• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2022

Floating LiDAR is a system that provides a new paradigm for wind condition observation, which is essential when creating an offshore wind farm. As it can save time and money, minimize environmental impact, and even reduce backlash from local communities, it is emerging as the industry standard. However, the design and verification of a stable platform is very important, as disturbance factors caused by fluctuations of the buoy affect the reliability of observation data. In Korea, due to the nation's late entry into the technology, a number of foreign equipment manufacturers are dominating the domestic market. The west coast of Korea is a shallow sea environment with a very large tidal difference, so strong currents repeatedly appear depending on the region, and waves of strong energy that differ by season are formed. This paper conducted a study examining buoys suitable for LiDAR operation in the waters of Korea, which have such complex environmental characteristics. In this paper, we will introduce examples of optimized design and verification of ship-type buoys, which were applied first, and derive important concepts that will serve as the basis for the development of various platforms in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2013

There are some factors affecting the shorebirds in selecting a coastal inland roost site where they have to stay during the high tide when the entire intertidal zone is covered with water. We investigated eight species (Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis, Green Shanks Tringa nebularia, Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica, Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola, Dunlins Calidris alpine, Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus, Eurasian Curlews Numenius arquata and Terek Sandpipers Xenus cinereus) to identify the spatial and temporal variability in coastal inland roost use in the area and the factors influencing the use. We considered the area and length of the standing water in the roost site, temperature, wind speed, the time of migration and the intensity of disturbance. As a result, number of individuals and type of species using the roost site varied across spatial and temporal scales. And the factors affecting the roost use was species-specific. The roost site of the study area was a closed shrimp farm however, it has been converted to a Salicornia herbacea, a salt marsh plant, farm recently. In a situation where coastal inland roost site is needed, we hereby describe a resolution for the juxtaposition of shorebirds and farming.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of ground condition of barn, moisture condition, feeding facilities, disinfection tool, etc. The data from a total of 305 farms were collected and analysed for establishment of managemental target in Hanwoo farm. The ground condition of barn was evaluated as a result of "moderate level" (46.4%). The moisture removal on the ground was conducted with the aid of electric fan (36.4%). The natural wind and sunlight should be used gradually for economic effect in farm. The exchange of floor straw was mostly conducted to remove the bad smell of barn (33.7%). 37.0% of farms had no the electric fan in internal barn, this instrument must be installed for control of body temperature and internal moisture in the future. Most of feeding facilities were operated by hand(88.2%). Modern farms should be installed with automatic feeding system. Farmer's skill of management was evaluated as a "2.80" of 5 points. Accordingly, farmers should be trained with high level of technical competitive skill. In conclusion, Hanwoo farms should be promoted and improved for enhancement of income through introduction to scientifically modern feeding skill.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1981

This study was conducted with 478 farm households located in Pyongtaek Gun of Gyonggi Do, Chongju City and Chongwon Gun of Chung Buk Do, and Hongchon Gun of Gangwon Do for the period of 10, September through 20, October 1980. It dealt with general features of the farmhouseholds, their practices of handling and using pescides, and relationship between safe use of pesticides and poisoning experiences. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Of the total, 63.2% purchased pesticides mainly through the Agricultural Coops, and 95.4% transported them home separately from other goods. 2 Pesticides were sold contained mainly in glass bottles and paper bags. 3. Mixing of the respodents (87.5%) stored pesticides in sheds, warehouses and boxes. 4. Mixing containers and measuring tools were not used by the majority of the group studied. This indicates that there exist serious problems of safety and accuracy with regard to use of pesticides. 5. As to pesticide protective devices, gloves, respirators, goggles and boots were not used in general. Even in case of using them, their quality was not satisfactory. 6. Among the interviewees, 4.2% did not read pesticide label, 33.9% did not wash immediately when pesticide was spilled on the skin, 48.4% did not care the wind direction during pesticide application, and 17.0% did not wash hands when smoking a cigarette while pesticide is being handled. 7. Of the total, 40.4% were found to harvest vegetables within 10 days from the date of pesticide application, which indicates their unawareness of possible hazards by pesticide residues. 8. Empty pesticide containers or bags were not properly disposed of by majority of the respondents. Furthermore, impacts on the environment by the misuse or abuse of pesticides were not understood by 67.6% 9. Of the interviewees, 48.7% were found to have not received instructions on safe use of pesticides. 10. The rate of pesticidal poisoning experience was about 28.0% if minor symptoms excluded, and it rose to about 44.0% if included. Meanwhile, the rate of pesticidal poisoning tends to increase with the size of farm. 11. The study failed to show a statistically significant relationship between the rate of pesticidal poisoning and use of mixing container and/or measuring tools. However, use of gloves showed a statistical significance on the rate of pesticidal poisoning. 12. Among the poisoned cases, 19.0% were cared for in either hospitals or clinics.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

Six pig farms were surveyed to measure the odor concentrations and characteristics of ammonia and sulfide corollary compounds in piggery. They were depended on the scale of piggery, weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, scales and types of pig breeding, and manure treatment methods. The highest ammonia concentrations in piggery were measured during the winter, since the tight sealed insulation in piggery made less amount of generated ammonia discharged from piggery. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of odor in the piggery by season and growing, and to measure concentrations of odor at boundary area. So, we investigated the raising managements, manure managements, and methods of reducing odor according to farm scale. We found that concentration of ammonia gas in the swine fattening piggery in winter was the highest. This result is consistent with the lower ventilation rate to maintain Indoor temperature. In this result, there was no connection between farm scale and ventilating system. Concentration of ammonia gas was 1.64 ppm at one boundary area in the middle scale. $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, and $(CH_3)_2S_2$ were below the standard of protection odor policy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.490-502
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• 2021

