• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.365-374
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• 1996

The prupose of this study was to obtain standard measurements of the tooth size, Bolton ratio, width and length of dental arch and basal arch, overbite and overjet of the children who have normal dentition. The plaster cast of 97 children(47 boys and 50 girls) among the contestants in 1992, 1994, 1995 Healthy Dentition contest in Seoul were measured and following results were obtained. 1. Means and standard deviations of the mesio-distal maximum width of the permanent teeth, Bolton ratio, width and length of the dental arch and basal arch of the upper and lower dentition and overbite and overjet of the children were obtained. 2. Mesio-distal width of the teeth, width and length of the dental arch and basal arch of the upper and lower dentition of the boys were larger than those of the girls. 3. Bolton Overall ratio, Anterior ratio and overjet of the boys were larger than those of the girls and overbite of the boys were smaller than those of the girls, but no significant differences were noted between the boys and the girls(p>0.05). 4. In the comparision of the Healthy Dentition Contestants with Korean adults of Shur, all teeth of the Contestants were larger than those of Korean adults, especially upper and lower bicuspids(p<0.01). In the comparision of the Healthy Dentition Contestants with Caucasians, all teeth except upper and lower central incisor and upper first molar of the contestants were larger than those of Caucasians(p<0.05).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 1987

This paper presents the theroetical analysis of the crack tip stress intensity factor for a center crack in a finite width plate with variable thickness. The analyses were based on Laurent's expansions of complex stress potentials where the expansion coefficients are determined from the boundary conditions. The perturbation method was employed in numerical calculations. The correction factor F(.lambda.)is given in the form of power series of .lambda. [a numerical formula] where .lambda.=a/w$^{1}$; Dimensionless crack length, .betha.=t$_{2}$/t; Thickness ratio .omega.=w$_{2}$/w$_{1}$; width ratio The correction factor values vary with the width ratio .omega. and the maximum variation occurs around .betha.=1. For the case of .betha.=1 or .betha.=0 (uniform thickness plate0, the correction factor values agree well with Feddersen's formula. In all cases, as .lambda. approaches to 1 (thickness interface), the correction factor values are decreased rapidly for .betha.>1, and increased rapidly for .betha.<1.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.331-334
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 클록의 duty ratio가 변하였을 때, 그 클록의 duty ratio를 $50\%$의 duty ratio로 만들어 주는 Pulse Width Control Loop Circuit을 설계하였다. 기존의 논문에서는 duty ratio를 변화시키기 위해 각 duty ratio 마다 알맞은 제어 전압을 공급해하는 문제점이 있었다. 본 논문은 제어 전압이 변하지 않고 일정한 전압으로도 duty ratio를 변화시킬 수 있게 하여, 제어 전압 변화에 대한 문제점을 해결하였다. 설계, 시뮬레이션 결과 기존의 논문보다 간단해진 회로 구성으로 더욱 높은 주파수에서 동작하였다. 그리고 settling 시간도 기존의 논문의 l00ns 이상에서 5ns로 줄어듦을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문은 3.3V의 공급 전압에서 $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS공정을 이용하여 설계하였고 동작 주파수는 500MHz-2GHz였고, settling 시간은 10n이하였다.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.502-508
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• 2007

Effect of the process parameters of the cogging process on the void crushing has been studied in order to identify the most effective factor. The process parameters considered in this study are die width ratio, reduction ratio and pre-cooling time before cogging process. Void crushing analysis with the selected process parameters was carried out using FE analysis. The results of FE analysis were evaluated by Taguchi method. It was found that the efficiency of void crushing increases with an increase in the values of all selected process parameters and the principal factor controlling the void crushing was identified as the reduction ratio.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

Double skin composite wall system owns several structural merits in terms of high load-carrying capacity, large axial stiffness, and favorable ductility. A recently proposed form of truss connector was used to bond the steel plates to the concrete core to achieve good composite action. The structural behavior of rectangular high walls under compression and T-shaped high walls under eccentric compression has been investigated by the authors. Furthermore, the influences of the truss spacings, the wall width, and the faceplate thickness have been previously studied by the authors on short walls under uniform compression. This paper experimentally investigated the effect of width-to-thickness ratio on the compressive behavior of short walls. Compressive tests were conducted on three short specimens with different width-to-thickness ratios. Based on the test results, it is found that the composite wall shows high compressive resistance and good ductility. The walls fail by local buckling of steel plates and crushing of concrete core. It is also observed that width-to-thickness ratio has great influence on the compressive resistance, initial stiffness, and strain distribution across the section. Finally, the test results are compared with the predictions by modern codes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.204-212
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate ventilation efficiency of 4-stage slot hood by variation of slot width, flow rate, hood size and baffle size. The slot velocity, control velocity and plenum velocity were related to slot width and the distance between source of contamination and hood. The results obtained from laboratory experiment for local exhaust ventilation systems were as follows ; 1. When slot widths were constant(equally changed) and the velocity was 6-10 m/s, the slot velocity from 1st slot to 4th slot gradually decreased. As the slot width-to-slot length ratio(WLR) decreased, the slot velocity of each stage increased. But if WLR value was less than 0.04, the slot velocity decreased. 2. When slot velocity exceeded 10 m/s with constant slot widths, the slot velocity of each stage was uniform. 3. When the slot velocity was uniform within 10 m/s and the first slot width was 14-20 mm, the slot width ratio between 1st slot and each of three other slots were 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 3.0, respectively. 4. The slot and plenum velocity were uniform when exhaust flow rate changed from 14 to $19m^3/min$ and there were no hood splitter vanes. 5. When the slot velocity at each stage was uniform, the control velocity at site 30 cm away from hood No.2 increased from 0.15-0.30 to 0.25-0.45 m/s and the control distance from 20 to 30 cm(about 1.5 times).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2003

