Mods spirit. The expressive characteristics represent 1) minimal style, 2) sports casual style, 3) vintage style, 4) dandy & androgynous style. In conclusion, Mods-Look in 21st fashion used to be street fashion started from minority subculture after world war II, but now suit of that time, geometrical pattern and sensibility are becoming design sources for the various fashion market from high fashion to sports look. Therefore, as young people are becoming the center of society in new millenium, sensibility of that time will be reinterpreted to design and Mods-Look will not be limited to subculture but reflected in design development fulfilling people's taste and new future fashion sense by compromising the past and new trend.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.341-366
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• 2012

'Headline Database of Newspaper Articles' is a database which contains about 141,500 newspaper articles from 1949 to March, 2009. They are collected from two perspectives; 'language' and 'language life' by KOKKEN. There were 3312 newspaper articles (about 2.34%) which included the word ONNA at 'Headline Database of Newspaper Articles'. The number of newspaper articles related to ONNA started to increase in 1975 but they decreased afterwards. They increased rapidly in 1980 and maintained the condition. However, they started to decrease rapidly in 1990 and maintained the decreased condition. They increased rapidly again in 2004 and 2007. The main causes of rapid increase were the commercial message of instant noodles "I am the one who is making. I am the one who is eating." in 1975, newspaper articles related to "Starting of full-scale studies on female language" in 1980, comments of "active women" and "men's crime" related to a murder case of an elementary school student in Sasebo City and mixed attendance books in 2004, a comment of "Women are machines which give birth to babies" in 2007. Those six causes of rapid increase suggested that the perception of gender such as 'Men need to work outside and Women need to do housework and take care of child' which was fixed until then was changing and becoming a stereotype of virtual reality rather than reality. The vocabulary related to ONNA appeared 3411 times among 3312 newspaper articles which included ONNA. Typical forms of the vocabulary related to ONNA were and . They appeared 2390 times and occupied 70% of the whole data. (3411 times) The form of ONNANOKO among the vocabulary related to ONNA appeared 113 times and occupied a high rate. ONNANOKO(113) and other words such as SHOJO(115), JOJI(28), YOJO(9) (152 in total) implied that appearing of young women at newspaper articles were increasing. Also, the vocabulary related to 'female language' such as ONNAKOTOBA(28) ONNANOKOTOBA(10) and a woman's heart such as ONNAGOKORO(35) and ONNANOKIMOCHI(34) appeared frequently. The vocabulary related to JOSEI were divided into <$JOSEI^{**}$> and <$^{**}JOSEI$>. <$JOSEI^{**}$> were mainly related to an occupation. <$^{**}JOSEI$> were mainly used to express women by regional groups such as or combined with modifiers to express women such as . In case with modifiers, WAKAIJOSEI appeared 35 times and showed the highest frequency. It had negative evaluations in many cases. The vocabulary related to JOSI appeared on the form of <$JOSI^{**}$> and mainly associated with 'a girl's school' and 'a female student'.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.427-447
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• 2011

In global, there is an active movement to reduce the green house gas. Allowance and carbon tax are the one of effective alternatives to mitigate green gas effect. In addition, the clean development machinism(CDM) can be applied between the ANNEX 1 and developing countries. It could be an one good solution to reduce the GHG. In the Northern Asia, the CDM can be the one of the possible solution to reduce the GHG because the Japan has a responsibility to reduce GHG and the China and Korea have a room to supply CDM credit. It is suffice to say that if these three countries decide to collaborate, the new international carbon market can be established that can be the similar form of EU-ETS. It is clear that few barriers must be removed to launched such new form of carbon market. Protection of domestic technology, excessive financial request of business opportunities by CDM, and irrational needs of carbon credit that created by CDM, listed constraints define as an one single word, the national selfishness. Once it is cleared, there is high possibility that the Northern Asia CDM trading system can be launched.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

