• Title/Summary/Keyword: word dictionary

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A study on the examples of character 'Yeong(營)' and 'Yeong(榮)' ('영(營)'자(字)와 '영(榮)'자(字)의 용례(用例) 분석(分析) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Jeong-Soo;Hwang, Man-Suk;Baek, Jin-Ung
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.125-139
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    • 2010
  • The character 'yeong(營)' has been used mixed with 'yeong(榮)' from the time of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" up to now. One word can have a various meaning according to the context. So it is difficult to make a precise definition. Moreover as the words in Korean medicine are abstruse, it is necessary to classify and make the meaning straight with the words like 'yeong(營)' and 'yeong(榮)'. This study is focused on classifying the meanings and examples of 'yeong(營)' and 'yeong(榮)' by the dictionary definition, examples in medical classics, examples in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)". From this study, we get to know 'yeong(營)' and 'yeong(榮)' was used mixed with the concept of 'yeong-gi(營氣)' which means 'transporting nutrition'. The conclusion of this study is, from the dictionary definition and the aspect of oriental medicine physiology, using 'yeong(營)' is more reasonable than 'yeong(榮)' in both cases.

Efficient and Secure Sound-Based Hybrid Authentication Factor with High Usability

  • Mohinder Singh B;Jaisankar N.
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.2844-2861
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    • 2023
  • Internet is the most prevailing word being used nowadays. Over the years, people are becoming more dependent on the internet as it makes their job easier. This became a part of everyone's life as a means of communication in almost every area like financial transactions, education, and personal-health operations. A lot of data is being converted to digital and made online. Many researchers have proposed different authentication factors - biometric and/or non-biometric authentication factors - as the first line of defense to secure online data. Among all those factors, passwords and passphrases are being used by many users around the world. However, the usability of these factors is low. Also, the passwords are easily susceptible to brute force and dictionary attacks. This paper proposes the generation of a novel passcode from the hybrid authentication factor - sound. The proposed passcode is evaluated for its strength to resist brute-force and dictionary attacks using the Shannon entropy and Passcode (or password) entropy formulae. Also, the passcode is evaluated for its usability. The entropy value of the proposed is 658.2. This is higher than that of other authentication factors. Like, for a 6-digit pin - the entropy value was 13.2, 101.4 for Password with Passphrase combined with Keystroke dynamics and 193 for fingerprint, and 30 for voice biometrics. The proposed novel passcode is far much better than other authentication factors when compared with their corresponding strength and usability values.

Predicting the Direction of the Stock Index by Using a Domain-Specific Sentiment Dictionary (주가지수 방향성 예측을 위한 주제지향 감성사전 구축 방안)