This study is to figure out where the current satisfaction with ready-to-wear clothes based on middle-aged women's body shapes is at and to propose basic considerations in its production for coming up with a better sizing system to maximize customer's satisfaction. The data obtained from measurement and questionnaire by 126 middle- aged (35-59) women which were located in Gwangju. Followings are summary of this research, 1)The satisfaction level with lower -wear is relatively lower-wear than that of upper-wear in most parts of body. 2) The results by way of putting score show three different groups. Group 1 has characteristics of front body silhouette in the small ratio of shoulder width/bust width, shoulder width/waist width and big ratio of shoulder width/hip width. And Group 3 has characteristics of front silhouette, small ratio of hip girth/thigh girth. Group 2 has a standard shape. 3) The satisfaction level with lower-wear based on middle-aged women's body shapes shows slight difference. In this category, Group 2 has higher satisfaction level than that of Group 1, while Group 1 has better shape than Group 3. 4) The items of clothes which should be considered current less satisfaction on their size and pattern are skirt and pants. In the meantime, specific body parts for the same criteria are hip girth, thigh girth. And the 43.7% of middle-aged women who responded to this study requires improvement on the fit of lower-wear.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.5 s.78
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• pp.561-568
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• 2005

The object of this paper is to determine appropriateness for use of high-strength tensile bar as a tension web member. The gap K-joint of tensile bar types were compared with gap K-joint of square hollow section (SHS) types. For the same width-to-thickness ratio ($2{\gamma}=33.3$ ), tests were performed on four specimens of the SHS type and eight specimens of the tensile bar type. The comparison of capacity with the experimental results showed a capacity of the SHS type joint to be higher than that of the tensile bartype joint for the same brace-to-chord width ratio. Moreover, the capacity of the SHS type joints increased proportionally to the width ratio ${\beta}$), while tensile bar type joints increased as the tension width ratio (${\beta}2$). In failure mode, SHS-type specimens showed local buckling of the compression brace and plastic failure was observed between the tension brace and chord face, and with the tensile bar type specimens there appeared punching shear failure of the chord face at the toe of the connection plate. It is, therefore, concluded that width-to-thickness ratio should be lower than that of the hollow-section type and the relation between tension and compression width ratio should be considered.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2012

PURPOSE. We aimed to identify a more esthetic width-to-length ratio by analyzing maxillary central incisor of Korean adult population. Information regarding tooth ratio in the Korean population may be useful to clinicians when restoring anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 40 men and 40 women were included in this study. The NON-MEDIA group included 40 non-celebrities, who were healthy and 25 to 39 years old, with normal dentofacial appearance. The MEDIA group consisted of 40 celebrities selected only on the basis of their soft-tissue facial appearance. The facial photographs of 40 celebrities were collected from the Internet websites. The width and length of the maxillary central incisor were measured using Adobe $Photoshop^{(R)}$ 7.0, a software for analysis, measurement and edition of photographs. Data were analyzed statistically using the Independent t-test at 5% statistical significance level. RESULTS. The mean ratio for the MEDIA group was 0.77, whereas that of the NON-MEDIA group was 0.88. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant gender differences were found in the width-to-length ratio in MEDIA group. In NON-MEDIA group, however, there were significant differences between female and male. CONCLUSION. After analyzing maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults, our results were in accordance with the general Western standards of esthetics. A dentist restoring the natural look and beauty of teeth will have to consider those standards.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.879-887
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• 2003

The flow in a parallel walled test channel, when obstructed with a geometry at the entrance, can be forward, reverse and stagnant depending on the position of the obstruction. This interesting flow phenomenon has potential benefit in the control of energy and various flows in the process industry In this experiment, the flat plate obstruction geometry was used as an obstruction at the entry of the test channel. The parameters that influence the flow inside and around the test channel were the gap (g) between the test channel and the obstruction geometry, the length (L) of the test channel and the Reynolds number (Re). The effect of the gap to channel width ratio (g/w) on the magnitude of the velocity ratio (V$\_$i/ / V$\_$o/ : velocity inside/ velocity outside the test channel) was investigated for a range of Reynolds numbers. The maximum reverse flow observed was nearly 20% to 60% of the outside velocity for Reynolds number ranging from 1000 to 9000 at g/w ratio of 1.5. The maximum forward velocity inside the test channel was found 80% of the outside velocity at higher g/w ratio of 8. The effect of the test channel length on the velocity ratio was investigated for different g/w ratios and a fixed Reynolds number of 4000. The influence of the Reynolds number on the velocity ratio is also discussed and presented for different gap to width ratio (g/w). The flow visualisation photographs showing fluid motion inside and around the test channel are also presented and discussed.