Coinciding with the advent of COVID-19, online education is on the rise both domestically and globally, and has become an absolutely necessary and irreplaceable form of education. It is a very curious question what the perception of people about the suddenly growing form of education is, and how it has changed. This study investigated changes in consumers' perception of online education using big data. To this end, we divided the time into four stages: before COVID-19 (November to December 2019), after the triggering of COVID-19 (January to February 2020), right after the online classes started (March to April 2020), after experiencing some online education (May to June 2020). Then we conducted text mining, namely, keyword frequency analysis, network analysis, word cloud analysis, and sentiment analysis were performed. The implications derived as a result of the analysis can help education policy makers and educators working in the field to improve online education quality and establish its future directions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and written below the author information. Use the word "Abstract" as the title, in 12-point Times New Roman, boldface type, italicized, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized, fixed-spacing at 13 pt., 12 pt. spacing before the text and 6 pt. after. The abstract content is to be in 11-point, italicized, single spaced type. Leave one blank line after the abstract, and then begin the keywords. All manuscripts must be in English. When it comes to the issue of "virtual and real" in traditional Chinese painting, the first impression is to describe the problems of painting strokes and ink, layout of pictures, etc., but it runs through the initial conception of the work, creation in the middle and aesthetic appreciation of the work. It exists in the whole process of artistic creation and appreciation. In essence, it is a problem of aesthetic thinking and philosophical thinking. Because the traditional Chinese painting theory is influenced by Taoism, when the concept of "virtual and real" is implemented in the specific picture of Chinese painting, it is contained in the specific shape of "physics", that is, the painting theory research of "blank space" in the picture. Based on the traditional Taoist philosophy of China, this paper takes the "virtual and real" view in Lao Zhuang's thought as the research object, deeply analyzes and compares its relationship with the "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting, and finds out their artistic spirit, essential characteristics and how to present them. This paper mainly discusses the internal relationship between Taoist philosophy and "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting from the following aspects. The introduction expounds the origin, purpose, significance, innovation and research methods of the topic. This paper analyzes the philosophical thoughts about landscape in the philosophical thoughts represented by Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi. The development of Chinese traditional aesthetics theory is closely related to Taoist philosophy, which has laid the foundation and pointed out the direction for the development of Chinese painting theory since ancient times. It also discusses the influence of the Taoist philosophy of "the combination of the virtual and real" on the emergence and development of the artistic conception of landscape painting. Firstly, through the analysis of the artistic conception of landscape painting and its constituent factors, it is pointed out that the artistic conception is affected by the personality and the painting artistic conception. Secondly, through the Taoist thought of "the combination of the virtual and real" in landscape painting, so as to reflect that it is the source of the artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting. It is the unique spiritual concept of "Yin and Yang" and "virtual and real" that creates the unique "blank space" aesthetic realm of Chinese painting in the composition of the picture. Finally, it focuses on the "nothingness" in Taoist philosophy and the "blank space" in Chinese landscape painting. The connotation of the "blank space" in Chinese painting exceeds its own expressive significance, which makes the picture form the aesthetic principle of emotional blending, virtual and real combination and dynamic and static integration. Through the "blank space", it deepens the artistic characteristics of the picture and sublimates the expression of "form" in Chinese painting.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1981

Silk textile finishing has been studied for many years by many workers in order to meet more utilities for various endusers. Such studies, however, could not be successful because any natural fibers are hardly change their natures by artificial treating methods. Textile finishing is of course to improve the mechandise qualities and the poor natures of silk so that it may be available as the best textile fiber in the world. Sometimes, famous trade marked textile plays more power than its quality in the silk market, nevertheless, this should be over line of research activities. Meantime, the silk demand has been also transferred from ladies stocking to other clothes since nylon or other synthetic fibers were developed. That is why, the extension of silk demand should be developed by various research works. Specially, silk is known as difficult textile to handle it during washing or ironing process which happened to depress down the silk usage for house wives. In order to solve such problems, the reporter has been worked for many years and now, he believes that he has developed a proper finishing method to coversuch problems. The developed finishing method may be said to eligible with economical aspect and shorten the dry duration after water washing in half against normal silk textile without harming the specific silk nature. As all of us know, silk fiber starts to denature since it was spinned by silkworm and the fiber is formed as overlapped "S" type curves during its concooning process. After it is made as raw silk or sericin silk, it shows as straight line form, but it changes in to waved form in case refining or degumming process in order return to its original spinned form. Such nature is continued during its textile form and ends with hard ironing nature than other textile fibers. Mean while, the silk fiber keeps to continue its denaturing and this is iniciated by repeat of washing and drying which takes many years to reach its final stage, The reporter has found the iniciating denature of silk by his finishing process, with out heat, decreasing the swollen nature which ended with shortening the drying duration after wash. Each washing was carried out by soaking the previously weighed sample in cold water for one hour, then pressed the sample for ten minutes to eliminate its free water component before weighing with same condition. According to this, the treated silk showed much denaturing after the finishing, but the standard silk progressed the denaturing by and by with the repeat of washing and drying, finally reached the same swollen degree of treated silk, Such treating result explains that the treated silk happened to be stebilized nature by the treating immediately. On the other that the treated silk happened to be stebilized nature by the treating immediately. On the other hand, standard silk may reach to such condition by the time of worn out clothes after repeat of washing and drying for many years while the clothes will be no more useful. The decreased swelling nature has brought about the drying period in half against standard silk after all. Not only the tests of tenacity and elongation but also crease resistance recovery, stiffness and shrinkage tests were carried out after each washing and drying which he has found better result on the treated silk textile against the standard silk. The most important thing was to keep the textile feeling of silk by such finishing work before improve any poor nature of silk. The general silk has a nature to absorb smoke or dirt from its surrounding air and reaches to dirty color shade upon such exposure, but the treated one has improved such nature because of its artificial denaturing, another word, it keeps clean longer than the normal silk. Many previous finishing works could improve some specific nature of silk, but it happened to deprave other important natures. The reporters work is, however, specialized to improve the silk to be useful as Wash and Wear Silk without harming its standard natures. So far, this work happened to be a overall innovative finishing method of silk textile.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.24
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• pp.5-46
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• 2006

