• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2002

Problem-centered learning reflects learning strategy based on constructivism. In this learning, students should find the solution in a small group discussion, and share their solutions with classmates in whole class discussion. So students participate in mathematics instruction actively and interact with other students about the strategies. We expect students would change their attitudes on mathematics and mathematical learning in these processes. In this study, we analyzed students' attitudes on mathematics and mathematical learning when they participated the problem-centered learning program. We found the change of students' attitudes to mathematics via problem-centered learning.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

본 연구는 소집단 논변 활동을 도입한 과학 수업에서 소집단 논의 후 이루어지는 교실 전체 논의에서의 반응적 교수 실행을 탐색하고, 이로부터 드러나는 교사의 인식론적 프레이밍을 파악했다. 이를 위해 교사 3명과 이 교사들이 담당한 학급의 학생들 총 84명이 본 연구에 참여했고, 자극과 반응 단원의 학습 개념을 바탕으로 설계된 논변 수업을 진행했다. 연구자들은 수업에서 이루어진 학생들의 논의를 녹화하고 교사와의 인터뷰를 실시했으며, 교사와 학생들의 담화와 인터뷰 내용을 전사하여 분석 자료로 활용했다. 연구 결과, 교사의 반응적 교수 실행은 교실 구성원 간의 상호작용의 특성과, 논변을 발전시키는 과정에서 활용되는 개념적 또는 인식론적 자원이 누구로 부터 활성되었는지에 따라 네 가지로 구분되었다. 교사가 전체 논의를 '학생들이 논의를 통해 정답에 도달하는 활동'으로서 프레이밍한 경우에는 각 소집단의 논변을 과학 개념과의 비교하고 과학 개념을 전달했고, '적절한 개념적 자원을 이끌어내어 논변을 비판적으로 검토하고 수정하는 활동'으로 프레이밍한 경우에는 각 소집단의 논변을 과학 개념으로 나아갈 수 있는 자원으로서 여기며 교사가 직접 논의에 참여하여 학생과 함께 정당화를 수정하는 반응적 실행을 보였다. 전체 논의를 '소집단의 논변을 명확히 표현하여 공유하는 활동'으로서 프레이밍한 경우에는 각 소집단의 논변을 하나의 나름대로 타당한 논변으로 보아 이를 구체적으로 표현하도록 지원했으며, '비판적 평가를 바탕으로 교실 전체에서 합의된 논변을 구성하는 활동'으로 프레이밍한 경우 각 소집단의 논변을 교실 전체의 합의된 논변을 구성하기 위한 자원으로 여기고 학생들 간 상호작용을 통해 논변의 비판적 검토와 발달이 이루어지도록 중재했다. 본 연구는 다양한 맥락에서 드러나는 교사의 프레이밍과 반응적 교수 실행이 지니는 의의와 제한점을 살펴보아, 현장의 상황을 고려한 논변 활동에서의 반응적 교수 전략을 마련하는 데에 기여할 것이다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2005

