• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Recently, the use of recycled fibers was increased in order to replace the virgin pulp for low production cost and forest conservation. However, the recycled fibers decreases drainage rate, papermaking efficiency and product quality by short fibers and low wettability because of hornification. To overcome the limitation of low drainage rate, the technology of organic fillers were applied. Wooden fillers gave high bulk and stiffness of paper, but they reduced the strength of paper. In order to improve strength properties 4 types of strength additives were added and analyzed. Cationic starch, branched strength additive, linear wet strength additive, and linear dry strength additive were used. The drainage rate and paper properties such as bulk, air permeability and tensile strength were measured. As results of analysis, addition of branch type of strength agent such as C-starch was effective than linear type of strength agent in the drainage rate. Nevertheless there was no effect on the drainage rate by adding the pretreated wooden fillers. By adding the pretreated wooden fillers, bulk, air permeability and tensile strength of handsheets were improved with low dosage than non-pretreated fillers.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2007

In this paper, we apply insightful statistical reliability tools to manage and seek improvements in the strengths of Oriented Strand Board (OSB). As a part of the OSB manufacturing process, the product undergoes destructive testing at various intervals to determine compliance with customers' specifications. Workers perform these tests on sampled cross sections of the OSB panel to measure the tensile strength, also called internal bond (IB), in pounds per square inches until failure. Additional stiffness strength tests include parallel and perpendicular elasticity indices (EI), which are taken from cross sectional samples of the OSB panel in the parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to the orientation of the wood strands. We explore both graphically and statistically these "pressure-to-failures" of OSB. Also, we briefly comment on reducing sources of variability in the IB and EI of OSB.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2009

The catalytic steam reforming of woody biomass tar and soot to convert a synthetic gas containing hydrogen was investigated by using a bench-scale biomass gasification system. One commercial nickel-based catalyst, Katalco 46-6Q, and two different kinds of natural minerals, dolomite and olivine, were tested as a reforming catalyst at various reforming temperatures. The reaction characteristics of woody biomass tar were also investigated by TGA at a variety of heating rates. With all three catalysts conversion efficiency of tar and soot increased at increasing temperature. The reforming of tar and soot in the synthetic gas induce the increase of combustible gases such as $H_2$, CO and $CH_4$ in the product gas. The nickel-based catalyst showed a higher tar and soot conversion efficiency than mineral catalysts under the same temperature conditions.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2018

Climate change is one of the major issues in both the developed and developing world. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is one of the implications for climate change. It is increasing rapidly. Although the emission is much less when compared to the rest of the world, Ethiopia has also faced this global issue. The major source for GHG emission in Ethiopia is agriculture. Therefore, the agriculture sector has to be given more attention in Ethiopia. To overcome the problem, Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy has been initiated. One way of executing this target is to create a sustainable and environmentally friendly pathway to use agricultural byproducts. Sugarcane is one of the major plants in Ethiopia. Its byproducts are bagasse, molasses, and press mud. Since it is a waste product, it is economical and creates a sustainable and green environment by reducing GHG emissions. Sugarcane byproducts have versatile applications like as fuel, as cement replacing material, as a mitigation for expansive soils, as biosorbent for the treatment of water and wastewater and also as a wood material. However, Ethiopia has not used this byproduct massively as it is readily available. This paper reviews the possible applications of sugarcane byproducts to mitigate climate change.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2018

The application of reinforcing agents with hydraulic property and strength development characteristics was studied under conditions similar to those of mural-painting mortar made with oyster shell powder. Reinforcement mortar made with oyster shell powder showed hydraulic properties and strength to supplement the weaknesses of natural hydraulic lime(NHL); this confirmed its possibility as a wall-reinforcing material with enough strength for preserving mural paintings. Reinforcement mortar 1 showed hydraulic property and general characteristics of lime mortar, such as consistency and viscosity, as well as lower strength and higher whiteness compared to an NHL product. For Reinforcement mortar 2, the original wall sample characteristics were reflected by mixing more shell produced through calcination; and it showed similar strength to that of Reinforcement mortar 1 as well as high whiteness. In measuring the contraction ratio of reinforcement mortar samples, Reinforcement mortar 1 and 2 showed more stability in property change compared to the NHL Group.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