Korean verse has flexibly changed its form and contents according to the historical background of the times. This fact arouses reader sympathy because it has reflected ideas, historical aspects and realities of the times. However, korean verse has kept its own characteristics in some ways, allowing it to exist today. It holds its form as 3 verses of three by three or four meter and three letters of the last of three verses. It makes every different version which has specific aspects of each times in the same 'sijo' area. 'Sijo' in Korean poems, is the first form that has been changed from formal to private functionally. As a result of that common verses in the Goryeo to Joseon eras were going with the stream of the times. Verse was the plate for justice so that there was no double meaning, symbols, or technical sentences. It had to show the idea of Myungchundo Jwonginryun. The theme was commonly fitted within certain areas. such as blessings, fidelity, devotion, etc. Around the end of the Joseon era, there was activation of private verses - a form of sijo with no restrictions on the length of the first two verses. Some ideas had been changed because Sarimpa gained power, domestic conflict, and the introduction of practical science. These things had an effect on the form of Sijo. After all, it shows the ideas of collapsing feudalism, resistance of confucian ideas, equality of the sexes, and opposition to the group who rule the government. Thus Sasul Sijo seems to have the tendency of resistance to reality. It was a specialty of realism poetry It explained our life in detail and reflected real life by being an intermediary of realism. This met and represented the demand of a reader's expectations. After 1905, there was new form of sijo that is very different, in form and content, from the previous versions. It was even different in areas of what people accepted. They started to think sijo was not the form of lyrical verse that is once was. It became a 'record of reading'. The form changed to 'hung or huhung' that satirized the times and the ending of a word in the last verse. Although this form could deliver the tension in statement, it was too iu from the original form. Therefore, it didn't last long, and its position got smaller because of the free verse that had western influence and was emerging in the times. In the middle of 1920, there was a movement of Sijo revival. It was lead by Choinamsun. He wrote poems and Sijo which were effected by western ideas in his early works. Although he worked with that, he took the lead in the movement of Sijo revival. He published the collection of Sijo $\ulcorner$Baekpalbunnwoi$\lrcorner$ that has one major theme-patriotic sentiment. He thought an ancient poem was a part of racial characteristics so that he expressed the main theme which represented the times and situations of his era. Modern Sijo is difficult. Sijo has to have modern and Korean verse characteristics at the same time. If it considers a modern aspect too much, it could not be distinguished from sijo and free verse. If it overly leans toward Sijo. it would seem to be too conservative which it then could be said to have no real charm of a poem. In spite of these problems, it is written constantly, because it has its own specialty. It has been focused on some works because they reflect awareness of modern times, the democratic idea, and realism. Overall, the authors of Modern Sijo express various themes by using different forms. The more what we can guess in this work, Sijo will exist permanently because of its flexibility. Furthermore, one special characteristic-flexibility of the korean verse will make it last forever and it will be a genre in Korean poetry.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.4 s.26
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• pp.151-162
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• 2005

Variable Message Sign (VMS), which provides drivers with direct information about state of traffic congestion and for prevent an accident, is the most effective method among the methods of providing information in Advanced Transportation Management System. Currently establishment and the VMS which is operated foundation lets in Guidelines on the use of Variable message sign (a book of the VMS) of 1999 November the Ministry Construction & Transportation, these contents mean main viewpoint on physical part such as message special quality variable (font, character size and line space, word interval) and position mainly among standard about establishment in general. But, it is true that using without effect verification on the character of VMS display and that using mode of stationary-centered. In this paper, it executed significance test to effort verification on the character of VMS display for more practical and effective information transmission based on the driver viewpoint For the researches; develop 3D-Simulation, select characteristics of driver's visual cognition behavior (the conspicuity, the legibility and the comprehensibility), evaluation each issue (day or night, 80km/h or 100km/h). Especially, that used the Eye Marker Recorder to measure of reading-time (legibility) thus, confirmed objectivity and reduce an observational error. The results showed that the conspicuity is Flashing> Stationary>Scroll. The legibility is not deference that Flashing between stationary form. Also the comprehensibility result showed that Flashing> Stationary>Stroll form.