발사체 개발사업에서 SI(System integration) 업무란 SI 주관부서로 입고된 발사체 각 부분체들을 시험 및 검사를 통한 적절한 품질관리와 병행하면서 조립하여 하나의 완성된 발사체를 조립하고, 실제로 발사 임무를 수행하는 과정이다. 우주발사체 SI업무는 어느 한 부서의 독립적인 업무가 아니라 모든 기능부서 및 협력업체의 자발적인 협력이 필요한 종합업무이다. 본 문서는 발사체 사업단의 SI업무를 기술함으로서, 발사체 사업에 참여한 기능부서와 협력업체들로 하여금 SI 업무에 대한 이해를 돕는 뿐만 아니라, 실제 SI 업무에서 좀더 효율적인 협업을 위해서 작성되었으며, 이 후 기능부서와 협력업체와의 지속적인 협의를 통해 구체화 될 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to apply the instructional strategies for conceptual change prescribed by Posner et al(1982) to the astronomic content domain taught in the elementary and middle school and to analyze the characteristics of students' knowledge revealed in the test before, during and after the instruction. Also, it was to investigate the intercorrelation of cognitive levels, spatial ability and science achievement. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Students had a great variety of misconceptions related to the motion of the moon before the instruction, that is, the phases, the names of phases and the cause of changing phases by the moon's orbit about the earth, the moon's appearance and location at the given time, the relative positions of earth, moon and sun during a lunar eclipse, the cause that a full moon is not at the line of node once a month. In the analysis of students' responses concerning the cause of changing phases of the moon and a lunar eclipse, the results indicate that the great majority of students had rote learning rather than meaningful learning in the middle school. 2. Students' reponses during the instruction concerning the changing phases of the moon and the predictive knowledge about the motions of the earth and the moon were analyzed. 1) According to the results of the test given before and after experiment, after discussion, achievement score of the whole of subjects and groups in both preformal and formal cognitive levels appeared to increase linearly. 2) There was no statistically significant differences of achievement scores before and after experiment, after discussion between preformal group and formal group in cognitive levels. 3. Distribution of achievement scores according to the whole of subjects and groups in preformal and formal cognitive levels shows that there was a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest. 4. Types of conceptual changes concerning the cause of changing phases of the moon that occurred from pretest to posttest were classified as accommodation, incomplete accommodation, assimilation, no change and no model. Six of the seven students starting instruction with alternative frameworks didn't sustain those alternative models throughout instruction. Five of these six students accommodated completely and the last one partially. Seventy-nine percentage of students taking instruction with fragmental models assimilated correct propositions at the end of the instruction. These results suggest that conceptual change model prescribed by Posner et al(1982) has promised the meaningful learning to students taking with fragmental models, especially in cases where students with misconception enter instruction. 5. High correlation between achievement score of simple-recall items and that of written items in pretest and posttest indicates that the higher students got the score in simple-recall items the better they also performed in written items. However, there was no statistically significant differences among cognitive levels, spatial ability and science achievement in the whole of subjects and groups according to the cognitive levels.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.587-597
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• 2017

과학 교실에서 학생들이 학습의 중심이 되기 위해서는 수업에서 학생들이 목소리를 표현하고 권위를 갖도록 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 우리는 '애완동물 안내문 만들기' 수업을 개발하였고, 이 수업에서 초등학생들이 수업의 주체로서 자신들의 역할을 어떻게 인식하고 권위를 드러내는지 탐색하였다. 서울시 G초등학교 4학년 2개 학급학생들을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였으며, 학생들의 활동은 모두 녹음 녹화되었다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 애완동물 안내문을 만드는 소집단 활동과, 전체 학생을 대상으로 발표하고 질의응답하는 전체 발표에서 다른 양상으로 인식적 권위를 드러내는 모습을 보였다. 우선 소집단 활동에서 학생들은 자신들이 가져온 다양한 자원을 활용하고 선별하였으며, 공적인 공간에 적합하도록 자원으로 변형시키는 것과 같이 '애완동물 전문가'로서 권위를 표현하고자 하였다. 전체 발표에서는 발표자와 청중이라는 입장으로 구분되어 발표자는 '애완동물 전문가'로 인정을 받고, 청중은 '검증하는 사람'으로 발표자를 평가하면서, 적극적으로 권위를 검증받고 평가하는 모습을 보였다. 또한 전체 발표의 진행을 주도함으로써 활동의 완전한 주도권을 잡고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 학생 중심으로의 교육 환경 변화에 따른 과학 교육의 전략을 모색하는데 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.301-318
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• 2017

This paper explores students' question generation process and their study in small group discussion. The research is based on Anthropological Theory of the Didactic developed by Chevallard. He argues that the savior (knowledge) we are dealing with at school is based on a paradigm that we prevail over whether we 'learn' or 'study' socially. In other words, we haven't provided students with autonomous research and learning opportunities under 'the dominant paradigm of visiting works'. As an alternative, he suggests that we should move on to a new didactic paradigm for 'questioning the world a question', and proposes the Study and Research Courses (SRC) as its pedagogical structure. This study explores the SRC structure of small group activities in solving ill-structured problems. In order to explore the SRC structure generated in the small group discussion, one middle school teacher and 7 middle school students participated in this study. The students were divided into two groups with 4 students and 3 students. The teacher conducted the lesson with ill-structured problems provided by researchers. We collected students' presentation materials and classroom video records, and then analyzed based on SRC structure. As a result, we have identified that students were able to focus on the valuable information they needed to explore. We found that the nature of the questions generated by students focused on details more than the whole of the problem. In the SRC course, we also found pattern of a small group discussion. In other words, they generated questions relatively personally, but sought answer cooperatively. This study identified the possibility of SRC as a tool to provide a holistic learning mode of small group discussions in small class, which bring about future mathematics classrooms. This study is meaningful to investigate how students develop their own mathematical inquiry process through self-directed learning, learner-specific curriculum are emphasized and the paradigm shift is required.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1998

