• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.509-533
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociolinguistic competence of female marriage-immigrants through analyzing their free colloquial discourse. Because previous studies on female marriage-immigrants have not been performed based on the natural illocutionary data, an accurate diagnosis of their communication method will be necessary for the efficiency of the Korean education aimed at them, and for the development of their communication ability. For this study, the colloquial discourse situation from five female marriage-immigrants from China, the Philippines and Vietnam was recorded. The sociolinguistic characteristics were analyzed centering on the use of designation, respect terms, and regional words. 'Eomma' was used as a designation for their husband's mother, which means that 'intimacy' worked for the designation of their husband's mother. The respect-word classes for others were limited to the 'haeyo' form and the 'hae' one, and the reception for listeners was often discarded. In addition, the influence of regional words was found in the vocabulary and grammar, and the more proficient the Korean language, the more frequent the regional word occurrence. Based on the above result, the teaching method of Korean for the immigrants shall be suggested as follows: the teaching has to focus on respect words positively influencing the relationship with the counterpart.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2019

Conventional cyber-attack detection solutions are generally based on signature-based or malicious behavior analysis so that have had difficulty in detecting unknown method-based attacks. Since the various information occurring all the time reflects the state of the system, by modeling it in a steady state and detecting an abnormal state, an unknown attack can be detected. Since a variety of system information occurs in a string form, word embedding, ie, techniques for converting strings into vectors preserving their order and semantics, can be used for modeling and detection. Novelty Detection, which is a technique for detecting a small number of abnormal data in a plurality of normal data, can be performed in order to detect an abnormal condition. This paper proposes a method to detect system anomaly by cyber attack using embedding and novelty detection.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.721-729
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• 2022

The pandemic of COVID-19 has led "E-commerce+ Live streaming", the new form of retail business, development rapidly. And more and more consumers choose to buy commodities in E-commerce live streaming. According to the related investigation at home and abroad, the purchase intention and WOM intention are two important measuring factors of the effect of the direct transmission of e-commerce. In previous research, the author proved that IWOM has become an important reference for consumers to make online purchases. In this study, the author mainly focus on the impact of online WOM on consumer intention. Based on the Involvement Theory, this paper proposes a model of the influence of IWOM on WOM intention in e-commerce live broadcast which is adjusted by the product involvement degree. The results show that the characteristics of anchor, the quantity and quality of IWOM, the prescription of IWOM, the difference of IWOM and the intention of WOM are positively regulated by the product involvement. However, product involvement did not play a moderating role between relationship strength and WOM intention.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.457-472
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• 2011

The word "subject," like its apparent antonym "agent" is ambiguous. By "speaking subject" I intend both meanings: the spoken about, and the speaker, and the spoken about, in more or less that order. The paper contrasts the way women are spoken about in the 19^th Century debate over the role of women between John Ruskin and John Mill, and then in literary criticism of feminists nearer our own time, Kate Millet and Elizabeth Langland. I then move on to women as speaking subjects, first in the form of an imaginary speaking subject created by a male speaker, Charles Dickens channeling the confessional journal of Esther Summerson in Bleak House. The comparison with Elizabeth Gaskell, a genuine speaking subject, is highly instructive. I draw attention to symmetrical, in the sense of opposite, narrative strategies. Where Dickens begins in journalese, with a gritty, realistic opening that only gradually reveals a Cinderella in the ashes, Gaskell begins with a nursery rhyme, in an actual nursery, but goes on to reveal some rather sordid economic facts. Where Dickens creates a ventriloquist's doll, Gaskell succeeds in creating recognizable, if not always admirable, female voices. I conclude that just as the novel may be read as a real utterance in a real conversation, it is also possible to read the true emergence of women novelists in the 19^th Century as nothing more and nothing less than the creation of the first truly womanly words about women: women as speaking subjects in both senses of the word.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

Currently the verbal abuse in text message over on-line game is so serious. However we do not have any effective policy or technical tools yet. Till now in order to cope with this problem, the online game service providers have accumulated a set of forbidden words and applied this list on the textual word used in on-line game, which is called 'Swear filter'. But young on-line game players easily avoid this filtering method by coining another words which is not kept in the list. Especially Korean is very easy to make new variations of a vulgar word. In this paper, we propose one smart filtering algorithm to identify newly coined profanities. Important features of our method include the canonical form transformation of coined profanities, semi-global alignment between in the level of consonant and vowel units. For experiment, we have collected more than 1000 newly coined vulgar words in on-line gaming sites and tested these word against our methods. where our system have successfully filtered more than 90% of those newly coined vulgar words.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive analysis of Korean business names listed on KOSDAQ (Korea Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) from a morphological perspective. A total of 1,358 business names on KOSDAQ are collected and analyzed in terms of origins and morphological structure. The analysis exhibits the monopoly of English: only 20% of the names are composed of only Korean elements, including Sino-Chinese, while 76% of them contain some form of English elements. It is pointed out that those English elements are not borrowed from English but are created in Korea and participate further word formation processes. In terms of word formation methods, compounding and shortening are most common, taking up 90% of all names. Multiple derived forms are used from an identical origin word, and even bound forms in English are taken and used as independent words, regardless of their original status in English. It is argued that Korean English is not entirely negative and should be considered as part of World Englishes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-483
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• 2007

