• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of abdominal breathing on VAS-Anxiety (VAS-A), blood pressure, peripheral skin temperature and saturation oxygen in pregnant women in preterm labor. Method: The study design was a matched control group interrupted time series. Forty-six women matched to gestational age were assigned to either the experimental group (26) or control group (20). Data were collected between March 2007 and May 2008. For the experimental treatment the women performed abdominal breathing 30 times, which took 5 minutes, and did one set of 5-minute abdominal breathing daily for three days. Data collection was done before and after the abdominal breathing to measure VAS-A, blood pressure, peripheral skin temperature and oxygen saturation. Descriptive, $X^2$, Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/PC+Win 15.0 program. Result: For the experimental group there were significant decreases in VAS-A (Z=-4.37, p=.00), systolic blood pressure (Z=-3.38, p=.00), and an increase in skin temperature (Z=-4.50, p=.00) and oxygen saturation (Z=-3.66, p=.00). Conclusion: These findings suggest that abdominal breathing in pregnant women in preterm labor results in decreases in anxiety(VAS-A) including biological evidences such as systolic blood pressure, and increases in peripheral skin temperature and oxygen saturation. Further longitudinal study is needed on the lasting effects and obstetric and neonatal outcomes following abdominal breathing.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of position change from supine to Fowler's on back pain and discomfort in patients who remained on bed rest after undergoing PCIs with a vascular closure device. Methods: Data was collected from 35 inpatients who were hospitalized in coronary-care unit to perform PCIs with a vascular closure device at S hospital in Seoul from December, 2006 to May, 2007. Back pain, discomfort, presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma from femoral arterial puncture site and blood pressure/pulse rate were measured prior to, 10 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after position change. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ tests and t-tests using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for Windows program. The level of significance (${\alpha}$) was set at 0.05 for this study. Results: We found that there was no significant difference in back pain and discomfort in 10 minutes after position change between the two groups. However, the experimental group reported significantly less back pain and discomfort than the control group in 1 hour (p<.01, respectively) and 2 hour (p<.01, respectively) after position change. There was no significant difference in the presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma at the puncture site, blood pressure, and pulse rate in 10 minutes, 1hour and 2hours after position change between the two groups. Conclusion: Fowler's position change after PCIs in, therefore, safe and effective method of reducing back pain and physical discomfort without causing additional bleeding and changes in blood pressure and pulse rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1255-1255
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• 2001

The study used 356 veal calf meat samples received from Finland (n=16), France (n=109), Italy (n=81) and The Netherlands (n=150). Calves were raised under experimental protocols that compared feeding and housing practices normally used in each county to treatments aiming at improving animal welfare. Samples were taken at the $8^{th}$ rib of Longissimus thoracis muscle 24h after slaughter, They were kept refrigerated ( $2-4^{\circ}C$) under vacuum package for 6d and then frozen ($-20^{\circ}C$) until meat quality evaluation. Measurements included pH, color (Hunter Lab system), shear force, chemical composition (DM, Ash, Ether Extract, collagen and haematin content), weight and area cooking losses and a sensory evaluation by a group of panelists. A sample of meat was ground with a blade mill and scanned in duplicate between 1100 and 1498 nm (FOSS NIR Systems 5000). WinISI software was used to develop a discriminating equation using NIR spectra (SNV-detrend, derivative=1, gap=4nm, smooth=4nm). The Proc ANOVA and DISCRIM of SAS were used for all the laboratory determinations. County of production had a significant (P<0.01) effect on all the parameters. However, discriminant analysis using any or few laboratory parameters resulted in great errors of county classification. A more accurate (98.8%) classification was obtained only when using all the laboratory parameters. NIRS classified correctly 354 of the 356 samples (99.4%). Provided with a larger data set, NIRS could be used to identify country of production of veal meat.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Recently, the primary school training courses requires creative human being who is able to solve problem in accordance with rapidly changing society. Accordingly, it needs development of edutainment contents that can develop creativity and heighten educational effect as attracting learner's interest. This paper intends to design educational game which can develop creativity. Method of research is based on the concept of creativity and theory of multiple intelligence. First, I pulled out educational elements of edutainment game which can develop ability to solve synthetic problem and then drew interest elements of edutainment game by combined game with form of cartoon. Secondly, creativity studying area set the 5 learning area of verbal, visual, mathematical, logical and analytic creativity and then, a course of learning was designed to have each 3 details of 5 teaming areas of creativity. Finally, it presented production direction of educational game by combined with 4 elements of the interest that is an avatar, achievement of a mission, a time limit and win a point.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2012