A common geoboard puzzel serves as the point of departure for an investigation that lends itself to whole-group discussion with a class of prospective secondary school teachers. Students are provided with opportunities to devise and carry out problem-solving strategies (called 'heuristics' by Polya); exploit inerrelationships among geometry, arithmetic and algebra; formulate generalizations and conjectures; plan and execute an computational project; construct mathematical arguments to establish theorems; and find counter-examples to dispose of a false conjecture. In recent tears, Eugene F. Krause wrote two papers having the same title except for the numeral In that papers he arrives at an theorem about the sizes of squares with lattice point vertices in the coordinate plane, In this paper we follow a different path genearlization to coordinate 3-space

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.251-252
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• 2005

The present design, which is English Zone Development Project for 'G' Elementary School at Seo gu, Incheon, contained various booths for experiential learning corners as well as spaces of teaching learning through group study, dramas and role plays, breaking away from the structure and atmosphere of traditional language labs, and at the same time it include a school building as an affiliated space where the whole students can gather for discussion and learning. The general design concept adopted the atmosphere of an exotic street, installing five theme booths (airport, bank, hospital, book/game store and shop) along the wall and applying the image of road to the floor in order to perform role plays. The blackboard and furniture were also designed to produce the atmosphere of street so that elementary students take interest and actively participate in learning.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of concept mapping with feedbacks providing explanatory comments on students' achievement, science learning anxiety, and science learning motivation were investigated in the undergraduate general chemistry course. The aptitude-treatment interactions between students' level of mastery goal orientation and the concept mapping with explanation feedback treatment were also examined. Sixty-seven freshmen from an university of education were assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The tests of mastery goal orientation, science anxiety, and science learning motivation were administered as pretests. For the treatment group, feedback providing students with explanatory comments through whole class discussion was presented after each concept mapping. Whereas the control group students were presented with opportunities solving excercise problems followed by explanation feedback. The intervention was lasted for 10 weeks (30 class periods). After the instructions, a researcher-made achievement test, the science learning anxiety test, and the science learning motivation test were administered. The results indicated that no statistically significant difference was found in students' achievement. In the science learning anxiety, however, the scores of the treatment group was significantly lower than those of the control group. The scores of the treatment group also tended to be higher, though not significant, than those of the control group in the science learning motivation. However, no significant aptitude-treatment interactions were found in all dependent variables.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1216-1234
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• 2004

전통적인 학교 과학 실험은 실제 과학 활동, 즉 참과학 탐구의 특징을 적절히 반영하고 있지 못하며, 특히 토론이나 논변적 실제가 부족하다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 이에, 본 논문의 목적은 학생들의 동료간 논변활동을 강조한 개방적 탐구 활동을 제안하기 위해, 그 조건 및 특징을 알아보고 적절한 모형을 제안하는 것이다. 문헌 분석 및 이론적 논의를 바탕으로, 학생들의 논변활동을 촉진시키기 위해서 논변적 과학탐구 활동이 가져야 할 조건에 대하여 살펴 본 결과, 인지적 측면에서는 '다양한 견해가 가능한 문제 상황', '학생 자신의 주장 펼치기', '효과적으로 조직된 논변 구성의 기회'가 필요하며, 사회적 측면에서는 '수펑적 관계', '경쟁과 협력의 공동체 활동'이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 조건을 만족시키기 위해 논변적 과학 탐구 활동은 실험활동과 논변활동으로 구성되며 논변활동은 동료 검토용 보고서 쓰기와 비판적 토론으로 조직되었다. 논변활동은 조 내부와 조 별간에, 그리고 쓰기와 토론을 통해서 반복적으로 이루어지며 되먹임을 통해 실험활동과 연계되어 있으며 전체 탐구 과정은 순환적인 특징을 갖는다.