• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2017

목구조물 기둥-보 접합물로는 슬릿 가공된 부재에 강판을 삽입한 형상이 통용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 접합부가 접착된 강절형 문형라멘프레임 및 강판 대용인 목질접합물을 제작하여 절반은 기둥부재에 일체화하고 나머지 절반은 보부재와 핀으로 접합한 반강절형 문형라멘프레임을 제작하였다. 목질 문형라멘프레임들은 강판삽입형 접합부 문형라멘프레임과 수평내력성능을 비교 분석하였다. 수평내력성능은 완전탄소성모델 분석과 구간별 강성변화율 및 단기허용전단내력으로 평가하였다. 실험결과, 강절형 문형라멘프레임의 최대내력이 강판삽입형 접합부 문형라멘프레임 보다 낮게 측정되어 항복 내력은 0.58, 종국내력은 0.48로 산출되었으나, 초기강성과 소성률은 각각 1.35, 1.1 향상된 값이 측정되었다. 반강절형 문형라멘프레임의 완전탄소성모델 분석 결과 최대내력은 강절형 문형라멘프레임보다 낮았으나 파괴 후 인성이 우수하여 종국내력은 1.05~1.07 높은 값이 산출되었다. 강판삽입형 문형라멘프레임은 반복 시험이 진행됨에 따라 강성이 급격히 감소한 반면 접합부가 목질로된 문형라멘프레임들의 강성은 서서히 감소되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2017

This paper presents seismic performance and reliability evaluation on steel-timber hybrid shear wall systems composed of steel moment resisting frames and infill light frame wood shear walls. Based on experimental observations, damage assessment was conducted to determine the appropriate damage-related performance objectives for the hybrid shear wall systems. Incremental time-history dynamic analyses were conducted to establish a database of seismic responses for the hybrid systems with various structural configurations. The associated reliability indices and failure probabilities were calculated by two reliability methods (i.e., fragility analysis and response surface method). Both methods yielded similar estimations of failure probabilities. This study indicated the greatly improved seismic performance of the steel-timber hybrid shear wall systems with stronger infill wood shear walls. From a probabilistic perspective, the presented results give some insights on quantifying the seismic performance of the hybrid system under different seismic hazard levels. The reliability-based approaches also serve as efficient tools to assess the performance-based seismic design methodology and calibration of relative code provisions for the proposed steel-timber hybrid shear wall systems.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1991

Protection of tropical forest affects on significant reduce of tropical hardwood supply, and softwood resources will be increasingly important for the timber security in Korea. U.S. softwood log was most favorite species for Korean softwood log importers in overall import conditions except price stablization and consistency of export policy. Reduced export volume from Pacific Northwest to Korean market has been immediately replenished by rediata pine from New Zealand and Chilean plantation. Siberian timber will hardly play major roles in Korean timber market unless budding structure. softwood plywood and softwood furniture uses are enhanced. Recent rapid rise of labor cost and reducing tariff rrate in Korea provided better opportunities for import lumber in building materials market. Dry dimension lumber was relatively profitable when processed from import U.S. soft-wood log while green lumber was favorable products processed from radiata pine log in Korean lumber market. This means U.S. softwood lumber would have better opportunity to market for '2${\times}$'4 studs when wood frame housing is introduced. On the other hand while radiata pine is competitive on temporary construction lumber such as supporter and concrete forming frame in Korea. Shortage of raw material for the new capacity of board plants in Korea will be it bottle neck. Major log export countries to Korea as U.S. New Zealand and Chile showed high trade intensity indices of composite hoard produces for Korean market. As Korea efforts to diversify import sources, and tariffs are reduced to 8% as scheduled by 1994. countries of scoring higher comparative advantages as Portugal. Brazil, Austria as well as New Zealand will have better opportunity to penetrate into promised Korean composites hoard market.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1038-1042
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• 2007

The factors influencing the floor impact sound insulation include floor finishing materials, shock absorbing floors (slabs included), and ceiling structures. The ceilings of the apartment houses, currently built in Korea, are set up with lower parts of slabs and paper finishing, or with double floors for protecting against floor impact sounds in order to improve the sound insulating performance. The most common the method of ceiling structure construction consists of 'wood boarded frames + Gypsum boards + ceiling papers', which is called the wood boarded frame method. This study aimed to measures and evaluates floor impact sound insulation by which the ceiling space are widened according to suppression system is added in apartment house ceiling structure.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2008