Horticultural facility farmers subscribe to crop accident insurance and insurance products secured by horticultural facilities in preparation for possible risks in the facility. Insurance is purchased to prepare for natural disasters such as typhoons, hail, frostbite, heavy rain, and strong wind damage covered by the product. In order to find out the effect of risk perception, which is a subjective perception of the risks of a given situation, on horticultural facility farmers' intention to purchase horticultural facility insurance products, the risk perception and insurance purchase intention were analyzed. A t-test was conducted to determine the impact relationship between farm size, insurance coverage, and risk perception, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the effect of personal characteristics and behavioral factors such as subjective perception, reference group, media exposure, and compensation understanding. In addition, a three-step regression analysis by Baron & Kenny was conducted to confirm the mediating role of personal characteristics and behavioral factors in the relationship between risk perception and insurance purchase intention. As a result of the study, although there was no difference in farm size, it was analyzed that policy holders had a higher degree of risk perception than non-subscribers, and that compensation understanding had the greatest influence and subjective knowledge had the smallest influence. In addition, these four factors were verified to have a mediating effect on the relationship between risk perception and insurance purchase intention. These results are expected to provide practical help to the development and marketing activities of horticultural facility insurance products.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

The tree of heaven naturalized plant grows in the various habitats of the city. The principal reason is that it is reproduced not only through sexual reproduction but through asexual reproduction. By the spreading of sucker and a bud appearance of the seed it forms a group easily inside the city habitat. The distribution of seed and spreading of the seedlings of the tree of heaven were investigated like the followings. As the result of the sexual reproduction by the seed and hangs in cluster farm, 350 individuals are germinated at the Namsan the best environment, and 50 individuals at Toegyewon Rotary These seeds are dispersed by the effect of wind and geographical factor. Because the northwest wind is blowing mainly from late autumn to early spring, it is dispersed in the south. In Toegyewon Rotary, a slant site, is dispersed mainly by down the site. Compared with width of crown, the seedling of a seed germination are distributed outside more than inside the crown and the seed is spreaded until the maximum 7.5 times of crown width at the investigated area. 1 year seedlings appeared as a group at the place of 2-4 times of the crown (in 20m from the crown, 75% distribution). Considering the distribution by the seed scattering of the tree of heaven, there is a possibility of sudden individual increase even in the deteriorated city environment. So this possibility shows that we need to consider the protection of the city soil, and the species variety decrease resulted from the successful competition to the other species.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2020

The Early Warning System for agrometeorological hazard of the Rural Development Administration (Korea) forecasts detailed weather for each farm based on the meteorological information provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration, and estimates the growth of crops and predicts a meteorological hazard that can occur during the growing period by using the estimated detailed meteorological information. For verification of early warning system, automated weather observation network was constructed in the study area. Moreover, a real-time web display system was built to deliver near real-time weather data collected from the observation network. The meteorological observation system collected diverse meteorological variables including temperature, humidity, solar radiation, rainfall, soil moisture, sunshine duration, wind velocity, and wind direction. These elements were collected every minute and transmitted to the server every ten minutes. The data display system is composed of three phases: the first phase builds a database of meteorological data collected from the meteorological observation system every minute; the second phase statistically analyzes the collected meteorological data at ten-minutes, one-hour, or one-day time step; and the third phase displays the collected and analyzed meteorological data on the web. The meteorological data collected in the database can be inquired through the webpage for all data points or one data point in the unit of one minute, ten minutes, one hour, or one day. Moreover, the data can be downloaded in CSV format.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 2022

Wind power has been rapidly growing over last decade in the world as well as in South Korea as a feasible renewable energy source. Providing sustainable energy to all while securing environmental sustainability requires evidence based policy making and innovative solutions. Through analysis of 58 cases of South Korean Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report, this paper seeks to identify answers to the following two questions. What are the key characteristics for inland windfarm? Is there a way of measuring environmental sustainability to compare each location to reduce negative environmental impact? Variables related to environmental sustainability of each windfarm case were collected from EIA report and the factor analysis of environmental variables was conducted to calculate the weight for each variable to build environmental sustainability index (ESI) to provide as evidence-based tools for decision making on the location of inland windfarm. 58 cases were categorized as three types 1) Mountain type 2) Ranch Type and 3) Coastal Type depending on their height and degree of naturalness. For analytical research, first, it was successfully calculated environmental sustainability of each windfarm case ranging from 1.04 (#33, Ranch type) to -1.44 (#55, Mountain type). Second, the analysis results showed that ranch type is most environmentally sustainable (Average ESI = 0.4551), followed by coastal type (Ave ESI = 0.3712) and lastly mountain type (Average ESI = -0.3457). These findings are consistent with the previous researches on inland windfarms and provides substantive policy implication on the renewable energy policies.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of average and cyclic shear stresses on the undrained failure behaviors of dense marine silty sand by using the Cyclic Direct Simple Shear apparatus. The results show that when the average shear stress ratio is zero, symmetric cyclic shear deformation is the major component of deformation, and permanent shear deformation is relatively small. On the other hand, when the average shear stress ratio is larger than zero, asymmetric permanent shear deformation is the major component, and cyclic shear deformation does not change much as the number of cyclic loads increases. The average shear stress ratio has less effects on the number of cyclic loads needed to fail, as compared with the cyclic shear stress ratio. The proposed stress-dependent failure contour can effectively be used to assess the cyclic shear strength of soil beneath the foundation for the design of offshore structures.