The principle of Effective Based Operation applied to the Korean Theater resulted in measurable effects to win the minimum battle. Based on the finding, this study recommends the effect analysis methodology under the V-C interoperability system to acquire a weapon system. This method is followed as below; to confirm the effect data on the organized weapon system, to set MOE, MOP and effect considering the purpose of the analysis, to apply the appropriate operational concept and scenario on the weapon system, and then the available C Model is after action reviewed, adjusted, and given feedback. The V-C interoperability system enables to perform the real-time combat experiment under the virtual synthesized battlefield circumstances. The defensive battle organization and displacement of the future anti-tank guided weapon system was considered in the modeling process. Scenario was written, which encompasses company-level units and the battalion-level operation. Then the available AWAM was embodied and effect-analyzed, which formed the foundation of SBA.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.458-465
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is possible to reduce cost of management and maintenance to realization of smartphone and using data server network technology instead of GPS. Former wireless bus information system was focused on supply side management structure and national spread thus it needs to establish GPS terminal, Windows CE, Window XP embedded and LCD panels which provide only one way communication of information of public traffic information. Therefore, former system management and maintenance cost are very expansive. This research is not use GPS terminal and other hardware equipment but design and realization using smartphone and data network server. This system also provides low cost of management and maintenance. It is not only service downtown area but also out of town and small and medium-sized cities. This system functionally gets a satisfying result user convenience and satisfaction using function of set-up route map, real-time display, and running statically analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Changes have occurred in the professional capabilities of the construction project managers after the global financial crisis. As representatives of construction companies and projects, construction project managers have full responsibility over a construction project. Throughout its life cycle, from design through construction to completion, the business capabilities of such managers are regarded as critical elements in the changes in the country's construction economy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the main capabilities of current construction project managers, and to analysis of its competitiveness using Important-Performance Analysis(IPA). The results of IPA were as follows; (1)capability to win new contracts and capability to collect information of new project are needed for external relation competitiveness, (2)gerentocratic management mind-set and active breakthrough are needed for internal project management competitiveness, and (3)capability to predict issues and self-improvement are needed for self discipline competitiveness. However, this work is still considered to provide the basic data that can help Korean construction companies who plan to educate the project manager's strengthen their medium and long-term capabilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.582-592
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of an eye protective device and ear protective device application on sleep disorder with coronary disease patients in CCU. Methods: The research design was set up as a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were coronary disease patients in the CCU of a tertiary hospital. The subjects were composed of 20 in the group with an eye protective device, 18 in the group with an ear protective device, 17 in the group with an eye protective device and ear protective device and 20 in the control group. The data was analyzed by $X^2-test$, ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, Sheffe-test, Simple main effect and Time contrast using SPSS Win 12.0. Results: The hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in sleep quantity among the four groups' was supported (F=1,342.71, p=.000). The hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in the subjective evaluation of the general sleep patterns among the four groups' was supported (F=3,638.73, p=.000). In addition the hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in degree of sleep among the four groups' was supported (F=1,616.61, p=.000). Conclusion: It is cost effective and a simple eye protective device and ear protective device should be applied to patients according to their preference and characteristics in the clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.235-242
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• 2019

The present paper aims to examine how prospective teachers' experience of creating UCC materials affects their teaching expertise and creativity. The group of subjects consists of a group of 19 students majoring in Japanese under the teacher certificate curriculum at N University located in Cheonan. The collected data was analyzed using a set of statistical methods including frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test using SPSS WIN 21.0. It was found that there was a positive correlation between their UCC experiences and their teaching subject expertise/creativity. It was also found that the former exerted a statistically significant effect on the latter. The results of the current research might suggest that teachers' teaching methods in the field are very important. It is hopeful that innovative teaching methods and activities will be introduced and expanded in the filed to produce more effective education.The Korea Convergence Society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

The main purpose of (the) performing arts is to efficiently communicate the themes and meanings which performances contain under limited time and place to the audience. Stage design should visually express play writer's scripts and director's interpretations of works, amid limitations. Although it is mostly designed metaphorically, in many cases, it is used only as a tool describing the background of performances but fails to effectively convey the true message of scenes to spectators. On the other hand, Bob Crowley has been recognized for his own design presentation skills to win 'Best Scenic Design of a Musical' of Tony Awards for six times and still exerts great influence on the musical and performing arts fields as a set designer. This study analyzes his reading of scripts and visual metaphor expressions, focusing on the musical, 'Aida' where the skills are mostly notable. To that end, we studied the concept of stage arts and theory of visual metaphoric expression to derive the features of his own technique in visual metaphor. Then, the features were applied to each scene of 'Aida' to see how they are displayed on stage. The result shows that Bob Crowley not only describes the background on stage, but also visualizes characters' personality and emotions in scenes. Such method of his expression is a proof to enhanced performance level by maximizing the atmosphere. Considering that a stage design should be based on the capacity of a designer to reinterpret the space with renewed viewpoints, visual metaphoric expression can serve as an effective tool to deliver clear messages to the audience under limited time and space, which is open to various methods of expressions.