Database Semantics (DBS) attempts to provide a comprehensive and integrated approach to human communication which seeks theory-implementation transparency. Two key components of DBS are Word bank as a data structure and left-Associative Grammar (LAG) as an algorithm. This study aims to provide a pilot implementation of Korean in DBS. First, it is shown how the three separate modules of grammar in DBS, namely, Hear, Think, and Speak, combine to form an integrated system that simulates a cognitive agent by making use of a simple Korean sentence as an example. Second, we provide a detailed analysis of the structure in Korean that is a characteristic of Korean involving numerals, classifiers, and nouns, thereby illustrating how DBS can be applied to Korean. We also discuss an issue raised in the literature concerning a problem that arises when we try to apply the LAG algorithm to the analysis of head-final language like Korean, and then discuss some possible solution to the problem.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2016

Many brands are attempting to use consumers as a part of their marketing strategies, due to the fashion industry's sensitive response to consumers' reaction. In addition, due to the popularity of e-WOM(electronic Word-Of-Mouth), fashion brands are highly sensitive to their supporters' online reviews. Amid this background, the main objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to analyze the effect of online reviews' attributes and valences on forming an impression about a fashion brand; 2) to examine the online re-WOM(word-of-mouth) effect of online reviews by fashion brand supporters on brand attitude; and 3) to measure the moderating effect of fashion involvement in online re-WOM intention. In order to verify the research model and to test the proposed hypotheses, a 2 (utilitarian vs. hedonic review attributes) by 2 (positive vs. negative review valences) model is constructed and gathers 215 respondents. The results demonstrate that consumers form the highest reliable impression based on utilitarian and negative online reviews. However, there is no relationship between the types of online reviews and the formation of a favorable impression. Findings also reveal that the impression formed by online reviews has a positive effect on re-WOM intention, contributing to brand attitude. In addition, the hypothesis about the moderating effect produced by fashion involvement on re-WOM is supported. In conclusion, these results suggest that online reviews by fashion brand supporters have a powerful effect on forming a consumer's impression towards a fashion brand, affecting re-WOM intention and brand attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.91-112
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• 1999

This study mainly focuses on the dissatisfaction of the post-purchase behavior regarding the consumer dissatisfaction complaining behavior and repurchase intention In the literature study approach it was hypothe-sized that dissatisfaction variables was consisted of the cognitive process and emotion. And the dissatisfaction variables and the individual vari-ables and situational variables were set up to contribute to form the complaining behavior. In the process of the complaining behavior the first thing the consumers would do when they would seek for redress or not. Consumers who sought redress and actually received the fair treatment from a store practiced positive word-of-mouth. However consumers who received unfair treat-ment practived negative word-of-mouth exit behavior or the third party complaining Behavior. And consumers who did not seek any redress either showed exit behavior practiced negative word-of-mouth or no complaining behavior at all. Therefore. complaining behavior process consists of redress seeking process and non-redress seeking process. For the empirical study the survey method was used and two other researches were previously conducted. First of all the research was designed to comprehend consumer complaining behaviors process Secondly it was conducted for measuring validity and reliability: Cronbach's q. The sqmple was 569 women aged 2-'s to 5-'s living in Seoul and other suburban areas. The various methods were used to analyze the date such as frequency, percentage and multiple regression analysis. Overall the results were verified. 1) The dissatisfaction variables and individual variables influenced situational variables. 2) The complaining behavior intention was affected by dissatisfaction variables indivi-dual variables and situational variables. 3) The repurchase intention occurred more when the justice was performed Consequently the complaining behavior proce-dure was consisted of the redress seeking and non-redress seeking. And dissatisfaction vari-ables and individual variables were verified to influnce situational variables. These complaining behavior variables affected complaining behavior Especially in a case of redress seeking process complaining behavior and repurchase rate were highly affected by the perceived justice from a store.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

This study on the lifestyle of senior citizens measured how slection criteria affects franchise restaurant selection. Word of mouth was determined not to have a negative effect between senior citizen lifestyle and franchise restaurant selection. First, the lifestyle of senior citizens were categorized into 4 sub-variables-extroverted, open, progressive, and future-oriented -. It identified information about the properties of the choice variables franchise restaurants positively influence on the all relationships .Second, the mediating effect of word of mouth was verified form the realtionships.