  • Yu, Eunji;Kim, Yoosin;Kim, Namgyu;Jeong, Seung Ryul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.95-110
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    • 2013
  • Recently, the amount of unstructured data being generated through a variety of social media has been increasing rapidly, resulting in the increasing need to collect, store, search for, analyze, and visualize this data. This kind of data cannot be handled appropriately by using the traditional methodologies usually used for analyzing structured data because of its vast volume and unstructured nature. In this situation, many attempts are being made to analyze unstructured data such as text files and log files through various commercial or noncommercial analytical tools. Among the various contemporary issues dealt with in the literature of unstructured text data analysis, the concepts and techniques of opinion mining have been attracting much attention from pioneer researchers and business practitioners. Opinion mining or sentiment analysis refers to a series of processes that analyze participants' opinions, sentiments, evaluations, attitudes, and emotions about selected products, services, organizations, social issues, and so on. In other words, many attempts based on various opinion mining techniques are being made to resolve complicated issues that could not have otherwise been solved by existing traditional approaches. One of the most representative attempts using the opinion mining technique may be the recent research that proposed an intelligent model for predicting the direction of the stock index. This model works mainly on the basis of opinions extracted from an overwhelming number of economic news repots. News content published on various media is obviously a traditional example of unstructured text data. Every day, a large volume of new content is created, digitalized, and subsequently distributed to us via online or offline channels. Many studies have revealed that we make better decisions on political, economic, and social issues by analyzing news and other related information. In this sense, we expect to predict the fluctuation of stock markets partly by analyzing the relationship between economic news reports and the pattern of stock prices. So far, in the literature on opinion mining, most studies including ours have utilized a sentiment dictionary to elicit sentiment polarity or sentiment value from a large number of documents. A sentiment dictionary consists of pairs of selected words and their sentiment values. Sentiment classifiers refer to the dictionary to formulate the sentiment polarity of words, sentences in a document, and the whole document. However, most traditional approaches have common limitations in that they do not consider the flexibility of sentiment polarity, that is, the sentiment polarity or sentiment value of a word is fixed and cannot be changed in a traditional sentiment dictionary. In the real world, however, the sentiment polarity of a word can vary depending on the time, situation, and purpose of the analysis. It can also be contradictory in nature. The flexibility of sentiment polarity motivated us to conduct this study. In this paper, we have stated that sentiment polarity should be assigned, not merely on the basis of the inherent meaning of a word but on the basis of its ad hoc meaning within a particular context. To implement our idea, we presented an intelligent investment decision-support model based on opinion mining that performs the scrapping and parsing of massive volumes of economic news on the web, tags sentiment words, classifies sentiment polarity of the news, and finally predicts the direction of the next day's stock index. In addition, we applied a domain-specific sentiment dictionary instead of a general purpose one to classify each piece of news as either positive or negative. For the purpose of performance evaluation, we performed intensive experiments and investigated the prediction accuracy of our model. For the experiments to predict the direction of the stock index, we gathered and analyzed 1,072 articles about stock markets published by "M" and "E" media between July 2011 and September 2011.

Korean Compound Noun Decomposition and Semantic Tagging System using User-Word Intelligent Network (U-WIN을 이용한 한국어 복합명사 분해 및 의미태깅 시스템)

  • Lee, Yong-Hoon;Ock, Cheol-Young;Lee, Eung-Bong
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.19B no.1
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    • pp.63-76
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    • 2012
  • We propose a Korean compound noun semantic tagging system using statistical compound noun decomposition and semantic relation information extracted from a lexical semantic network(U-WIN) and dictionary definitions. The system consists of three phases including compound noun decomposition, semantic constraint, and semantic tagging. In compound noun decomposition, best candidates are selected using noun location frequencies extracted from a Sejong corpus, and re-decomposes noun for semantic constraint and restores foreign nouns. The semantic constraints phase finds possible semantic combinations by using origin information in dictionary and Naive Bayes Classifier, in order to decrease the computation time and increase the accuracy of semantic tagging. The semantic tagging phase calculates the semantic similarity between decomposed nouns and decides the semantic tags. We have constructed 40,717 experimental compound nouns data set from Standard Korean Language Dictionary, which consists of more than 3 characters and is semantically tagged. From the experiments, the accuracy of compound noun decomposition is 99.26%, and the accuracy of semantic tagging is 95.38% respectively.

A Development of the Automatic Predicate-Argument Analyzer for Construction of Semantically Tagged Korean Corpus (한국어 의미 표지 부착 말뭉치 구축을 위한 자동 술어-논항 분석기 개발)

  • Cho, Jung-Hyun;Jung, Hyun-Ki;Kim, Yu-Seop
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.19B no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2012
  • Semantic role labeling is the research area analyzing the semantic relationship between elements in a sentence and it is considered as one of the most important semantic analysis research areas in natural language processing, such as word sense disambiguation. However, due to the lack of the relative linguistic resources, Korean semantic role labeling research has not been sufficiently developed. We, in this paper, propose an automatic predicate-argument analyzer to begin constructing the Korean PropBank which has been widely utilized in the semantic role labeling. The analyzer has mainly two components: the semantic lexical dictionary and the automatic predicate-argument extractor. The dictionary has the case frame information of verbs and the extractor is a module to decide the semantic class of the argument for a specific predicate existing in the syntactically annotated corpus. The analyzer developed in this research will help the construction of Korean PropBank and will finally play a big role in Korean semantic role labeling.