This study was conducted to distinguish the pines that are too similar to differentiate using conventional methods. Pinus densiflora and Pinus sylvestris have similar anatomical structure. They both have window-like pits and dentate ray tracheids, so it is not easy to distinguish the plants. We tried to find molecular markers by comparing chloroplast DNA sequences to differentiate the pines growing in Korea. We used P. densiflora, P. densiflora for. multicaulis, P. sylvestris, P. rigida, P. rigitaeda, P. koraiensis, and P. bungeana for this study. We found that the non-coding intergenic region of trnT(UGU) and trnL(UAA) genes have differences among the species. We designed a primer set to amplify the region efficiently and compared the PCR product sequences using CLC Workbench programs to find the polymorphism. We could distinguish the species using the sequences of the amplified region and the sequences were reproducible from the pines collected in Korea.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

Typical confidence intervals for a mean or mean residual life (MRL) are centered about the mean or mean residual life. We discuss novel confidence intervals that produce statements like "we are 95% confident that the MRL function, e(t), is greater than a prespecified $\mu_o$ for all t in the interval [0, $\hat{\theta})$)" where $\hat{\theta}$ is determined from the sample data, confidence level, and $\mu_o$. Also, we can have statements like 'we are 95% confident that the MRL of population 1, namely $e_1$(t), is greater than the MRL of population 2, $e_2$(t), for all t in the interval [0, $\hat{\theta}$)" where $\hat{\theta}$ is determined from the sample data and confidence level. We illustrate these one and two sample confidence intervals on internal bonds (tensile strengths) for an important modem engineered wood product, called medium density fiberboard (MDF), used internationally.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2018

Bilin tetrapyrroles are metabolic products of the breakdown of porphyrins within a species. In the case of mammals, these bilins are formed by the catabolism of heme and can be utilized as either biomarkers in disease or as an indicator of human waste contamination. Although a small subset of bilin tandem mass spectrometry reports exist, limited data is available in online databases for their fragmentation. The use of fragmentation data is important for metabolomics analyses to determine the identity of compounds detected within a sample. Therefore, in this study, the fragmentation of bilins generated by positive ion mode electrospray ionization is examined by collision-induced dissociation (CID) as a function of collision energy on an FT-ICR MS. The use of the FT-ICR MS allows for high mass accuracy measurements, and thus the formulas of resultant product ions can be ascertained. Based on our observations, fragmentation behavior for hemin, biliverdin and its dimethyl ester, phycocyanobilin, bilirubin, bilirubin conjugate, mesobilirubin, urobilin, and stercobilin are discussed in the context of the molecular structure and collision energy. This report provides insight into the identification of structures within this class of molecules for untargeted analyses.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

This paper describes an overview of the packaging industry in Korea. Packaging plays an important role to connect the dot between primary and secondary industry. Moreover, it performs the visual merchandising of product, resulting in synergetic effect with quality of merchandise. As more convergence of primary and secondary industry accelerates, packaging industry became more competitive as well as critical area. Korea Packaging Center (KOPACK) in Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) has conducted the national market survey of packaging industry since 2010, biannually. Firstly, Korea packaging industry was categorized. For defining the Korea packaging industry, Korea Standard Industry Code (KSIC) is used to divide the group into wood, paper, plastic, glass, metal and packaging machinery. Based on these categories, the market size was estimated with survey of 2,180 packaging companies. In this study, the results of this survey are summarized, and the key trends of each category are described.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1999

본 연구는 갈색부후균인 Tyromyces palustris와 Gloeophyllum traseum에 의해 인공적으로 부후된 소나무 시험편을 대상으로 붕산염 막대를 이용한 부후재 구제처리 가능성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 붕산염 막대 처리에 의한 구제처리, 즉 붕산염 막대로부터 화산${\cdot}$이동된 붕소 성분에 의한 기 존재하던 부후균의 박멸과 그 후 부후재에 잔존하는 붕소 성분에 의한 부후균의 재가해 예방이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 보다 효과적인 구제처리를 위해서는 붕산염 막대 삽입 지점으로부터 확산거리에 따른 붕소 성분의 보유량 경사를 완만하게 하여 줌이 필요한데, 앞으로 확산기간의 연장과 붕소 투여량이 붕소 성분의 보유량 경사에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.