'No-An-Dang' in 'Un-Hyeun palace' was using as a guesthouse by 'dea-won-goon' built in 1864. 'No-An-Dang tablet' exhibited in 'No-An-Dang' seems to be made by using the letters which were written by 'Choo-sa Kim Jeong-Hee'. This tablet was manufactured by special processes; wood frame which was made of a Korean white pine was drawn patterns by variety pigment and latticed inside are joined with 3 of horizontal square wooden sticks and 7 of vertical square wooden sticks, then several sheets of the paper mulberry put on this frame and sheets cut along the edge of letter attached lastly. This structure of tablet could cause more conservation problems than only made in wooden structures. Therefore, replica was made and exhibited in bad condition and original one kept in museum storage for effective conservation of artefacts.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate the resistance capacity of a traditional wooden house with shear walls made of wood panel. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the load - displacement test was carried out and the resistance moment values of the shear walls were proposed. The shear walls were made by placing studs with a nominal dimension of $38mm{\times}89mm$ at intervals of 600 mm, and attaching 12 mm thick plywood with 8-d size pegs at intervals of 150 mm. The type of traditional building wall was classified and showed the moment resistance ability of each wall type. This value is expressed as a proportional value divided by the moment resisting capacity of the standard size shear walls not divided into the divided small frames. Although some frames have proportional values larger than 1.0 even though they have openings, most of them show values smaller than 1.0. Also, even without the openings, it showed a smaller value than 1, such as 0.84 and 0.67.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Light-frame wood structures have the ability to carry gravity loads. However, their performance during severe wind storms has indicated weakness with respect to resisting uplift wind loads exerted on the roofs of residential houses. A common failure mode observed during almost all main hurricane events initiates at the roof-to-wall connections (RTWCs). The toe-nail connections typically used at these locations are weak with regard to resisting uplift loading. This issue has been investigated at the Insurance Research Lab for Better Homes, where full-scale testing was conducted of a house under appropriate simulated uplift wind loads. This paper describes the detailed and sophisticated numerical simulation performed for this full-scale test, following which the numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results. In the numerical model, the nonlinear behavior is concentrated at the RTWCs, which is simulated with the use of a multi-linear plastic element. The analysis was conducted on four sets of uplift loads applied during the physical testing: 30 m/sincreased by 5 m/sincrements to 45 m/s. At this level of uplift loading, the connections exhibited inelastic behavior. A comparison with the experimental results revealed the ability of the sophisticated numerical model to predict the nonlinear response of the roof under wind uplift loads that vary both in time and space. A further component of the study was an evaluation of the load sharing among the trusses under realistic, uniform, and code pressures. Both the numerical model and the tributary area method were used for the load-sharing calculations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

Timber is one of the few natural, renewable building materials and glulam is a type of engineering wood product. In the present work, timber-based braces are applied for retrofitting midrise Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) using two types of timber base braces (Timber base glulam, and hybrid Timber-Steel-BRB) as alternatives for retrofitting by traditional steel bracings. The improving effects of adding the bracings to the SMRF on seismic characteristics of the frame are evaluated using load-bearing capacity, energy dissipation, and story drifts of the frame. For evaluating the retrofitting effects on the seismic performance of SMRF, a five-story SMRF is considered unretofitted and retrofitted with steel-hollow structural section (HSS) brace, Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) brace, and hybrid Timber-Steel BRB. Using OpenSees structural analyzer, the performance are investigated under pushover, cyclic, and incremental loading. Results showed that steel-HSS, timber base Glulam, and hybrid timber-steel BRB braces have more significant roles in energy dissipation, increasing stiffness, changing capacity curves, reducing inter-story drifts, and reducing the weight of the frames, compared by steel bracing. Results showed that Hybrid BRB counteract the negative post-yield stiffness, so their use is more beneficial on buildings where P-Delta effects are more critical. It is found that the repair costs of the buildings with hybrid BRB will be less due to lower residual drifts. As a result, timber steel-BRB has the best energy dissipation and seismic performance due to symmetrical and stable hysteresis curves of buckling restrained braces that can experience the same capacities in tension and compression.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

In apartment houses, said to be similar to a typical housing form, every household share the walls and floors. Many problems inevitably accompany such as an arrangement, as noise and vibration are shared among households. When investigating the percentage of apartment resident's dissatisfaction with housing environments, discontent due to noise ranks the highest. Among many different kinds of noises, noise such as floor crashing sounds show the highest indication rate in the residents' comparison of discontent. Therefore, it is the practice of insulating against noises such as floor crashing sounds that improves the apartment house environments. The factors influencing the floor impact sound insulation include floor finishing materials, shock absorbing floors (slabs included), and ceiling structures. The ceilings of the apartment houses, currently built in Korea, are set up with lower parts of slabs and paper finishing, or with double floors for protecting against floor impact sounds in order to improve the sound insulating performance. The most common the method of ceiling structure construction consists of 'wood boarded frames +Gypsum boards + ceiling papers', which is called the wood boarded frame method. This study aimed to measures and evaluates floor impact sound insulation by which the ceiling space are widened according to suppression system is added in apartment house ceiling structure.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.440-456
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• 2009

Because PBD was started as a design tool for steel construction and concrete construction, it was able to applied to the post and beam method of wooden building constructions. But, it may not suitable to light frame wooden construction that is becoming popular in domestic construction market due to the economical efficiency and the constructive simplification. Owing to the share effects between member and sheathing material or among structural members, light frame wooden construction is different from post and beam construction that use a single structural member. Therefore, consideration on the system analysis and system design are urgently needed to use in actual life and inspect the reliability of structures from the system view. With this in mind, code conversion from ASD to PBD that is pressing issue in domestic wooden building construction was studied, also various countries status about PBD were considered and then approaching methods on the system reliability were referred. Finally, several considerations for the development of PBD were explored. PBD should be considered as, not only a new structural design process that select sizes of structural member, but a industrial tool that can lead a development of more reliable wood products. A strongest point of PBD is independent of various construction materials and construction types.