Morphological Analysis with Adjacency Attributes and Phrase Dictionary (접속 특성과 말마디 사전을 이용한 형태소 분석)

  • Im, Gwon-Muk;Song, Man-Seok
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.129-139
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    • 1994
  • This paper presents a morphological analysis method for the Korean language. The characteristics and adjacency information of the words can be obtained from sentences in a large corpus. Generally a word can be analyzed to a result by applying the adjacency attributes and rules. However, we have to choose one from the several results for the ambiguous words. The collected morpheme's adjacency attributes and relations with neighbor words are recorded in a well designed dictionaries. With this information, abbreviated words as well as ambiguous words can be almost analyzed successfully. Efficiency of morphological analyzer depends on the information in the dictionaries. A morpheme dictionary and a phrase dictionary have been designed with lexical database, and necessary information extracted from the corpus is stored in the dictionaries.

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A Homonym Disambiguation System based on Semantic Information Extracted from Dictionary Definitions (사전의 뜻풀이말에서 추출한 의미정보에 기반한 동형이의어 중의성 해결 시스템)

  • Hur, Jeong;Ock, Cheol-Young
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.28 no.9
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    • pp.688-698
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    • 2001
  • A homonym could be disambiguated by anther words in the context such as nouns, predicates used with the homonym. This paper proposes a homonym disambiguation system based on statistical semantic information which is extracted from definitions in dictionary. The semantic information consists of nouns and predicates that are used with the homonym in definitions. In order to extract accurate semantic information, definitions are used with the homonym in definitions. In order to extract accurate semantic information, definitions are classified into two types. One has hyponym-hypernym relation between title word and head word (homonym) in definition. The hyponym-hypernym relation is one level semantic hierarchy and can be extended to deeper levels in order to overcome the problem of data sparseness. The other is the case that the homonym is used in the middle of definition. The system considers nouns and predicates simultaneously to disambiguate the homonym. Nine homonyms are examined in order to determine the weight of nouns and predicates which affect accrutacy of homonym disambiguation. From experiments using training corpus(definitions in dictionary), the average accruracy of homonym disamguation is 96.11% when the weight is 0.9 and 0.1 for noun and verb respectively. And another experiment to meaure the generality of the homonym disambiguation system results in the 80.73% average accuracy to 1,796 untraining sentences from Korean Information Base I and ETRI corpus.

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Analyzing Contextual Polarity of Unstructured Data for Measuring Subjective Well-Being (주관적 웰빙 상태 측정을 위한 비정형 데이터의 상황기반 긍부정성 분석 방법)

  • Choi, Sukjae;Song, Yeongeun;Kwon, Ohbyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.83-105
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    • 2016
  • Measuring an individual's subjective wellbeing in an accurate, unobtrusive, and cost-effective manner is a core success factor of the wellbeing support system, which is a type of medical IT service. However, measurements with a self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors are cost-intensive and obtrusive when the wellbeing support system should be running in real-time, despite being very accurate. Recently, reasoning the state of subjective wellbeing with conventional sentiment analysis and unstructured data has been proposed as an alternative to resolve the drawbacks of the self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors. However, this approach does not consider contextual polarity, which results in lower measurement accuracy. Moreover, there is no sentimental word net or ontology for the subjective wellbeing area. Hence, this paper proposes a method to extract keywords and their contextual polarity representing the subjective wellbeing state from the unstructured text in online websites in order to improve the reasoning accuracy of the sentiment analysis. The proposed method is as follows. First, a set of general sentimental words is proposed. SentiWordNet was adopted; this is the most widely used dictionary and contains about 100,000 words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs with polarities from -1.0 (extremely negative) to 1.0 (extremely positive). Second, corpora on subjective wellbeing (SWB corpora) were obtained by crawling online text. A survey was conducted to prepare a learning dataset that includes an individual's opinion and the level of self-report wellness, such as stress and depression. The participants were asked to respond with their feelings about online news on two topics. Next, three data sources were extracted from the SWB corpora: demographic information, psychographic information, and the structural characteristics of the text (e.g., the number of words used in the text, simple statistics on the special characters used). These were considered to adjust the level of a specific SWB. Finally, a set of reasoning rules was generated for each wellbeing factor to estimate the SWB of an individual based on the text written by the individual. The experimental results suggested that using contextual polarity for each SWB factor (e.g., stress, depression) significantly improved the estimation accuracy compared to conventional sentiment analysis methods incorporating SentiWordNet. Even though literature is available on Korean sentiment analysis, such studies only used only a limited set of sentimental words. Due to the small number of words, many sentences are overlooked and ignored when estimating the level of sentiment. However, the proposed method can identify multiple sentiment-neutral words as sentiment words in the context of a specific SWB factor. The results also suggest that a specific type of senti-word dictionary containing contextual polarity needs to be constructed along with a dictionary based on common sense such as SenticNet. These efforts will enrich and enlarge the application area of sentic computing. The study is helpful to practitioners and managers of wellness services in that a couple of characteristics of unstructured text have been identified for improving SWB. Consistent with the literature, the results showed that the gender and age affect the SWB state when the individual is exposed to an identical queue from the online text. In addition, the length of the textual response and usage pattern of special characters were found to indicate the individual's SWB. These imply that better SWB measurement should involve collecting the textual structure and the individual's demographic conditions. In the future, the proposed method should be improved by automated identification of the contextual polarity in order to enlarge the vocabulary in a cost-effective manner.

A Semi-Automatic Semantic Mark Tagging System for Building Dialogue Corpus (대화 말뭉치 구축을 위한 반자동 의미표지 태깅 시스템)

  • Park, Junhyeok;Lee, Songwook;Lim, Yoonseob;Choi, Jongsuk
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2019
  • Determining the meaning of a keyword in a speech dialogue system is an important technology for the future implementation of an intelligent speech dialogue interface. After extracting keywords to grasp intention from user's utterance, the intention of utterance is determined by using the semantic mark of keyword. One keyword can have several semantic marks, and we regard the task of attaching the correct semantic mark to the user's intentions on these keyword as a problem of word sense disambiguation. In this study, about 23% of all keywords in the corpus is manually tagged to build a semantic mark dictionary, a synonym dictionary, and a context vector dictionary, and then the remaining 77% of all keywords is automatically tagged. The semantic mark of a keyword is determined by calculating the context vector similarity from the context vector dictionary. For an unregistered keyword, the semantic mark of the most similar keyword is attached using a synonym dictionary. We compare the performance of the system with manually constructed training set and semi-automatically expanded training set by selecting 3 high-frequency keywords and 3 low-frequency keywords in the corpus. In experiments, we obtained accuracy of 54.4% with manually constructed training set and 50.0% with semi-automatically expanded training set.

An Exploratory Study of Happiness and Unhappiness Among Koreans based on Text Mining Techniques (텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용한 한국인의 행복과 불행 탐색연구)

  • Park, Sanghyeon;Do, Kanghyuk;Kim, Hakyeong;Park, Gaeun;Yun, Jinhyeok;Kim, Kyungil
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.10-27
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of happiness and unhappiness in Korean society through text mining analysis. Similar words with keywords(happiness/unhappiness) from online news portal are extracted using Word2Vec and TF-IDF method. We also use the K-LIWC dictionary to perform the sentiment analysis of words associated with happiness and unhappiness. In TF-IDF analysis, happiness and unhappiness are highly related to social factors and social issues of the year. In Word2Vec analysis, 'Hope' has been similar with happiness for six years. In K-LIWC analysis, 'money/financial issues', 'school', 'communication' is highly related with happiness and unhappiness. In addition, 'physical condition and symptom' is highly related to unhappiness. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.